Zokopa Pyatigorsk - zithunzi ndi ndemanga

Izi kum'mwera kwa mzinda ndi chikhalidwe wapadera ndi nyengo yabwino kwambiri ndi mbali ya CMS wotchuka (Caucasus Maminolo Madzi). Zikwi la alendo kuno kupititsa patsogolo thanzi lawo. Ndipo osati. Pali zinthu zokopa ambiri pano.

Pyatigorsk - mzinda umene uli ndi mbiri wolemera, kotero mapulani ndi chikhalidwe zipilala m'gawo lake, ali wa mtengo wapatali.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Akukhulupirira kuti mzinda anakhazikitsidwa mu 1780. Poyamba kuthetsa unkatchedwa Bish Dagh. Choyamba, pa gombe la scrofula Mtsinje (a tributary wa Podkumok), pa mzere Azov-Mazdokskoy inamangidwa Konstantinogorskaya linga. Pang'onopang'ono izo anaonekera padziko m'tauni yaing'ono, amene anayamba kukhazikika alonda wopuma pantchito.

Apaulendo wotchuka ndi wofufuza P. S. Sitimayo inagunda anadza ku malo amenewa mu 1793 ndipo anayamba kuphunzira odziwika am'deralo akasupe. Pambuyo buku la zotsatira za kafukufuku uthenga wa madzi mozizwitsa mofulumira anafalikira m'dziko lonselo. Odwala onse pa Russia anali pa kum'mwera, ndi katundu yopulumutsa moyo.

Mfumu Alexander I mu 1803 inaika lamulo "Pa Ntchito yomanga madzi otentha." kukhazikitsa anapatsidwa wasayansi ndi wamanga N. A. Lvovu. Mliri, nkhondo ndi Perisiya, Turkey ndi France chinalepheretsa kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi. Komabe, patapita kanthawi izo anabwerera, ndipo mzindawo wakhala ambiri otchuka monga achisangalalo thanzi.

Zopereka pa ntchito yomanga

zinthu si zabwino kwambiri amoyo ndi mankhwala analimbikitsa alendo ambiri olemera kumzinda kuti zopereka zaufulu ndi wopatsa kwambiri.

Gwero lina la ku wamalonda uja Varvaci osambira matabwa zinamangidwa, amene pambuyo pake anatchedwa kuti "Varvatsievskimi osambira." Pakati pa paphiri Mashuk Mountain ndi Hot Commissioner Cherniavsky anamanga nyumba zingapo pa gwero. Choncho, chifukwa zopereka komanso panali kuthetsa madzi otentha, amene wakhala pakati pa CMS.

Mbali zatsopano za chitukuko cha mzindawo

Pambuyo udindo wake monga Mkulu wa Caucasus usilikali District, General A. P. Ermolova mzinda zinayamba kusintha. Motsogozedwa General mu 1819 anayamba kukhazikitsanso osambira akale. Mu malo awo atsopano, amatchedwa "Yermolovskoye kusamba." Anamangapo ena nyumba boma akumeneko. Umayamba yogwira ntchito yomanga, kuphatikizapo nyumba zogona.

yomanga njanji

The otaya za anthu amene akufuna kukaona zinthu zodabwitsa chaka ndi chaka kukhala ndi nthawi pafunika kuphunzitsa. Nthambi yoyamba ya Rostov kuti Mineralnye Vody anapatsidwa mu 1875. Kwa izo anaikidwa patsogolo khwalala Pyatigorsk. Patatha zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu pakati Kuma ndi Pyatigorsk kumanga njanji, ndi wotsala onse kuyendetsa mpaka mwachindunji achisangalalo lapansi.

zowoneka za mzinda

Kuwonjezera zinthu zodabwitsa, mzinda amadziwika zipilala zake zakale ndi kamangidwe kake. Today ife tidzatenga pang'ono ulendo wa Pyatigorsk.

Wachiwiri Athos agulupa ya Akukwera. yomanga ake chifukwa kufunika akulitse osati thupi komanso moyo. Obisika mmonke Gerasim anakweza ndi ansembe makumi awiri kuchokera pa phiri la Athos ku phiri Beshtau. Adakhala moyo wabata ndi kuyeza moyo mpaka 1927, kufikira Bolsheviks izo sizinali kutsekedwa. Novices anapita ku mapiri, anamanga chipinda ndipo yopemphereramo. Ambiri a iwo bwino anapulumutsidwa lero.

mumzindawo anatumiza madandaulo ambiri zopempha maulamuliro za chitsitsimutso cha obisika a. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, anapitiriza kuzunzidwa kwa ansembe ndi nyumba obisika anawonongedwa. Pa malo amenewa anali kasupe Woyera, ndipo mu 1997 anawonekera kuno kulambira mtanda. Iye anakhala chizindikiro cha chitsitsimutso cha obisika woyera.

