Zopezera zomangamanga. Kapangidwe ka zopezera deta HIV ndi zipangizo

Lero, mfundo mogwirizana maukonde n'zosadabwitsa. Komabe, ambiri a ife pa kutchulidwa kwa iwo ankaganiza zambiri zimene zimapanga kugwirizana monga maukonde ndi utumiki ntchito. Tiyeni tiyese lingalirani mu chidule, chifukwa cha kulumikiza ndi kuthekera kwawo m'dziko masiku ano mukhoza kulemba ndi monograph lonse.

Network zomangamanga: mitundu yaikulu ya

Choncho motere kuchokera kutanthauzira zofunika akuti, kulumikiza kompyuta ndi zina nambala ya malo (ma PC, Malaputopu, mafoni zipangizo) cholukanalukana kuti zoona, ndipamene Intaneti.

Pakali pano, pali mitundu iwiri chachikulu cha kugwirizana: basi anatumizanso lamya ndi opanda zingwe ntchito mogwirizana kudzera rauta monga Wi-Fi-rauta. Koma ichi ndi nsonga ya madzi oundana a. Ndipotu Kamangidwe maukonde zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zingapo, choncho angathe kukhala ndi gulu osiyana. Akukhulupirira kuti nthawi pali mitundu itatu ya Intaneti:

• kusuzumiramo Intaneti;
• Network ndi maseva odzipereka;
• Intaneti hybrid omwe mitundu yonse ya mfundo.

Komanso, gulu osiyana ukufalitsidwa, padziko lonse, m'dera, boma, Intaneti payekha, ndi mitundu ina. Tiyeni akukhala pa mfundo zofunika kwambiri.

Kufotokozera za mitundu Intaneti

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi maukonde pa maziko a kugwirizana, "khamu kwa maukonde kasitomala." Monga momveka bwino, pali malo lalikulu chimakwirira osachiritsika chapakati, amene anapanga kasamalidwe maukonde ndi zigawo zake zonse. malo kasitomala zitha kutumiza zopempha kugwirizana m'tsogolo - kudziŵa. The osachiritsika chachikulu maukonde sungasewere udindo wa makina kasitomala.

Intaneti anzanu, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Kuyang'anitsitsa, wosiyana yoyamba mu zinthu zimene mofanana anagawira pakati malo onse zikugwirizana. Chitsanzo yosavuta tinganene kuti ndondomeko otsitsira owona ntchito mitsinje. Chithunzi yomaliza zonse kapena pang'ono yodzaza monga akhale pa malo osiyana. dongosolo wosuta, ndi yodzaza pa kompyuta, pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonse alipo panopa pa maukonde download mbali ya wapamwamba. The zambiri, ndi apamwamba mlingo wa jekeseni. Mugulu izi polankhula si kofunika. The chikhalidwe chachikulu ndicho kuti makina kasitomala wakhala anaika mapulogalamu yoyenera. Ndi chifuniro kupanga zopempha kasitomala.

Kamangidwe ka "kasitomala-Seva" ndilo losavuta. Kugwirizana pakati pa malo a kompyuta (zilibe njira chifukwa amapangidwa) kumvetsetsa zinthu zosavuta akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati laibulale chochezera, amene ali sitolo kapena bookshelves (chapakati Seva) ndi matebulo komwe alendo akhoza onani nkhani otengedwa maalumali.

N'zoonekeratu kuti pali kugwirizana bwino: mlendo adza kwa laibulale wolembedwa kapena idalembetsedwa kale deta (maukonde chizindikiritso pa maziko a anatumizidwa IP-maadiresi), kenako amafufuza zofunika mabuku (kafufuzidwe maukonde) potsiriza akutenga bukhu ndipo akuwerengabe.

Mwachibadwa, kufanana ndi wosazindikira kwambiri, chifukwa Intaneti masiku ano zambiri zovuta. Komabe, kwa kumvetsa kosavuta kwa kapangidwe ka chitsanzo ichi kupsa mwangwiro.

Mafunso malo chizindikiritso

Tsopano mawu ochepa bwanji kutulutsa kuzindikira zopezera makompyuta a mtundu uliwonse. Ngati munthu sadziwa osachiritsika iliyonse pamene inu kulumikiza amagwira ntchito ziwiri Mtundu IP-adiresi, kapena, koposa chabe, wapadera dzina: mkati ndi kunja. Internal adiresi silili. Koma kunja IP - inde. Mu dziko palibe makina awiri ndi IP chomwecho. Izi n'zimene zimathandiza kudziwa chida chilichonse, kaya ndi osachiritsika kompyuta kapena foni bwino.

Chifukwa cha zonsezi limafanana ndi protocol yoyenera. Panopa ambiri ndi ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi IPv4. Komabe, ikusonyeza kumapeto, iye kale atha yokha, ngati wakhala analephera kupereka adiresi wapadera mogwirizana ndi chiwerengero kuchuluka kwa zipangizo kasitomala. Tangoonani zida m'manja, chifukwa pa khumi zapitazi lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri kuti pafupifupi munthu wachiwiri dziko ali nazo ake chimodzimodzi foni.

The protocol IPv6

Motero, onsewo zomangamanga wa maukonde, makamaka Internet, ayamba kusintha. Ndipo m'malo Baibulo chachinayi anabwera chimodzi (IPv6). Adakali osiyanasiyana kwambiri ofunsira sanalandire Koma ankati, tsogolo sali kutali, ndipo posakhalitsa pafupifupi utumiki wosamalira onse kupereka telefoni, izo kusuntha kwa protocol (phunziro kwa kupezeka kwa yogwira DHCP Seva ya Baibulo chimodzi).

