Triticale - ndichiyani? Gawo ndi zothandiza katundu

Species ndi mitundu ya tirigu mu dziko asonyeza yaikulu. Kuswana ntchito ndi mbewu zofunikazi akupitirirabe. Mitundu yonse analandira chithandizo chapadera posachedwapa woyeneradi triticale. Kodi izo ndi zimene ntchito mbewu, onse kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani ino.

A pang'ono chiphunzitso

Mupewe tirigu ndi rye hybrid kuti Chili ubwino onse mbewu izi, akatswiri ndayesera kuyambira m'ma 19. Komabe, mwatsoka, kuchita izo kwa nthawi yaitali sizinatheke. chifukwa ndi lophweka. mfundo ndi yakuti pakati pa DNA wa tirigu ndi rye palibe kwathunthu majini relatedness.

The wosakanizidwa loyamba la mitundu iwiri ya tirigu anali opangidwa ndi kuwoloka ochiritsira ndithu nthawi yaitali - mu 1875 Komabe, anachokera chikhalidwe anali wosabala. Mu m'badwo wachiwiri chosakanizika chifukwa limangolembedwa lamamatira mitundu kholo. Ndithudi, izo sizinali zotheka kukula.

mwayi asayansi

Ndi chitukuko cha chibadwa ndi kuswana akatswiri anakwanitsa adzaone zomwe kubweretsa rye ndi tirigu chonde hybrids angakhoze kokha ndi anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri pa DNA m'badwo woyamba. Pa nthawi yokonza deta izi sayansi mtundu uwu, monga chimanga, oddly mokwanira, kale. Iye ayipanga ndi German wasayansi V. Rimpau mu 1888. The anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri DNA mu hybrid analandira mwa izo zinachitika zokha.

Izi ndi mzere woyamba wa chikhalidwe chatsopano ndi mikhalidwe yapadera mu wotsatira chakula minda oposa zaka zana. Mfundo ndi iye amene ali yankho la funso triticale - ndichiyani? Ili ndi dzina zachilendo kwa mtundu watsopano, monga chimanga anali sanasankhe mwangozi. Izo zinachitika pa mbali yoyamba ya mayina Latin ya tirigu (Triti) ndi gawo lachiwiri - rye (cale).

Gawo

Panopa, kusankha ntchito ndi triticale (chithunzi cha chikhalidwe Tingaone pa tsamba) amachitika malangizo ziwiri zazikulu. Akatswiri panopa:

• kudyetsa kalasi;
• dzinthu.

The mitundu loyamba triticale anakulira earing kenako Ndimatchetcha chakudya wobiriwira ndi silage. Chinthu chapadera mitundu awa ndi wamtali.

Kukonza tirigu triticale mitundu ikuchitika mu mkaka-sera chikapsa. Zokolola chifukwa imatumizidwa mmene wamkulu pa makampani nawo ulimi wa chakudya kwa ziweto.

Mbali

Kumene, nyama husbandry si malo okha a chuma, ponena triticale. Kodi ife akupezeka. Umenewu ndi mtundu wachibadidwe latsopano mbewu, ntchito, ndithudi, n'zotheka kwa kupanga ufa. Choncho, mbali ina ya chuma, zomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito triticale, ndi adzasowa chakudya.

Nthawi zambiri izi ufa chikhalidwe ntchito Mwachitsanzo, ngati zowonjezera chifukwa adzaphika mkate wa tirigu. ntchito zake angathe kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni okhutira mu chomaliza mankhwala. Komanso, ufa triticale, yodziwika ndi katundu yeniyeni, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani Confectionery. Chifukwa chakuti ndi a gilateni zabwino kwambiri, yopangidwa kuchokera ku izo ndi muffins zabwino kwambiri, makeke ndi mapayi.

Kuwonjezera pa yomalizidwa mankhwala kukoma kwambiri ndi wokhutira mkulu wa mapuloteni mosavuta zidyeke, triticale ufa ndi ali ndi mwayi wina ofunika. Mkate, mikate, mitanda ndi zina zotero. E., wophikika ntchito yake kwa nthawi yaitali musaumitse.

Ndithu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito njere ya chikhalidwe ndi makampani moŵa. Chimera anakonza therefrom ali mkulu enzymatic ntchito. Tritikalevoe liziwawa Choncho kumasiyana penapake mdima mtundu kuposa balere, ndi mowa analandira therefrom cholimba.

Features wa kulima

Ngakhale nambala yaikulu katundu zothandiza kuzindikira mafakitale "tirigu" triticale analandira posachedwapa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mtundu uwu munda wa tirigu anakwiriridwa yekha mu 1970 ku Canada, pa US ndi Hungary. Mu USSR, triticale anayamba kukula mu 1976 (mu Ukraine).

Mwatsoka, ndondomeko kuyambitsa mbewu izi mu ulimi akadali wochedwa. Zifukwa sakuwona makamaka mavuto a kulima mbewu imeneyi. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka mitundu forage triticale.

Pa silage izi mtundu kutchetcha pa siteji ya earing - ndiko kuti, pamene kukadali ndi otsika kwambiri. Pamene mkaka-sera kukhwima chikhalidwe wakhala kwambiri tsinde, ndipo potero amchereze. Ndipo kotero kusonkhanitsa mbewu za triticale amavutika alimi. alimi ndi kulandira iskhitryatsya ndi chuma kubzala, ntchito yapadera, njira mwaukadaulo zovuta kwambiri.

