Zoti leukocytes mu magazi. mawu olembedwa

Palibe nkomwe munthu amene kamodzi pa moyo wake sanali pobwezera atayezetsa. Aliyense momvetsa bwino ndondomeko imeneyi, koma kumasulira zotsatira za kuwunika, amadziwika yekha ku bwalo yopapatiza ya anthu. Decoding wa leukocytes mu magazi, maselo ofiira, mu hemoglobin ndi hematocrit zingaoneke ngati ntchito yosavuta, koma izi palibe lalikulu zambiri.

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri mu kusanthula magazi - chiwerengero cha maselo oyera - mapuloteni kuti kuteteza thupi. Izi maselo oyera bwanji chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi kulamulira chiwerengero chawo n'zogwirizana ndi mtima kuthana ndi matenda makamaka. Ndicho chifukwa chake mtengo wa leukocytes mu magazi chofunika kudziwa lililonse. Taganizirani chizindikiro ichi mwatsatanetsatane.

General mudziwe leukocytes

Leukocytes (woyera maselo a mwazi, kapena maselo oyera (WBC)) - gulu la maselo mu thupi la munthu, omwe amatuluka mu mfundo za lymph ndi mafupa. Ntchito yawo yaikulu - polimbana kuwonongeka minofu ndi matenda. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina michere wapadera leukocytes akhoza kumumanga ndi kuvutika ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mankhwala awo kagayidwe kachakudya, ena - kubala chitetezo kuti kuwononga maselo yachilendo. Akuti wamba leukocytes mu magazi - WBC.

Aberration

Mtengo wa woyera magazi selo - muyeso wa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Nthaŵi zambiri, WBC nambala wathanzi munthu atayezetsa, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu, ayenera kukhala mkati 4-9x10 ^9.

Kuwonjezeka chiwerengero cha leukocytes otchedwa leukocytosis. Dziwani kuti kusiyanitsa thupi ndi pathological leukocytosis. Ndipo ngati chifukwa cha choyamba kungakhale maganizo wabwinobwino, kusuta, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya chakudya zoipa, komanso mimba ndi kubereka, wachiwiri akupezeka maziko otaya matenda (mwachitsanzo, sepsis, chibayo, matenda oumitsa khosi, pyelonephritis).

Ngati chiwerengero cha WBC M'malo mwake utachepa (leukopenia), izo zikusonyeza kuti anali ndi njala ya chitetezo cha m'thupi. Leukopenia akhoza anaona pa otaya mu thupi la matenda ena tizilombo (katsabola, chikuku, fuluwenza mitundu ina) komanso pa phwando mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, antivirals, analgesics).

mitundu ya leukocytosis

Malinga mtundu wa leukocytosis m'pofunika mosiyana kutanthauzira zotsatira za decoding mtengo wa leukocytes mu magazi. Ngati kuwonjezeka woyera achiyesa maselo a magazi si limodzi ndi zizindikiro zokhudza thupi matenda (thupi leukocytosis), ndiye musati mudandaule za zotsatira za kuwunika. Pankhaniyi, wbc kubwerera mwakale pambuyo thupi ikutha kuchita chinthu n'zothandiza kuwonjezeka mu woyera achiyesa maselo a magazi. Ngati, leukocytosis ndi pathological, m'pofunika kuchita bwinobwino, izi chizindikiro cha matenda m'malo oopsa. Mwachitsanzo, pa maziko a aakulu trailing leukocytosis mwina khansa (kusalankhula kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera), imene maselo oyera Kusiya ntchito zake.

WBC. mawu olembedwa

Pali mitundu isanu ya maselo oyera. Zoti leukocytes mu magazi mawu mosiyanasiyana awo anatcha leukocyte chilinganizo. Malinga ndi iye, ndicho chiŵerengero njila ya maselo oyera, angathe kudziwa chikhalidwe cha ndondomeko yotupa chimene chimachitika m'thupi la wodwalayo.

Mtheradi leukocyte zili (mawu a mitundu yeniyeni) pa wagawo mphamvu zambiri anatsimikiza mfundo: A (%) * WBC (109 / L) / 100, kumene A (%) zikutanthauza kugawana ena mawonekedwe leukocyte mwa chiwerengero cha corpuscles woyera mu kuchuluka mawonekedwe, ndi WBC (109 / l) - chiwerengero cha leukocytes m'magazi.

Fomu ya maselo oyera. neutrophils

Norma neutrophils (wamkulu) - 48-78%. Ichi ndi gulu loyamba ndi waukulu wa maselo a mwazi mitundu woyera. Kuchuluka kwa zimakhala izi anaikira mu WBC mu zofufuza magazi ranges kuchokera 50-70% ya chonse pamodzi. Iwo makamaka kugwera mu matumba a kutupa ndi kuyesa kuwononga tizilombo zoipa. Komanso neutrophils ndi zokometsera waukulu poizoni ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono. Pamaso pa matenda chiwerengero cha leukocytes mitundu kukwera kwa nthawi 10. Pankhaniyi, wbc adzakhala ndi kosangalatsa kumanzere.

eosinophils

Eosinophils - wachiwiri nkhungu leukocytes mosalekeza opangidwa mu mafupa a anthu, kuchuluka kwawo ndi ku 1 peresenti 5 okwana WBC. Pambuyo kusasitsa wathunthu wa leukocytes mtundu masamba mafupa ndipo adagwidwa ndi m'thupi mu zimakhala, makamaka mapapo, m'mimba thirakiti khungu, anayamba kuwononga gulu lina kumene mapuloteni chamoyo.

