Zoyendera Air. Mitundu zoyendera mphepo. Kukula zoyendera mpweya

Kuyambira kale, anthu onse a dzikoli, yofunika kwambiri anauzidwa kuti zoyendera. Koma gawo yofanana ndi mtengo wa galimoto wakula patali. Pakali pano, kuli dziko lililonse sikutheka kulingalira popanda zoyendera amphamvu.

Yatsopano patsogolo kwa sayansi

The mzaka zana makumi awiri anawona masinthidwe zikuluzikulu zimene zachitika muzochitika zones za zochita za anthu. Izo sizinali zosiyana ndi mpweya zoyendera. chitukuko analimbikitsa kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko, kuwonjezeka mu kuchuluka kwa chuma consumable chuma, mizinda, chikhalidwe, ndale ambiri zinthu zina.

Inachitika ndi sayansi ndi luso zisinthe wakonza kusintha zoyendera mpweya osati quantitatively komanso qualitatively. Akuti nthawi zonse njira kuyenda lamunthu ndi makamaka zazikulu. Ali ngati dongosolo zothandiza mayendedwe ogula loyamba atulukira zosiyanasiyana ndi zina zomwe m'munda sayansi. Nthawi zambiri, imagwiridwa mwachindunji ndi makasitomala patsogolo pa zinthu.

N'zovuta dzina zosiyanasiyana kafukufuku, n'cholinga chinali kusintha njira zoyendera. zotsatira za kukula ndi thermodynamic ntchito ikuyendera awo. A mbali mu chitukuko zoyendera kutenga sayansi ndi masamu. Mtsikana kuthetsa mavuto okonzera ndi akatswiri asayansi ndi akatswiri a nthaka, akatswiri komanso ofufuza ena ambiri. Development zoyendera, kuphatikizapo mpweya, zimathandiza kuti zotsatira za kafukufuku ntchito imachitika m'munda wa luso lopanga ndi zitsulo, zimango structural ndi zochita zokha, astronautics poonekera.

Kufunika zochitika zina

Zinthu zamakono zoyendera mpweya ndi imodzi mwa njira kukula yachangu yoyendera. Malangizo chachikulu cha chitukuko cha chuma ndege yapachiweniweni ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri. Kukula zoyendera mphepo pa dziko lofunika. Cholinga chachikulu, amene analondola mu nkhani iyi, ndi kuonjezera buku la mayendedwe a katundu ndi anthu pa maulendo ataliatali m'madera akumidzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuchuluka amafuna zoyendera mphepo. Izo ziyenera kukhala mtengo aluso zonse, zabwino ndi otetezeka. Kuti zimenezi zitheke Pakufunika latsopano mozama zosiyanasiyana, komanso ntchito yaikulu kwambiri chitukuko.

Makamaka zoyendera mpweya

Ndege - ndi wamng'ono ndi mzere mkulu-liwiro, cholinga kukhazikitsa kulumikizana mgwirizano pakati pa zigawo zosiyana. Pa nthawi yomweyo makampani mtengo kwambiri.

Russian zoyendera mpweya - ichi ndi mbali yofunika ya dera la chuma cha dziko. Ndi kuti adampereka mankhwala ndi makalata, mafakitale ndi chakudya mankhwala ku ngodya yakutali.

Akuti ndege ndi mawonekedwe langwiro kwambiri zoyendera. Zimafunika palibe misewu ndi sakuopa zosiyanasiyana mavuto. Ndi chifukwa anthu mpweya amene wakwanitsa spacewalk.

zoyendera Air angapo ubwino. Choyamba, n'chapatali. Pamene izi zimatheka palibe see yaing'ono gulu la zoyendera anthu. Komanso, ndege zamakono amapereka flights osaima pa mtunda wautali.

Kodi ndege ntchito ndege ano?

Mitundu zoyendera mpweya, amene ntchito chuma cha dziko, osati osiyanasiyana. Mu ndege zamakono ndege ntchito kuti anali kuperekedwa zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za ndege Helicopters. Onse a iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito pochita zosiyanasiyana.

Chuma cha dziko wapatsidwa zambiri Helicopters ntchito. ndege izi kuti adzauka mu mlengalenga mpweya kudzera mwa onsewo masamba anakonza pa kutsinde choimirira. Helicopters ntchito:

- pa ntchito yomanga ndi unsembe ntchito;
- mu utumiki ukhondo ndi mankhwala;
- mu ulimi;
- yomanga mapaipi;
- kuthana ndi akutulukira moto wa m'nkhalango;
- kwa ophimba achitsulo;
- kuthandiza kufufuza za miyala;
- monga njira kuyan'anila magalimoto msewu;
- kulankhula ndi malo nyengo amene ali okwera.

Katundu zoyendera mpweya, Helicopters anapereka paki anapanga mtunda waufupi.

