Zooneka acuity - kodi mankhwalawa?

N'zosatheka Musaone kufunika kwa masomphenya kwa munthuyo. Ndi izo, ife tikufika gawo la mikango zambiri zokhudza zinthu wotizungulira. Kangapo takumana ndi kufunika phunziro la acuity zithunzi, kuyambira ana aang'ono yopemphera kwa sukulu ya mkaka ndi sukulu, ndi chipangizo omaliza pa ntchito zachipatala ntchito ndi ofesi usilikali kapena laisensi.

Mu ofesi ya maso ndi onani makhalidwe osiyana diso, kuphatikizapo acuity zithunzi. Ndondomeko amatchedwa visometry. njira zachokera ntchito matebulo wapadera lokhala khalidwe limene anapereka kwa wodwala kuganizira mtunda wina. Mu Russia miyezo mamita 5. Mu mankhwala, zithunzi acuity - luso kuona ndi kusiyanitsa awiri chinthu pafupi. The m'chigulugulu ndi pamene munthu akhoza kuwona patali mamita angapo mfundo ziwiri, ndi mtunda pakati pa iwo ndi 1,45 mm.

zithunzi ngodya

Izo zimatengera kukula mwina zinthu zimene pafupi osiyana, mfundo ziwiri si zinaphatikizidwa. chinthu chimodzi Tingaone ndi diso m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Izo zimatengera mtunda: ndi amachepetsa ngodya zake maganizo wochuluka, choncho kukula fano diso. Izi kumuuza maso. Pa phwando, mudzakhala inu tanthauzo la acuity zithunzi. deta onse alembedwa mbiri ya zachipatala.

Sharpness ndiyo ngodya zing'onozing'ono view pa zimene mwina akadali kufupi ndi mfundo zina za view payokha. tanthauzo limeneli la kusalekerera anaonekera zaka 200 zapitazo. Izo ntchito mankhwala amakono kutali. Kuchokera pa mosiyana kukopedwa ndi English wasayansi Robert Hooke, tebulo ya German maso Snellen anayamba kupanga. Doctor wa ponseponse thupi Chofanana 100% masomphenya, analandira view ngodya wofanana digiri imodzi.

Snellen tebulo tichipeza mizere 11. Pamwamba ndi lalikulu likulu kalata kusambira pansi amachepetsa zina kukula. mayeso diso anachita pa mtunda wa mamita 6. Calculated sharpness motere: chiwerengero cha mapazi makalata - ndi numerator, ndi chimene chachititsa - mtunda kuti imatengedwa woyenera kwambiri kuliwerenga m'nkhaniyi.

mayeso Diso kulipira Sivtsev

Aliyense wa ife akukumbukira Sivtseva tebulo mu ofesi ya maso, chimene ntchito ndi madokotala Russian. chida ichi yosavuta akadali otchuka kwambiri. Table Sivtseva - ndi mizere 12 ndi makalata amene amakhala akuluakulu ndi aliyense ulusi motsatizana yafupika. Wodwala pa phwando amaona otchulidwa yekha. Ndipotu pa tebulo ndi thandizo makalata. Mwachitsanzo, «D» kumanzere zikusonyeza mtunda umene munthu ayenera kusiyanitsa zizindikiro. Pakuti mzere pansi mamita 2.5 kwa pamwamba - kawiri. Kumanja kalata «V» anati zithunzi acuity mu mayunitsi pamene kuwerenga mamita 5:

• kumaoneka osiyanasiyana pansipa - 2.0;
• looneka kokha chapamwamba mzere - 0,1;
• mzera uliwonse chakhumi limaonekera kuchokera pa mtunda wa mamita 5 - 1.0 (yachibadwa masomphenya).

Zooneka acuity - Njira imeneyi kungakhale kuposa ponseponse wa 1.2 kuti 3,0. Mu zochitika pathological, myopia, hyperopia, mathithi, astigmatism, khungu sharpness akhoza kugwa kwa 0.4 ndi 0,05. Chachikulu kusiyana ndi mtunda limene munthu angathe kuona bwinobwino chinthu. Tiyeni tinene, pamene zithunzi acuity wa 1.0, mukhoza kuona chiwerengero galimoto ku mamita 40, ndi index wa 0.4 - 16 m, kenanso, mwinamwake manambala makalata kuphatikiza.