Kuwonjezeka fomu iyi mayeso WBC magazi (eosinophilia) nkwa kulimbitsa maphunziro awo ndipo amasonyeza kuti thupi anayamba mwachangu kudziteteza mapuloteni yachilendo kulowa magazi. Childs, eosinophilia osauka ndi matenda awo sagwirizana kapena ingestion wa helminth mphutsi.

A kuchepa kwa eosinophils mu magazi (hypoeosinophilia) kapena mofulumira wawo wonse zingaoneke m'kati mwa matenda pafupifupi onse pachimake matenda. Zikamera wa mtundu uwu wa maselo a mwazi woyera pambuyo ajombera pomaliza amasonyeza zizindikiro choyamba cha kuchira.

Wakudziko wa eosinophils (wamkulu) - 0.5-5%.

basophils

Osachepera n'zosangalatsa kumva mawonekedwe a maselo oyera - ndi basophils. Iwo mbali yofunika kwambiri pa zochitika komwe thupi limapeza allergen. Ngati basophil amazindikira izo, akuyamba kugwetsa, kumasuka mu mwazi wa zinthu biologically yogwira amene amayambitsa zizindikiro matenda (matupi awo sagwirizana anachita).

Basophilia - ndondomeko za kuwonjezeka leukocytes izi. Izi lililonse zimene thupi mu chikhalidwe matupi awo sagwirizana kapena chizindikiro cha matenda monga katsabola. misinkhu apamwamba maselo oyera ndi mbali khalidwe la chiyambi cha msambo ndi ovulation mu akazi.

Pakalibe basophils ku mfundo chithandizo cha chilibe phindu matenda ndi bazopeniya si n'komwe mu matenda matenda ndi kutanthauzira kwa leukocyte.

Norma basophils akuluakulu - 0-1%.

monocytes

Monocytes - waukulu mawonekedwe a maselo oyera. Ntchito yawo yaikulu - pamodzi ndi neutrophils kulimbana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo yachilendo. Koma ngati kukula kwa monocyte kwambiri, amakhala ndi kuwononga zoipa thupi wautali kuposa neutrophils.

Kuzindikiritsidwa ndi zoti leukocytes mu magazi a mtundu uwu - ndithu ndondomeko zofunika, chifukwa milingo apamwamba monocytes ndi umboni mwachindunji matenda monga matenda mononucleosis, ndi ajombera - pa otaya mu thupi aakulu yotupa ndi opatsirana matenda, kuphatikizapo mafupa.

Wakudziko wa monocytes (wamkulu) - 3-11%.

lymphocytes

mayunitsi Ofunika kumanga chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi lymphocytes - mtundu wina wa maselo oyera. Iwo anapanga mu ndulu, ndi mafupa, ndi ndipo umasamutsidwa mwachindunji mu magazi ndi lymph kachitidwe, amene amachita kuzindikira thupi yachilendo Antigen ntchito, ndi chimene iwo naye. Izi katundu wapadera wa lymphocytes kulenga zimene tikudziwa monga chitetezo chokwanira pa matenda kale ofalitsidwa.

Lymphocytes ndi a mitundu itatu: T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes ndi NK lymphocytes. Woyamba ndi udindo chitetezo chokwanira selo nkhoswe, kupanga oteteza kapena kupereka chachiwiri otchedwa chitetezo chokwanira humoral. NK-maselo akuwononga maselo chake pa nkhani ya zolembera matenda anali atazindikira padziko.

Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha maselo oyera amene amapanga amatchedwa lymphocytosis ndipo kuchepa - lymphopenia. Mu chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti leukocyte udindo, pakalibe ululu wa kupatuka matenda kuchokera ponseponse wa lymphocytes si zoipa. Zoti leukocytes mu kusanthula magazi a yachigawo mawonekedwe mitundu zokwanira sitepe lofunika decoding leukocyte.

Norma lymphocytes (wamkulu) - 25-40%.

Dziwani kuti malamulo mitundu yonse ya maselo oyera zaperekedwa kwa akulu. Ana, malingana ndi msinkhu, manambala awa ndi tanthauzo losiyana.

Mwachionekere, kumvetsa mmene woyera maselo magazi anasonyeza mu kusanthula ambiri a magazi ndi chiyani manambala patsogolo pa chizindikiro ichi si zovuta. Musanyalanyaze maluso awa ndi ntchito thanzi lawo. Komanso sayenera kumenya kudzipatsa matenda ndi kudzikonda chithandizo, ngati yekha katswiri wodziwa kungomuwona anaika mankhwala woyenera ndi kuteteza wodwalayo mavuto zina.