Agronomy dongosolo kukula masamba: zizindikiro luso ndi ndemanga

njira kulima anatchula ya miyeso umalimbana kupeza mkulu zokolola za mbewu ulimi. Chomera kukula ndi chitukuko kudzachitika chikoka mosalekeza za chilengedwe. Ena zinthu mwina akukangamizani njira izi, winayo - kuti imathandizira. Izi ndi zimene n'komwe pamene angagwiritse dongosolo lililonse agrotechnical.

miyeso ziti zimene angathe kuchitidwa

Pakuti aliyense chikhalidwe yeniyeni nthawi anayamba dongosolo osiyana Agronomy. Zomera kwambiri, kumaphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• tillage. Asanadzalemo chikhalidwe chilichonse masamba a nthaka m'munda, mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena mabedi ayenera anamasuka ndipo angaimbidwenso.

• Feteleza. Kukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera zakudya. mbewu masamba akhoza anayambitsa onse feteleza organic ndi mchere.

• Kukonzekera zakuthupi mbewu. Cholinga cha njirayi ndi kupititsa patsogolo kumera ndi kuchepa matenda mbewu.

• Fesani ndi kubzala. Pankhaniyi, mbewu chiyenera kuchitika luso yogawa mu nthaka (kuya, mtunda wa pakati pa zomera, ndi zina zotero.).

• Kusamalira pa nyengo kukula. Kuti bwino zomera mbewu ayenera kukhala lotayirira, udzu, ndi kumene, madzi.

• Kukolola. Kucha masamba ayenera nthawi kusonkhanitsa ndi kukonzekera bwino yosungirako.

Komanso, dongosolo lililonse agro-luso chimakula malingana ndi malamulo a kusinthana azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana. Zimenezi zokolola ndiponso kuchepetsa mlingo wa matenda a matenda a zomera.

Kagwiridwe yaikulu ya mbewu masamba kukula

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana chisamaliro mbewu ya gulu. Choyamba wamkulu zomera masamba ndi:

• kutchire;

• mu greenhouses ndi greenhouses.

Pakuti chikhalidwe chomwecho angagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo iye ndi njira zina. Kukula masamba greenhouses ndi zovuta zambiri, koma n'zotheka kupeza zokolola mu chilimwe ndi chisanu.

ntchito luso

Iwo akhoza kukhala okonzeka Agrotechnical dongosolo makina sayansi ya kulima mbewu, ndipo ochiritsira. Yachiwiri njira amagwiritsa tchuthi pa mbali yaing'ono wakunja kwatawuni zambiri. Pankhaniyi, zambiri yekha makina mbatata kubzala (nthaka yolima). Pa minda zochitika za zokhudza kusamalira zomera ikuchitika ntchito njira lapansi. Zimenezi zikugwira Mwachitsanzo, njira monga kulima, Kupalira, kuthirira, kupalira komanso nthawi zina zokolola leni yokha.

Lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika sayansi ya zomera kukula tima ndi yaikulu. Mbali yoyamba, amatsimikiza ntchito njira zamakono kwambiri kufika, kuwongolera njira ya gulu ntchito, ndi zina zotero. D. Yaikulu umisiri amafuna pamwamba ponso onse m'madera adayilimira, komanso kukopa ntchito zina.

chisamaliro Features

Kumene, dongosolo agro-luso kwa kulima mbewu masamba ayenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zawo kwachilengedwenso. Kusamalira zomera makamaka kutenga nkhani, umene makamaka gulu iwo ali. Masamba ali m'gulu motere:

• Moyo zambiri. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pali limodzi, awiri ndi osatha mbewu.

• Mokhudzana ndi kutenthetsa. Chophweka njira kupanga dongosolo agro-luso kwa chikhalidwe Hardy. Zomera zimenezi zimatha kukula pa kutentha kuyambira digiri 1 ndi mosavuta kupirira kuzizira madigiri -10. Ozizira chikhalidwe kumera pa kutentha madigiri 2-5. Komabe, masamba zimenezi nthawi zambiri si bwino analekerera T kuonjezera madigiri oposa 25. Kutentha okonda zomera amapanga mbali yaikulu ya nakulitsa pa mphindi. Iwo amapita ku kukula kutentha kwa madigiri 12-15. Palinso kutentha zosagwira chikhalidwe.

• Poyerekezera ndi kuwala. Pankhaniyi, masamba onse anawagawa wovuta kwambiri, wosafuna undemanding.

• Mokhudzana ndi chinyezi. mbewu kwambiri masamba amafuna madzi pafupipafupi. Osati kwambiri udzafunidwa kwa chinyezi zina monga nyemba, ndiwo zamasamba ndi mavwende.

Pali zizindikiro zina komanso njira gulu la masamba. Mulimonsemo, makhalidwe zamoyo zomera akhoza kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga nthawi ya kubzala, kusankha feteleza, mawonekedwe ndi zina zotero. D.

mbewu kasinthasintha

Agronomy dongosolo la ulimi kufamuwa kapena madera aang'onoang'ono wakunja kwatawuni ayenera wasenza kutenga nkhani kuphatikizapo periodicity wa ikamatera zomera za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ali osavomerezeka kukhala ndi chikhalidwe kwa zaka zingapo pa malo omwewo. Zomera zimawononga zosiyanasiyana dothi ndi kudziunjikira mu zigawo msipu kufufuza zinthu mu kufanana wosiyana. Choncho, atakula mu malo amodzi nthawi yaitali chikhalidwe nthawi ina pali wakuta mofulumira nthaka.