Ngati acuity zithunzi adakulabe mu tsiku ndi tsiku phindu moyo kuchokera zodabwitsazi pang'ono. Madalaivala kuona zizindikiro zoyambirira ndi zinthu zina, koma luso la anthu awa sali osiyana anthu ndi masomphenya yachibadwa.

Table Orlova

Ntchito oterewa ana omwe sangathe kuwerenga. Apa, m'malo mwa makalata kusindikizidwa fano. Mfundo ntchito ndi chimodzimodzi tebulo Sivtseva - mzere kukula amachepetsa downwardly. Ngati mwana alibe kuzindikira zilembo kuchokera pa mtunda wa mamita 5, kotero zithunzi acuity ndi otsika. Mu nkhani iyi, examinee kubweretsa ku gome pa mapazi awiri, mpaka iye adzaitana mzere pamwamba pa fano molondola. kutsimikiza malamulo:

1. The mkulu mlingo zounikira (700 lux).
2. Anayamba kuphunzira diso lako lakumanja, wachiwiri - kumanzere.
3. maso alibe zazhmurivayutsya ndi kubisa kumbuyo khumudwitsidwa ndi.
4. Mu mizere 1-3 cha zolakwa n'zosayenera. C 4-6 mizere - kulakwitsa kumodzi. C 7-10 awiri kuloledwa.
5. Pa kuonera chizindikiro chapadera osati masekondi oposa atatu.

Chepetsani ndi imathandizira zithunzi acuity optotypes thandizo projectors. Ukulu okhota wa chizindikiro adzazibweza, kaya mtunda chophimba akhala sichinasinthe. Nkofunika kuti wodwalayo ndi unit pa chophimba pa mtunda wofanana.

Kudziwa acuity zithunzi odwala chigonere, tebulo wapadera ndi kuchita masamu pa mtunda wa masentimita 33 kwa diso. Control pano ndi kuona zizindikiro yekha ndi ufulu kuwerenga yaing'ono lemba ndi lemba pa mtunda kumene kuphunzira zinachitikadi.

Kodi maso ndi mmene ntchito?

Zooneka acuity - lodabwitsali mgwirizano maso, maganizo ndi ubongo. Akuluakulu ndi zovuta limagwirira wa nkhani imvi, kupereka kutengerapo, processing ndi kutanthauzira kwa mudziwe ukubwera kuchokera limba zithunzi, silinafike afufuza mpaka tsopano. Tikuyankhula zokhudza zinthu wapadera - kugwira ntchito kwa diso limodzi ndi chikumbumtima. Amapita pambali, mmwamba ndi pansi, kutipatsa mwachidule yotakata pazipita lapansi.

Yerekezerani diso ntchito ndi kamera, iwo ntchito kwambiri, si zoona. Inde, zinthu zooneka ndi chiwalo - kuipidwa dongosolo kuwala, wopangidwa mwa diso, ndi mandala, vitreous thupi ndi chinyezi. Komabe, zipangizo kuwala chabe kuchotsa chifanizirocho filimu, ndipo anthu kuzindikira kumenya pa diso mfundo ndi, kuyambira kuchita izi.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Za maso ndi zambiri zosangalatsa kuti sitingathe kudziwa:

• Tsiku lililonse maola 12 pa kuphethira munthu amathera mphindi 25.
• Myopia - matenda Japanese. otchulidwa Kanji zazindikirika kovuta, choncho ngati muli ndi kuwerenga nthawi yaitali kukonza diso pa mtunda waufupi. Iwo zake maso.
• Akhanda anayamba zimaphethira ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi zakubadwa.
• Aliyense chibadwire buluu imvi maso. Zaka ziwiri zokha kenako ikugulitsidwa mtundu weniweni.
• % 2 okha a anthu pansi ndi maso obiriwira.
• Chitsanzo cha Iris diso anthu, komanso zala, ndi wapadera. Pa n'zothekanso kudziwa munthu.
• Munthu 150 akulankhula mokalipa lililonse atumwi.
• Ndi maso otseguka sudzatha kuyetsemula.