Mfundo ndege analowa mu mogwirizana olimbana ndi samatha mphamvu ya Nyamulani phiko.

Kusiyana ntchito

Mu ndege zamakono zotsatirazi mitundu zoyendera mpweya:

- zoyendera zonyamula;
- kwa kayendedwe ka katundu;
- Kagwiritsidwe (kuphatikiza):
- kuphunzitsa;
- wapadera cholinga (ukhondo, ziweto, moto, etc.).

panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira Izi ntchito malingana ndi gawo la ntchito, komanso cholinga cha ndegeyo.

Kusiyana magawo luso ndi ntchito

Pakuti zonyamula zoyendera mpweya ntchito, monga khalidwe ngati mphamvu. Pakuti katundu ndege mphamvu zawo zofunika. Zoyendera mpweya ophatikizana luso ndi chizindikiro ntchito ndi ndege zosiyanasiyana popanda angathe landings, komanso liwiro. Malinga ndi chithunzi atsopano komanso kusiyanitsa munthu mitundu ya ndege. Ndege liwiro kungakhale pang'onopang'ono kuposa liwiro phokoso. Palinso ndege supersonic.

kasamalidwe thupi

Transport ndi mpweya wa okwera ndi katundu ku Russia ali m'manja mwachindunji ya boma. Mu dziko muli magulu liniya ndi kasamalidwe, imayang'anira ntchito ya makampani. Pankhaniyi, aliyense kampani kulipira misonkho pa Ngopambana utumiki.

Waukulu wamkulu thupi zomwe imayang'anira zoyendera mpweya ndi Agency a Russian ndege Federal. ntchito yake yaikulu:

- makonzedwe a misonkhano kuonetsetsa uyende zoyendera mphepo;
- kupatsidwa kwa ziphatso yopemphera kuuluka pa mizere mayiko ndi zoweta;
- chitsimikizo makampani kupereka ntchito ndege;
- kuyang'aniridwa ndi ntchito ya sukulu ya makampani ndege.

Aircrew

Air magalimoto ulamuliro - si kophweka. The ndege adalira m'gulu oyendetsa ndi panyanja ndi ndege cadets a sukulu, amene ali woyenera kugwira ntchito imeneyi pa mapeto a ntchito zachipatala, ndipo akhoza kukwaniritsa udindo wawo.

Aliyense adalira pa ndege ayenera mosayang'anira kutsatira malangizo zonse zaperekedwa kwa amazilamulira ndege. Kusiya njira zimatheka ngati kumuopseza chitetezo ndi miyoyo ya anthu amene ali pa bolodi ndegeyo.

Panyanja ndi oyendetsa ayenera chikalata approvals:

- masewera ndege, amene akutsatiridwa masana kapena usiku;
- kuuluka pa masinthidwe atsopano la ndegeyo;
- kwa flights yeniyeni.

Pankhaniyi, tolerances onse ayenera kulowa mu logbook lapansi. Mosasamala kanthu za udindo, membala aliyense adalira chofunika kukayezetsa cheke pachaka pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maphunziro ndege. Pankhaniyi, zotsatira ayeneranso adalowa logbook lapansi.

Pali malamulo ndi zosangalatsa adalira zouluka ndegeyo. Choncho, tsiku mu mlengalenga zikhoza kukhala osapitirira maola khumi. ulamuliro umenewu ukupezeka kwa anthu okonza mpweya wa ndege. ndege oyeretsa ayenera kuti tsiku linamalizidwa maola oposa atatu.

chitetezo

miyezo kuonetsetsa kuti ndege sankaimira ngozi kwa zoyendera mpweya wa okwera kumwedwa. Pa nkhani imeneyi, Federal Air Transport Agency yagwiridwira loletsa kulera zakumwa pa bolodi ndege. Imakhudzanso ndege onse m'dziko.

Management wa Air Transport - Russian Aviation - limanena kuti kuopseza kwa uchigawenga pa zoyendera mphepo si mwake. Mogwirizana ndi vuto limeneli mabungwe onse okhudzana ndege boma, komanso pa ndege onse anali umalimbana lamulo, zikusonyeza kufunika litsatira miyezo ndege kupewa ngozi. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, galimotolo ali ndi ufulu kunyamula pa dzanja m'chikwama mtundu uliwonse wa madzi. lamulo limeneli likugwiranso ntchito kwa ukhondo. Iwo ayenera anaperekedwa katundu kuti ndi kufufuzidwa ntchito zida luso la kuyang'anira. Pokhapokha kuti madzi akhoza adzaikidwa pa bolodi m'ndege.

Ngati kumene galimotolo pa ndege, muyenera kukhala cholowa mankhwala, iwo angathe kuchitidwa monga mbali ya kanyumba katundu yekha atafufuza mabungwe a chitetezo a ndege.

Amenewa miyeso okwera kuchitira mozindikira, chifukwa iwo anatengedwa kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ndege.