Panapita zaka zitatu, ndi mpingo watsopano inamangidwa pa malo awa.

Chisanadze m'chifanizo "cha Kachisi wa Aeolus"

Mu 1831, pansi apamwamba Mashuk zinalengedwa ndi George. Bernardazzi inamangidwa cha kukongola gazebo "Aeolian Zeze". The gazebo wakhazikitsa wapadera choimbira. Aeolian zeze pa nthawi inafalitsidwa mu Europe. Mpheroyi azeze awiri ochiritsira anaikidwa casing matabwa, otchedwa phiko kuti deploys zeze pa ngodya kwa mphepo. Zeze akuyimba mchikakamizo cha mafunde mpweya. Naima gazebo mpaka 1861.

Kenako, mu 90s, ndi mzikiti anayamba m'chilimwe gazebo kukhazikitsa chitsanzo chosavuta cha zeze aeolian, ndipo mu nthawi Soviet kumeneko anaikidwa wapadera zamakono 'kuchuluka kwa aeolian zeze "imene adawomba zaka makumi awiri. Popeza 2008, amachita ntchito za zida zeze audio.

zomera maphunziro

Mu Pyatigorsk, nyumbayi Tingaone imene - kuwala ndi zosavuta, mmenemo moyo ndi chimwemwe. Ili ndi chozizwa Goryachevodskaya Valley chimenechi chinathetsa pakati lokwera mkati ndi phiri otentha.

Pamene achisangalalo anali mu Chiyambi chake, moyo zofunika yophika mu akasupe otentha ndi malo osambira, wapafupi iwo. Angapo mu mtunda kuchokera lapansi anakantha gwero osadziwika ndi madzi ofunda. Only chifukwa cha Moscow dokotala Fedoru Gaazu anatha kupeza machiritso mphamvu yake. Kupezeka lake dokotala amatchedwa Elizabethan sulphurous bwino.

Posachedwa machiritso njala anafika apa pakutuluka, ndipo ambiri a iwo anali kukhulupirira kuti madzi mukumwa mofulumira kwambiri achire. Choncho kumwa tsiku magalasi makumi atatu.

Pakati pa "njira" Anthu akuyenda pafupi. Komabe, chotero kukayenda zosangalatsa mu nyengo zabwino bwino. Ndipo ngati kukuzizira kuboola mphepo kapena mvula? Choncho, mu malo inamangidwa ndi okhetsedwa ophweka, omwe posakhalitsa m'malo ndi wina matabwa.

Pamene kazembe wa Caucasus anakhala MS Vorontsov - munthu wanzeru, amene anali ndi kukoma yowawitsa, kumanga zomera anayamba. Executor wa ntchito, iye anasankha munthu wa ku England, Samuel Upton wamanga wakumanga Crimea yachifumu Vorontsov. katswiri wa zomangamanga anapatsidwa kumanga mu likulu la mchere akasupe zomera. Woimira moyenerera ankakhulupirira kuti mpumulo mu zinthu izi zidzakhala bwino kwambiri kumwa madzi, ndi nyengo yabwino ndi nyengo yoipa.

Wazomangamanga anakwaniritsa chifuniro cha Vorontsov. Mwatsoka, chilengedwe chokongola Upton kale ntchito cholinga chake. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, madokotala a achisangalalo chotchuka anaganiza kumwa madzi mchere chilibe ntchito. Ndipo gallery, ndi gwero lokha anatsimikizira zosafunika. maholo ake akhala kusinthidwa kwa zolinga zosiyana - Zipatalazo, ndi pogona kwa osauka, chipinda yolandirira osambira. Analiponso Cafe ndi malo odyera. Mu 1925, achisangalalo wakhala latsopano mankhwala ndi maphunziro zomera nalo dzina lake masiku ano, ulemu wa tsiku chidwi - ndi bicentenary ya Russian Academy of Sciences.