Chophweka njira kufufuza ngati wabwinobwino zithunzi acuity ndi kuyang'ana kumwamba usiku, kupeza Big wonyika. Ngati chogwirira cha chidebe pafupi ndi nyenyezi pafupifupi Timaona wina waung'ono, sharpness kotero n'zabwinobwino. Mu njira iyi, kuphunzira ikuchitika ndi Aluya wakale.

Zooneka acuity Rights: zizindikiro za

Kodi ife tikupeza nthawi kuti akakumane ndi maso, pamene maso zilonda, osanenapo muyeso njira? Komabe, kuwonongeka kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo sikuti munthu zindikirani yomweyo kuti zithunzi acuity amachepetsa.

A chithandizo bwino chokha ndi kudziwika yake ya chilema. Mitundu yofala kuyan'anila ndi: patali sightedness / myopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, ng'ala. Zizindikiro likunena za utachepa zithunzi acuity, zotsatirazi:

1. Nkhani ndi mayang'anidwe zolimba pa zinthu zomwe poyamba bwino anawona. Chofunika, zimene wakhala chinthu kuona poipa - apafupi kapena okhala kutali.
2. Mukhoza kuona bwinobwino chithunzi pamaso pake ndi zoipa, ngati pang'ono kutenga mutu pambali. Izi zikusonyeza kuti munthu tsankho kuwonongeka kwa khalidwe.
3. Ululu, kuyabwa thupi yachilendo kutengeka, dryness, watiyakira nthawi zizindikiro za chisokonezo acuity zithunzi, koma nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi matenda aakulu kwa diso ndi kunena overvoltage.

zimayambitsa Pathological matenda kakulidwe

Ng'ala - ambiri padziko lonse chifukwa cha kuchepa zithunzi acuity. Izi kwathunthu kapena tsankho wakuswa ndi chilungamo disolo, limene lili kumbuyo Iris ndi mwana. Mu unyamata wake, pakalibe matenda kobadwa nako Kamwana mandala kwathunthu mofewa, akudutsa mu diso cheza a kuunika, ndipo nthawi yomweyo tikunena zinthu kutali ndi pafupi. Ndi zaka, disolo amakhala mitambo ndi pang'onopang'ono wotaya luso kuganizira zinthu pa mtunda osiyana. Mathithi - chifukwa chachikulu chifukwa amene akutukuka zithunzi kuwonongeka ndi khungu. Patapita zaka 40, munthu aliyense 6 limati matenda, pambuyo 80 - lililonse. Zizindikiro za ng'ala :

• Amaona masomphenya, utachepa zithunzi acuity pang'onopang'ono.
• Maonekedwe a zinthu blur.
• Kuchepetsa kusiyana ndi kuwala kwa mtundu.
• Mtundu wa mwana ndi woyera.
• The aone mtunda ndi pafupi.
• Zikamera kuzungulira yowala magwero kuwala zonyezimira kuunika kozungulira mutu.

Kusintha acuity zithunzi mukhoza kuchita njira imodzi - kuchita ntchito microsurgical, imene mandala ndimitambo m'malo ndi analili yokumba. Iyi ndi ntchito otetezedwa, kenako ambiri mtheradi odwala kachiwiri kukhala mkulu zithunzi acuity.

Hyperopia ndi myopia

Patali zokha (hyperopia) - matenda amene fano aumbike kumbuyo diso. Chifukwa cha matenda ali yochepa olamulira kapena osauka ocular refracting mphamvu ya mandala, ndilo osakwanira kulenga munthu wabwinobwino mtunda focal.

Patali (myopia) - chilengedwe cha chinthu kutsogolo kwa diso. Matendawa refractive ndi ofananira. Mbali yoyamba kumawonjezera mphamvu refractive ya mandala kapena diso, lachiwiri - kutalika kwa diso. Mapangidwe osakwanira Utali.

