Live katemera: maonekedwe, mitundu, dzuwa ndi ntchito

Pangani chitetezo chokwanira yogwira ndi matenda ena aakulu amathandiza katemera. Panopa, njira imeneyi chimatengedwa ngati yabwino kwambiri kupewa chitukuko cha pathologies zosiyanasiyana za matenda lolemera, bakiteriya ndi chikhalidwe tizilombo. Katemera moyo zimathandiza kuti chitetezo chokwanira okhalitsa. Izi makamaka kukonzekera Fomu Katemera ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa chimene aliyense ayenera tikuyidziwa.

Kodi katemera moyo?

Kulenga katemera moyo ntchito tizilombo ta attenuated wa zamoyo tizilombo zomwe kuyamba zikupitiriza pa malo a jekeseni. njira imeneyi mokwanira kusunga katundu wawo immunogenic. Matenda mawonetseredwe a Katemera wa matenda ndi katemera moyo si (nthawi zambiri). matenda katemera kumabweretsa mapangidwe a kokhazikika chitetezo: ndi humoral, ma ndi secretory.

Pezani wofooka (attenuated) ta mwina chifukwa inactivation la jini kuti ndi amene virulence wa bakiteriya a. Pakuti inactivation ntchito zotsatira mankhwala ndi thupi. Ambiri katemera moyo amatuluka mu mawonekedwe youma. Izi zimathandiza kuwonjezera moyo wawo alumali. Zouma katemera moyo zikhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi yoposa 12 pa kutentha anapatsidwa (2-8 ° C). nthaŵi zina zokwanira kuti atchule mankhwala kamodzi kulenga chitetezo chokwanira chosatha.

A zosiyanasiyana katemera moyo ndi divergent katemera. Mu kupanga pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo zomwe zikugwirizana kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda matenda, koma angathe kuchititsa matenda. Chitsanzo cha katemera ngati - BCG, izo ndi kuwapeza mycobacteria Bovine TB.

ubwino

Poyerekeza ndi katemera si amoyo, mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ta attenuated ndi zinthu zambiri:

• Mlingo osachepera mankhwala.
• Rapid chitukuko cha chitetezo chokwanira.
• Kukhala njira zosiyanasiyana kuyambitsa mu chamoyo.
• Zolemba malire zachilengedwe immunogenicity.
• Mkulu Mwachangu (ngati ntchito molondola).
• Low mtengo.
• Palibe ziwalo za mchere; kutetezera.
• Kutsegula kwa mitundu yonse ya chitetezo chokwanira.

The kuipa katemera moyo

Malinga ndi akatswiri attenuated tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti ntchito kulenga katemera zomwe zingachititse chitukuko cha matenda (kawirikawiri chimachitika). Izi zimachitika ndi kukhalapo mu chitetezo chokwanira mtima chakhungu.

Katemera moyo amakhudzidwa kwambiri kusintha kutentha. Choncho, anachita zoipa thupi pafupifupi mosalephera ngati chosasamala anapangidwa pa yosungirako lolondola ndi mayendedwe a mankhwala. Komanso asokoneza kotero katemera sangathe kwathunthu kutaya luso osati chifukwa alibiretu anachita chamoyo.

Madokotala amalangiza kupewa kaphatikizidwe katemera moyo ndi mankhwala ena kumezetsanitsa. Apo ayi mukhoza kukhala zosiyanasiyana chokhwima wa chamoyo kapena wothandizila adzautaya nchito zake.

Katemera moyo ndi poliyo

Aakulu nthenda ndi poliyo, kumene kumakhudza ubongo ndi msana. The kudwala kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ndipo ziwalo. Mu zaka za m'ma watha, kukhala moyo katemera (OPV) anayamba kupanga asayansi, wokhoza kuteteza anthu ku matenda oopsa.

Njira alembedwe madzi ndi cholinga cha utsogoleli m'kamwa. Iwo ali owawa mchere kukoma, kotero pa akhala akutayirapo dothi ndi akulangizidwa kuti musayandikire mankhwala pa lilime. Mankhwala ayenera kupita amygdala (palibe masamba kukoma), limene limayamba mapangidwe dongosolo khola m'thupi. Katemera ndi katemera moyo tikulimbikitsidwa akachoka inactivated.