Mzinda umenewu mogwirizana Chili zokopa zachilengedwe ndi munthu. Pyatigorsk ndi anthu ake amanyadira za grottoes chadzaoneni, alipo pa dziko lapansi lino. More adziwane nawo.

grotto wa Diana

Poyamba, nyumbayi ankatchedwa Grotto Elborus, ulemu kwa chitunda loyamba Elbrus ulendo. chochitika izi zinachitika mu 1829. Mu 1830, katswiri wa zomangamanga Dzhuzeppe Bernardatstsi analenga ntchito kuti 1831 ndi grotto inamangidwa kwathunthu itatha. Pakhomo anaiika matabwa awiri zachitsulo chosungunula, imene Arabic Russian ndipo zinalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane chikweza. Kenako anadzatchedwa. Ndipo iwo wotchedwa Grotto wa Diana - woyang'anira woyera wa kusaka mu nthano za Chiroma.

phanga Izi chongopeka osemedwa miyala pa phiri otentha. Iwo chokongoletsedwa ndi mizati mwala. Mainsail Chipilala ndi zipata zitatu anaika tuff ashen. pansi ali ndi slabs yosema. Mkati pa m'mabokosi yapadera chitaikidwa semicircular benchi ya slabs bwino wopukutidwa. Pakati pa chipinda pamalo olankhulira adzaika tebulo mwala wonyezimira. Asanalowe okonzeka malo osewerera ndi anabzala maluwa ndi mthethe.

grotto Izi inextricably zogwirizana ndi dzina lalikulu Russian ndakatulo M. Yu. Lermontova. Iye ankakonda kudzacheza kuno. Ndipo kutatsala masiku ochepa zomvetsa chisoni imfa Mikhail anzake ankachitika pano "chipani kumidzi".

Otsiriza kubwezeretsa lalikulu zinachitikadi wa grotto mu 1974. chakuti apa panali ndakatulo kwambiri, zikusonyeza zolengeza.

Komwe ankakhala Mfumukazi Mary

Monga mukudziwa, chifaniziro cha Mfumukazi losonkhanitsidwa. The heroine wa buku mu nyumba pa Njira ya Kirov, 12 "kuthetsedwa" Chihangare zojambulajambula Mihaly Zichy, pamene mu 1881 anafika mumzinda wa kufufuza zokonda zake. Pyatigorsk anakantha mbuye ndi kukongola kwake. Kuyenda m'misewu ake, adawona anali nyumba iyi unremarkable. Ndi pamene otchulidwa mafanizo Lermontov nkhani ngati nyumba ya Mfumukazi Mary. Zinali lililonse kwa nthawi dongosolo matabwa, chomwe pambuyo kwambiri chidafundidwa ndi njerwa. Lero, ndi nyumba imene anthu amakhala.

Memory a ndakatulo iyi

Nthawi zambiri dzina la wolemba ndakatulo mu mzinda zokhudzana zokopa ambiri. Pyatigorsk - mzinda komwe anakhala zaka zomalizira za moyo wake lalifupi, iye analemba ntchito zake zabwino, ndipo anaphedwa.

Polenga paki Emanuelevskogo Bernardazzi abale analenga awiri mainsail: ang'ono ndi lalikulu. Last - zachilengedwe chiyambi. Izi ndi mphanga yaing'ono, umene pang'ono okha kwambiri. Popeza 1860, inali kudziŵika ndi Grotto wa Lermontov.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, mkulu wa CMS Khvoshchinskiy abverana kuti amange mu Pyatigorsk yomanga zitsulo ndi magalasi. tagwirizana lalembedwa kwa pomanga zomera ndi Polish kotheratu "Ow. Gostynsky & Co ". Gallery anatsegula anthu oyambirira 1902. Anthu nthawi yomweyo kuti "Lermontov zomera." Lero chakhala sinasinthe kwambiri m'kupita. Lero wa State Philharmonic. Iwo ali chionetsero ndi zoimbaimba alendi. Panali zounikira monga Yermolov, Chaliapin, Mayakovsky, Sobinov ndi ena.

Place duel M. Yu. Lermontova chipilala lero taonera ntchito BM Mikeshina. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti ntchito ake anasintha kwambiri, zomwe wolemba sanakhutire.

zakale

Mumsewu Abale Bernardazzi, pafupi ndi khomo la paki "Flower Garden" ndi History Museum wa Pyatigorsk. Idamangidwa mu 1905. kufotokoza ake oposa 100 zikwi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho kuti atchule alendo ndi chikhalidwe mbiri, ndi chikhalidwe cha Mzinda wozizwitsawu kuchokera kalekale.