Monga chimanga mitundu ya chikhalidwe monga ulemu wapadera sanalandirebe. Pankhaniyi, vuto kwenikweni kwa conservatism ndi gawo ena a alimi umbuli Russian. Alimi chabe samaona chilakolako kukula triticale. Kodi ndi iwo, kumene, iwo akudziwa. Komabe, mu chilengedwe chawo akadali ambiri amakhulupirira kuti m'badwo wachiwiri ndi unagawika triticale mitundu makolo. Popeza kuti minda izi mbewu ndi sizachilendo rye ndi tirigu mu mawonekedwe woyera.

Komabe, kugawanika, kapena ngakhale ndi pereopylilis makolo tirigu triticale simungathe ndi tanthauzo. Rye ndi tirigu m'munda wake kukula makamaka chifukwa chosintha kusanganikirana zinthu kubzala pamene kukonza. Pofuna kupewa izi zisachitike, chabe kuphatikiza bwinobwino kutsukidwa pamaso kubzala.

ubwino triticale

Mtengo wa imeneyi mitundu yatsopano monga chimanga lagona makamaka mfundo kuti Chili makhalidwe abwino a mbewu monga tirigu ndi rye. Triticale ku woyamba kholo mawonekedwe "watenga" makhalidwe osiyana tirigu, ndi pa chachiwiri - yozizira hardiness ndi kuphweka kwa kukonza. Pa zokolola ichi mbewu, chifukwa ambiri-flowered (ngati tirigu) ndi tillering (monga rye), ndi wamphamvu kuposa onse makolo mitundu.

Komanso mwayi triticale monga:

• ndi bwino anayamba mizu;
• luso kudzimvera kubereketsa zomera.

Iwo ali chikhalidwe ndi mbali ina chidwi. Iwo akhoza kukhala wamkulu m'madera ndi digiri mwachilungamo mkulu wa kuipitsidwa. chifukwa ndi losavuta. chakuti triticale nkomwe kuchotsera radionuclides nthaka.

zothandiza zimatha

Kukula mbewu imeneyi chakudya ndi chakudya makampani kuti m'pofunika kuti poyamba pa zonse chifukwa cha wokhutira mkulu mapuloteni. Mwa ichi chizindikiro triticale tirigu upambana 9,5%, ndipo balere, chimanga - 40%. Mwazina, mapuloteni chikhalidwe ichi ndi chabwino kwambiri kwa amino asidi zikuchokera.

Kuwonjezera khalidwe mapuloteni tritikalevaya ufa limapangidwa microelements zothandiza monga potaziyamu, phosphorous, mkuwa, manganese, etc. Komanso, kumaphatikizapo vitamini PP gulu B, E. thanzi katundu wa ufa limachititsa abwino kwambiri mankhwala okalamba, othamanga ndi onse amene ntchito penyani chithunzi ake.

Kuphika mankhwala othandiza angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati mafakitale komanso kunyumba. amayi ambiri zindikirani chakuti makeke, muffins, makeke ndi mabisiketi ufa analandira tritikalevoy kwambiri zobiriwira kuposa tirigu mwachizolowezi. Kumene, mukhoza uvuni izi mankhwala theka-atha ndipo scones amamwa kapena mkate. Chinthu chapadera cha mankhwala amenewa ndi zosangalatsa lokoma kukoma crumb lapansi. Koma kutumphuka ku mkate wa ufa tritikalevoy akutembenukira pang'ono akhakula ndi losweka. Choncho, kuphika maswiti onse zambiri mankhwala ntchito.

Ntchito pa ulimi

Kukhuta tirigu triticale makamaka nkhumba ndi nkhuku. Mtanda unaonetseratu chakuti m'malo 40% chakudya zawo kumawonjezera kunenepa Mwachitsanzo, nkhumba 18-30%. Popeza triticale khutu akuyamba mochedwa kwambiri, n'zotheka kuti ndigwire "zenera" pakati mowings yozizira rye ndi udzu osatha.

Ubwino wa mtundu umenewu chakudya, mwa zina, monga chakuti iye kudyedwa ndi ziweto zawo kuposa rye ndi tirigu. Zimenezi zalongosoledwa makamaka mkulu tirigu ndi wobiriwira misa triticale zinthu monga carotenoids ndi dzuwa.

Nthawi zina beveled mogwirizana earing triticale ndipo anali kudya ng'ombe. Timatha kuonjezera zokolola mkaka ndi 15-17%. Akukhulupirira kuti zopindulitsa kwa chakudya nyama ndi anasonkhana kuchokera ku minda, kumene mbeu anali wachikulire imodzi ndi vetch kapena kugwiriridwa. njira kulima zimathandiza kupeza bwino kusamala mawu a mapuloteni okhutira, mavitamini ndi mme- zinthu chakudya.

Triticale: mitundu chakula Russia ndi Ukraine

Pakuti nthawi zonse kulima chikhalidwe atsopano kudzipatula angapo mitundu yake yapamwamba-ololera. Kuti bwino monga:

• ADM 8 ndi 11.
• Kiev zernokormovoe.
• Kiev msanga.
• Valentin 90.
• Anthufe tikuvutika.
• Pachimake Odessa.

Umakopa kwambiri yozizira triticale ndi pakati kalasi wamtali Papasuevskoe, mmene ndi kukana mkulu kunyumba ndi zogwedeza. Pezani mbewu za mitundu otchuka a triticale lero ndi zovuta Intaneti. Iwo kuima pafupi 16-18 p. pa kilogalamu.