Astigmatism - kuphwanya ndi amayamba ndi kusintha mu mawonekedwe a mwana wa m'diso la. Zimakhala chowulungika, mwangwiro ozungulira mu diso yachibadwa. Kudwala zambiri akufotokozera ana ndi limodzi mwa myopia kapena hyperopia. Ngati nthawi sayamba mankhwala - ingathandize ndi kuwonongeka lakuthwa mu acuity zithunzi kapena strabismus.

presbyopia

"Matendawa yochepa dzanja" - kotero matenda ndi dzina lina. Anthu ambiri akuvutika ndi mtundu wa kuphwanya, patatha zaka 40. Pamene presbyopia imfa ya acuity zithunzi akuwonekera kufa aone zinthu zazing'ono ndi wosasintha pafupi. Tiyenera kukankha kutali nyuzipepala, nsalu chinkhoswe patali.

Zizindikiro ndi Zokhumudwitsa presbyopia

Chinthu choyamba chimene tiyenera kuchenjeza munthu - blurring zinthu pa osiyanasiyana pafupi. Ndiyenera Usatong'olere maso ako kusintha chithunzi sharpness chifukwa cha zimene akufotokozera diso kutopa, kupweteka kwa mutu, maso kupsyinjika. kusintha onse obwera ndi presbyopia chifukwa njira obwera ndi ukalamba mu dongosolo la disolo ndi minofu intraocular.

Kwambiri zoonekeratu ndi njira yokonzera - kuwerenga magalasi ndi magalasi mwapang'onopang'ono, amene ntchito kokha pamene ntchito mu pafupi. Opaleshoni n'zothekanso, koma ichi ndi chinthu kwambiri, amene kugwirizana ndi ena pangozi.

amblyopia

matenda Pathological, amatchedwa "maso ofooka". Ndi mmodzi mwa atatu matenda onse alipo ana, kugwirizana ndi chiwalo pamaso. Ndi matenda aakulu, zikubweretsa mavuto oopsa. chifukwa zomwe zinatipangitsa kuswa zoterozo acuity zithunzi angathe kukhala chilema kapena kobadwa nako anomaly. Amblyopia kumachitika pamene kuwonongeka kwa munthu kapena maso onse nthawi imodzi.

Mpatuko kudwala nthawi zambiri ndi maziko a strabismus, ng'ala, astigmatism, hyperopia, corneal Kuwonekera, nystagmus. kusintha kwambiri chidzachitika kotekisi zithunzi. Amaphunzira mu mawonekedwe olakwika, wolowera diso, zithunzi acuity amachepetsa ndipo sitisintha magalasi.

zimayambitsa wothandiza wa kuwonongeka zithunzi

Monga zinthu zina chiopsezo cha osauka njira pathological zimatulutsa:

1. ntchito nthawi yaitali pa kompyuta.
2. Overstrain minofu ocular.
3. Mdima zakuwala- kochepa anayatsa chipinda kuntchito.
4. Pamaso pa zikuchitika zithunzi (mitundu kwambiri yowala ndipo kuwala amphamvu, ndi zina zotero. D.).
5. Kumwa mowa, kusuta fodya.

Zooneka acuity: mankhwala ndi kapewedwe

Misa computerization ndi wochititsa mavuto osachiritsika matenda chimbale ndi masomphenya. Palibe amene angakane kuchokera kompyuta, koma zimenezi si koyenera. Nkofunika bwino kugawa katundu pa diso. Ophthalmologists analimbikitsa anapereka polojekiti kuti chachikulu kuwala gwero ili kumbali, dissipating glare mwachindunji, ndipo sanali kwambiri kuposa 50 cm m'maso.

Magalasi - osati ndi wotsogola chowonjezera zovala, koma njira yeniyeni ya chitetezo ku kuwala, kuthandiza kusunga masomphenya. Kuwonjezera mankhwala, ndipo mfundo diso dokotala mankhwala kudziwika kuyan'anila, m'pofunika kuti atenge mavitamini kuti maso: A, B, C, E. The olimbitsa wapadera, 15 mphindi yopuma kangapo pa tsiku kompyuta kuti tipitirize masomphenya yaitali.