M'nyumbayi ali chigaza ndi madera ena a kum'mwera njovu mafupa, amene lapansi kuposa miliyoni zapitazo. The chidwi alendo ndi chigoba nthawi Aleksandra Makedonskogo Roma. Komanso, akupereka chopereka chosowa zida zankhondo ndi zida bladed.

National History Museum wa Pyatigorsk monyadira gulu lapadera ntchito ndi Russian ndi achilendo ojambula zithunzi zaka 18-19.

Chinthu chotsatira pa tchuti ulendo wathu wa mzindawo udzakhala kowonera zakale "The masitepe zoyamba za mphamvu ya magetsi." Ndi ili mu nyumba ina yaing'ono kufupi ikukhudzana magetsi a nyumbayi. Kuyambira mu 1997, anthu chikumbutso, ndipo patatha chaka limodzi ndi kuyanjana "Russian UNESCO 'zibonga.

Verzilin nyumba ndi mbali ya Museum-Reserve M. Yu. Lermontova. Chikhalidwe ndi mbiri chipilala ndi phindu feduro. nyumbayi ndi mzinda lililonse akuzigawo anamanga m'zaka za m'ma 19 - imodzi storey, anamanga nkhuni pa maziko mwala, ali ndi chitsulo denga. nyumba inamangidwa mu 1822. patatha zaka zisanu ndi izo wogulidwa ndi MI Verzilin. Zinali pano July 25, 1841, wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri anaitanidwa kuti duel a. Pa wapakamwa nyumba chagona chikwangwani.

Lonse m'ma 19 nyumba anali Verzilin banja. Mu 1920 izo nationalized. Mu 1945, apo analengedwa kowonera zakale "Nyumba Lermontov". Mu makumi anai mochedwa mu nyumba anatsegula mabuku dipatimenti ya nyumbayi, yomwe limanena za moyo ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo iyi. Mu 1968, chionetserocho wakhala kusinthidwa. Limanena za Lermontov mu Caucasus.

Chinese gazebo

Chotero udindo analandira chifukwa quirky mapulani mawonekedwe. Poyamba, izo chokongoletsedwa galasi wachikuda, chifukwa amatchedwa "mtundu". Adawonekeranso iye Pyatigorsk mu 1902, koma anawonongedwa. Mu 1974, JF Shahovskaya, wosema wotchuka, amene analenga ndi gazebo latsopano limene limatithandiza zazikulu za Mashuk Mountain, phiri Elbrus ndi Beshtau ndi panorama kwabasi kwa mzindawo.

nyanja kulephera

Natural cholowa Pyatigorsk ndi phanga zachilendo ndi mawonekedwe conical. Pansi pa izo akuwaza mwachilungamo lalikulu karst nyanja, wodzazidwa ndi madzi mchere mtundu yowala buluu (chifukwa cha lalikulu wokhutira wa sulfide hydrogen ndi mabakiteriya sulfide wa hydrogen). m'litali ndi mamita fifitini, m'lifupi - khumi. Kamodzi 1858, anali anakumba mumphangayo kutalika mamita fifite-eyiti, madzi kuchiritsa ankagwiritsa ntchito posambira. Mu 1885, nyanja ndi m'ngalande m'phanga Kusiyana anali opatulidwira, ndipo mu kagawo kakang'ono wapadera wa nthumbi wakhazikitsidwa chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu, yomwe kenako m'malo mwa chizindikiro Mchiritsi Panteleimon.

Reviews

Pyatigorsk anapita anakhutira nawo kwawo. ndemanga zawo zabwino kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe modabwitsa wokongola malo awa, mwayi kuona ndi maso awo apadera zipilala mbiri.

A zinthu zambiri zabwino owonetsera zakale ndodo, amene akuyesera kuti abwezeretse ndi amayamikira zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho wapatali zokhudzana ndi mbiri komanso chikhalidwe cha mzinda kwawo. Ambiri amati ndi bwino ndinaganiza maulendo ulendo ndipo Luso la atsogoleri a m'deralo.

Anthu amabwera Pyatigorsk mankhwala, kusiya ndemanga zabwino ndi zoipa. Woyamba zokhudzana ndi chikoka N'zoonekeratu opindulitsa madzi kuchiritsa pa matupi awo ndi kusintha kwambiri thanzi.

ndemanga zoipa Kawirikawiri kugwirizana ndi mtengo poponya mkulu wa matikiti kwa chipatala chaching'ono zovuta.