Zinenero Nikolai: yonena

Wachitatu loyamba la m'ma XIX zinali zodzaza ndi wokongola "golide" nthawi mabuku Russian, amene anapereka andakatulo consummate otchedwa nthawi Pushkin a. Tsopano iwo ali mizati wosatha wa nzeru, chidziwitso cha chikondi, ubwino ndi kukongola, zochokera omwe udali m'badwo oposa mmodzi wa anthu. Imodzi mwa ndakatulo izi NM Zilankhulo - wina A. S. Pushkina ndi N. V. Gogolya.

Nikolay Yazykov: yonena

ndakatulo anabadwa pa March 4, 1803 m'tauni yaing'ono pa Volga Simbirsk. wolemera wakale banja ake wolemekezeka anali mizu. Monga mwana, Nicholas analeredwa bwino za miyambo yakale. Iye anaphunzira kwambiri pa nyumba, m'banda anayamba kulemba ndakatulo, ngakhale kuchilemekeza kwa ntchito.

Ndili ndi zaka 12, mu 1814, iye anatumizidwa ku Institute of Migodi Akatswiri ku St. Petersburg, pali anali ophunzitsidwa abale ake awiri aja. Koma munda sanali pa moyo chinenero, ndipo nthawi zina anaponya maphunziro ake. Komabe, mphunzitsi mabuku Markov, amene ankamukonda iye ngati mwana, mnyamata kuphunzira ntchito mwakhama anapanga kafukufuku ndi University Derzhavin. Mu 1820, pambuyo maphunziro, chinenero anaganiza kupitiriza maphunziro ake a nyumba Engineering, koma kumeneko iye posapita nthawi analeka kupita kusukulu, ndipo anawathamangitsa.

Dorpat kusasamala

Mu St. Petersburg Zilankhulo Nikolai Mikhailovich ndizolowere bwalo wotchuka wolemba ndipo mu 1819 anakhala munthu woyamba kusindikizidwa. Anachita chidwi ndi kuphunzira ndi aphunzitsi aakulu monga Karamzin, Zhukovsky, bambo, Byron, Pushkin ndi achinyamata. mphatso yake yoyamba ndakatulo anaona AF Voeikov amene anafalitsa ndakatulo ake "Sorevnovatele". Iye anamulangiza Nikolai Mikhailovich kulowa nthanthi University Dorpat, kumene ndakatulo anayamba kuphunzira Western European, mabuku Russian, kwenikweni anagwera mu mchitidwe kwawo.

University ophunzira anali wotchuka chifukwa Zopatsa awo zosangalatsa, chimasanduka-kumwa, kumwa songs, duels ndi rapiers. zinthu zinenero posakhalitsa ndinazindikira ndi woyanjidwa ndi Zhukovsky ndi Pushkin Delwig, amene adamuyitana Iye mu 1824 kuti Mikhaylovskoye wake ndi vesi kwa AN Iye analemba kuti Wolfe: "Inde Yazikova ndakatulo Ndibweretsere ine ndi inu!". Koma msonkhano wawo zinachitika zaka ziwiri mtsogolo.

moyo ndiwokongola

Mu nthawi wofatsa kwambiri dzina la ndakatulo ndi anatchuka, ankalikonda sonorous anapatsira nyimbo ndipo anaimba wophunzira kwayala. Zilankhulo Nicholas anasangalala Dorpat voluptuous moyo, koma sanasiye ulemu anthu ake. Ndipo ngakhale chilengedwe ufulu ndi zobiriwira, malingaliro ake kwa kwawo anakula mphamvu ndi adayimba ndakatulo.

Choncho, ngakhale bungwe bwalo la ophunzira Russian. Mu Dorpat anakhala bwino zaka 8, koma chifukwa zonse osasamala binges yunivesite maphunziro popanda dipuloma mu 1829. Yazikova wopulumutsidwa chifukwa chakuti iye anali bwino kuwerenga, ndi nthawi iye anakhala ndi nyumba yaikulu.

Popeza anakumana Pushkin Trigorskoye pa Wolfe mu 1826. msonkhano ameneyu ndi ndakatulo Yazikova, ndi Pushkin yekha anasangalala ndi zilandiridwenso a ndakatulo iyi. Last Ine anafotokoza zidindo zake zonse ndakatulo zake zazikulu "Trigorskoye".

Moscow ndi Office

Nditamaliza maphunziro mu 1829 anasamukira ku Moscow ndipo ankakhala m'nyumba Elagin-Kireevskys pa Red Chipata. Bwerani kwa iye kawirikawiri kudzamuyendera Pushkin, Odoyevski, Baratynsky ndi ena. Wolemba ndakatulo anapita mwamsanga Slavophile bwalo "Moscow boma yotchedwa Gazette." Panthawi imeneyi analemba kwambiri zake, tinganene a ndakatulo bwino.

September 12, 1831 Zilankhulo Nicholas anasankhidwa kukhala wantchito Ofesi ya Land Survey, umene ankamuona ngati chotchinga zilandiridwenso. Pa nthawi imeneyo, wolemba ndakatulo ankafuna kupuma kwinakwake m'mudzi, ndi kulemba zambiri. Koma mu 1833 iye anapezeka ndi neurosyphilis - matenda a chingwe msana. Anatula pansi, anachoka Moscow ndipo anasamukira ku munda wake Simbirsk, pamene anasonkhanitsa Russian nyimbo ndipo anasangalala ndi ulesi ndakatulo. Koma matenda wakhala pang'onopang'ono patsogolo, ndipo M'zinenero 1837 anapita ku Germany, kumene iye sanali kupeza bwino.

Pa Hanau anakumana ndi Gogol, ndipo mu 1842, pamodzi anapita Rome ndi Venice. Pamene izo zinali zosavuta, iye mwachidwi anatenga cholembera. Panthawi imeneyi Zilankhulo analemba ndakatulo "Pa Rhine". M'chaka mochedwa 1843 chikhalidwe chake anali opanda chiyembekezo, ndipo anabwerera kwawo. Mu Moscow, thanzi lake kuona bwenzi lake lakale Professor Inozemtsev. Koma chinenero pang'onopang'ono kufa, zosangalatsa wake yekha wakhala msonkhano mlungu ndi mlungu za olemba anzawo.

Potengera maganizo a anzake slavophiles ndakatulo kugunda azungu kwa uthenga wake wotchuka achipongwe "kuti si-athu", imene mamembala Westernized wa gulu anawatcha adani a lawo lapansi. Pamenepo analemba chidutswa cha Zilankhulo "Chivomerezi" lomwe Zhukovsky ankaona zabwino mu ndakatulo Russian. Ngakhale matenda aakulu, ndakatulo anapitiriza kulemba ndakatulo ndi, monga Gogol, kufika pa mulingo wapamwamba wa lyricism.

Imfa atsale ndi

Mu December 1846 pa ulesi ndi Yazikova linaonekera malungo ozizira, ndipo anayamba kukonzekera imfa. Ndakatulo anaitana wansembe kuchita ntchito lotsiriza la Mkhristu, anapanga kuti maliro, anakonza mndandanda wa anthu akhafuna kuona pamaliro ndipo analamula chakudya maliro chakudya.

December 26, 1846 pa sikisi koloko madzulo Zilankhulo Nicholas anamwalira. maliro ake pa Tverskaya Street mu Mpingo wa Annunciation, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Danilov obisika. Today manda ake, monga manda Gogol zinalimbikitsa kwa Novodevichy manda.