Nokha, chifukwa ndi protkola izi potipatsa 128-bit buku adiresi limakupatsani maadiresi kwambiri kuposa ntchito Baibulo chachinayi.

maseva odzipereka

Tsopano tikambirane Seva wodzipereka. Chikhazikitso odziwikiratu: iwo anapangidwa kuti ena ntchito yeniyeni. Ziri kulankhula, izi ndi mtundu weniweni wa pafupifupi Intaneti Seva, kwathunthu wokwatibwa ndi wosuta, amene amatenga izo. Ili ndi tanthauzo la ukonde kuchititsa, pamene mwiniwake wa gwero waukulu Podcasts akhoza adzaikidwa pa malo wodzipereka ndi mfundo iliyonse.

Komanso, chifukwa chitetezo cha lendi si udindo, ndicho amene rents Seva danga renti. Zitsanzo za maseva ngati zingachititse ndithu kwambiri. Ndiye inu ndi makalata, ndi masewera, kugawana file, ndipo masamba munthu (osati kusokonezedwa ndi nkhani pa Intaneti ndi mautumiki a mtundu), ndipo kwambiri.

Intaneti m'dera Area

Local maukonde dera, kapena ngati amangonena kuti, "lokalku", anakonza kaphatikizidwe mu umodzi wa owerengeka malo. LAN Zomangamanga mawu a malumikizidwe, monga kale bwino, ndipo mwina kugwirizana yikidwa mawaya, ndi VPN mwayi mtundu. M'nkhani ino ndiponso mulandu wina, pamafunika kugwirizana kwa woyang'anira mbuye Seva. Network Services mu nkhani iyi, umagwira ntchito mode wapawiri: zodziwikiratu chizindikiritso (adiresi ntchito iliyonse makina) kapena Buku athandizira.

Intaneti m'dera Local, mfundo, ndi chizindikiro cha chomwe chokha chakuti osachiritsika chilichonse kulembetsa (amene safunika Mwachitsanzo, pachinzawo Intaneti) , ndi Seva chapakati (kuphatikiza boma). Komanso mwayi kwa "rassharennye" mudziwe ikhoza kukhala zonse kapena zochepa. Izi zidalira pa zoikamo. Komabe, ngati inu mutayang'ana ngakhale pa otchedwa ntchito mtambo, iwo Kwenikweni, nayenso, ndi maukonde pafupifupi, pamene owerenga amene wotsimikiziridwa ndi kulandira ufulu kupeza zina zambiri, download kapena Sinthani owona, ndi zina zotero. D. Pa yemweyo nthawi zina amapereka kusintha munthawi yomweyo nkhani file mu nthawi yeniyeni.

Kamangidwe Intaneti: pang'ono za mbiri

Pomaliza, tipite maukonde, omwe lero ndi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Kumene, ndi Internet kapena World Lonse Web. World ukonde lonse amaona kuti kukhala zinachitika wa ARPANET - kulankhulana anayamba zolinga asilikali mu United States mu 1969. Ndiye, komabe wayesedwa kugwirizana pakati pa mfundo ziwiri, koma nthawi kulumikiza kwa maukonde ntchito chingwe anapezeka ngakhale ndi malo mu UK.

Only kwambiri kenako, pamene panali chizindikiritso zochokera TCP / IP protocol ndi dongosolo ntchito mayina ankalamulira, ndipo panali lero timatcha Internet.

Ambiri, akukhulupirira kuti pa Intaneti palibe umodzi chapakati Seva kumene mfundo onse akhoza kusungidwa. Inde, lero, ndi abulusa litayamba mphamvu kulibe. mfundo zonse ndi anagawira mwa masauzande maseva payekha a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'mawu ena, Internet mwina mofanana zikutheka anzawo, ndi zopezera wosakanizidwa. Ndi zonsezi pa makina limodzi, inu mukhoza kulenga ukonde anu Seva, umene kusamalira osati zoikamo maukonde kapena kusunga mfundo zimene muyenela, komanso kupanga imeneyi kwa anthu enanso. Kufalitsa Wi-Fi - kuposa ndi chitsanzo chosavuta?

magawo Basic ndi zoikamo

Koma magawo ndi makonda, zonse ndi yosavuta. Monga ulamuliro, kulowa Buku maukonde IP, DNS kapena tidzakulowereni maseva kwa nthawi yaitali si ntchito. M'malo mwake, ISP aliyense amapereka basi kuzindikira kompyuta kapena foni mu maukonde.

M'magulu kulumikiza makondawa chapangidwa kudzera katundu maukonde ndi kusankha IPv4 magawo (kapena, ngati akuthamanga, IPv6) Windows ofotokoza. Monga ulamuliro, mu zoikamo kwambiri monga phwando maadiresi basi, amene kumatha deta Buku kulowa. Komabe, nthawi zina, makamaka pamene atakhala ndi RDP-kasitomala (mwayi kutali) kapena amapereka mwayi zina zapadera, Buku deta kulowa chofunika.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, kumvetsa zimene mamangidwe a maukonde, ambiri, zovuta si. Kwenikweni, apa takambirana mbali chabe yaikulu ya gulu la intaneti kufotokozera aliyense, ngakhale munthu wosadziwa wosuta funso limeneli, choncho kulankhula pa zala. Mu Kunena zoona, ndi zambiri zovuta, chifukwa ife sitimanga anakhudza mfundo maseva DNS, tidzakulowereni, DHCP, amapambana, ndi zina zotero. E., komanso nkhani zokhudzana mapulogalamu. Zikuoneka kuti izi mudziwe kochepa zokwanira kumvetsa kapangidwe ndi mfundo za uziyenda Intaneti ya mtundu uliwonse.