Malinga ndi ndemanga immunologists katemera lili zonse zitatu poliyo, amene amathandiza kuteteza thupi ndi yofanana zonse zodziwika za matenda. Zovuta mankhwala ali osowa kwambiri. Komabe, makolo ambiri kupewa katemera mwana katemera uyu.

Kodi ntchito?

Sabin katemera (OPV) atachita thupi kalekale kusungidwa mu intestine ndipo amachititsa mapangidwe chitetezo chokwanira, ngati wina amene akanati atamwalira matenda. The katemera woyamba ikuchitika pa zaka miyezi 6. Pre-aang'ono katemera ndi katemera inactivated kawiri - mu miyezi 3 ndi 4.5. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, tiyenera kuyamba umatulutsa mankhwala akupha amatha kuzindikira ndi kuteteza thupi ndi tizilomboto lapansi. Live katemera wa poliyo kumapangitsa yopanga interferon, amenenso ali ndi ubwino chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Reviews

Pa kafukufuku chinapezeka kuti kwambiri efficiently inactivated katemera OPV. Madokotala amalangiza kuvomerezedwa pochitika chiwembu zonse za katemera ndi poliyo ndi kufunika kokhala moyo attenuated katemera. Pa nthawi yomweyo makolo pachangu palibe kugwirizana za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Ichi ndi chifukwa ngozi ya mavuto: katemera-kugwirizana poliyo, malungo, kutsegula mpando wake, imfa ya kumverera mu nthambi, gait chisokonezo.

Inde, ntchito ya katemera moyo imfayo zosiyanasiyana chokhwima. Komabe, Zikatero kawirikawiri olembedwa. Angakhudzidwe ana amabadwa ndi immunodeficiency, kobadwa nako kuvutika pa mundawo m'mimba kapena m'mene wofooka chitetezo Mwachitsanzo pambuyo akudwala matenda aakulu. Mu milandu, analoledwa ntchito kokha katemera inactivated.

Kodi kuteteza ndi chikuku?

Chikuku ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri, umene ukhoza kachilombo ndi munthu aliyense, kaya jenda ndi zaka. Monga mwana, kudwala ndi anasamutsidwa zosavuta. Kupanga chitetezo chokwanira adzakhala katemera chikuku. Katemera Single-chigawo opangidwa ndi Mlengi zoweta. Wogwira imatengedwa Indian anapanga katemera.

Kumatanthauza opangidwa mu mawonekedwe a ufa wouma, amene wasukuluka ndi zosungunulira wapadera. Wokonzeka katemera akhoza kusungidwa zosaposa ora. Katemera ndi katemera monovalent chindiletsa matenda a matenda, kapena kusamutsa mu njila yosavuta.

Anakonza katemera chachikulu chimasonyeza pa zaka miyezi 12-14. Re-kulowa katemera ayenera zaka 6. Pali kuthekera kwa inoculation munthu ndandanda, omwe apange immunologist.

Contraindications ndi mavuto

Pafupipafupi anakwiya ndi utsogoleli wa katemera moyo chikuku ndi zizindikiro monga malungo, tizilonda ta pakhungu, kutupa mwanabele, chifuwa. Akatswiri amanena kuti si mchitidwe wachibadwa.

Ana, zizindikiro ndi zachilendo. Kwenikweni, mawu oyamba a moyo katemera chikuku bwino analekerera. Pamaso katemera n'kofunika, adokotala mwana (wamkulu mtima) ndipo analetsa pamaso pa contraindications (okhazikika ndi osakhalitsa). Nkofunika kuti munthu anali ndi zoyenera. Katemerayu saloledwa kulowa akazi mu malo a anthu ndi mbiri ya TB ndi mavuto chifukwa cha katemera m'mbuyomu.

Katemera ndi chikuku

matenda ena ana, umene ndi kovuta kunyamula wamkulu ndi chikuku. Katemera (moyo) imatengedwa njira yothandiza kwambiri yopewera matenda. makamaka choopsa kudwala ndi pakati.

Live katemera (chimodzi chigawo) opangidwa ku Croatia, French ndi Indian akatswiri. Malinga ndi mavuto ndemanga zambiri zimachitika achikulire amene katemera katemera attenuated. A kuwonjezeka pang'ono mu lymph mfundo, kufooka, malungo, zotupa pa khungu yachitika pa tsiku lachiwiri.

Anthu sachedwa yatsoka mosiyanasiyana kwambiri matupi awo sagwirizana, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuyang'anira akatswiri pambuyo utsogoleli.