N'chimodzimodzinso ndi matenda. Gulu lililonse la zomera, pali matenda ambiri ndi awo "omwe" tizirombo. Pofuna kuti anapeza m'nthaka Mwachitsanzo, ambiri spores bowa, mphutsi ndi T. D., ndipo anabereka mbewu kasinthasintha.

dongosolo Agronomy kwa kulima nyemba

Kuti wowerenga angathe kumvetsa zithunzi ulimi chimene, hereinafter anatchula tikambirane mwachidule, pansi pa malamulo a chisamaliro anachita nyemba.

Mu kukafola ndondomeko ya kulima mbewu imeneyi ayenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti ndi bwino kudzala pambuyo nkhaka, ndi tomato, mbatata ndi kabichi. Mosiyana ndi nandolo, nyemba, ngati n'koyenera, akhoza anabzala ngakhale pambuyo nyemba. Mbewu kwa kufesa zambiri anayikidwa pa mtunda wa 15-20 masentimita mu mzere ndi 45-50 masentimita pakati pa mizere ya. Chumacho yophukira ndipo wolakalakika wakupatsa superphosphate mu kuchuluka 40 ga pa 1 mita ^2. Mu kasupe osauka nthaka, pamaso kubzala, mopitirira kupanga feteleza wonse (70 g / mamita ^2). Kudyetsa nyemba asafe kwambiri sangathe ntchito. Zingatipangitse zokolola m'munsi.

Pamene kukula mbewu imeneyi ndi yofunika kusunga luso la ulimi wothirira. Mukayamba moisten nthaka pansi nyemba molawirira kwambiri, zomera akhoza kugwera n'kuwasanganiza lapansi. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, nyemba ndi madzi ochepa, makamaka lokha pa chilala.

Ndemanga za njira zosiyanasiyana za zomera kukula

Pakuti aliyense zikhalidwe yeniyeni masamba panthawi zosiyanasiyana wakhala anayamba njira zambiri ulimi wapadera. Ambiri a iwo akhala bwino ntchito monga anthu a chilimwe dziko payekha, ndi minda zikuluzikulu. ndemanga zabwino kwambiri pali Mwachitsanzo, okhudza kukula kwa zitunda yopapatiza, mwakuchita Dr. Mittlaydera. Pamene alimi ambiri m'banja ntchito angadwale zokolola ndi pafupifupi theka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo masamba kukula kwambiri.

Komanso ndemanga zabwino anthu amene zikugwira kulima mbewu, agro-luso dongosolo yapindula kukula masamba pa Jevons. Izi horticulturist odziwa limalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi aerobic mabakiteriya, ndi kudzala mbewu m'njira movutikira. Malinga ndi ena alimi, Jevons ntchito luso angathe kuonjezera zokolola za mbewu masamba kuwirikiza kawiri.

Ndithudi, palibe ndemanga zabwino kwambiri za mitundu yonse ya umisiri yeniyeni kulima mbewu mu gulu ili. Ena wamaluwa ndikukhulupirira kuti aliyense njira ngati ntchito yokhayo dera ili, kuti zinthu zenizeni nyengo mitundu. alimi amenewa amakonda kukhala njira zawo za kukula nkhaka, tomato, chimanga, kaloti, Beets ndi zina zotero D..

Kodi kukula zomera mu nazale nkhalango

Pamaziko a mfundo ziti anayamba dongosolo la kusamalira mbewu masamba ife tiri kupezedwa. zomera zina akhoza kukhala wamkulu pa luso zovuta zambiri kapena chosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera ntchito za ulimi mu nurseries nkhalango wapangidwa imodzi kumunda angapo. Chonchi masterbatch munda minda wamkulu mbande wa zaka zofanana. Chotero munda yaikidwa kamodzi mu zaka zingapo ndipo alibe kasinthasintha. M'minda atsala kale amatchedwa "masukulu". Pa aliyense wa iwo akhoza kukhala wamkulu mitengo ndi zitsamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana anatsimikiza ndi mtima wonse kumezetsanitsa m'madera wobiriwira ndi zina zotero. D. Bungwe la nazale dera palokha kwenikweni anayamba misewu Kamangidwe, zomera dustproof, nyumba munda, ndi zina zotero. D.

Pomaliza

Choncho, ife tapeza ndi inu kuti agro-luso kulima dongosolo. Izi makamaka mwadongosolo ndipo mabuku ntchito kukhazikitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu umalimbana kupeza apamwamba zotheka zokolola za masamba. Pali malamulo ambiri kwa kupanga zomera mu gulu ili. Komabe, aliyense chikhalidwe yeniyeni, mwa mawu a makhalidwe ake zamoyo Kutacha dongosolo yake.