Zhivkov Todor: yonena, banja

Zhivkov, Todor Hristov anali Chibugariya wandale komanso mtsogoleri wa zaka zambiri (kuyambira 1954 mpaka 1989) wa Chibugariya Party Communist. Pa zaka 35 mtsogoleri wa MCP, iye anali malo chapakati zopangira zisankho m'dziko: Nduna (1962-1971) ndi wapampando wa Bungwe la Boma la Republic of Bulgaria (1971-1989), mwachitsanzo de A facto ndi de A jure, anali mtsogoleri wa boma.

Background, maphunziro ndi achinyamata

Malo Todor Zhivkov? yonena wake anayamba September 7, 1911 m'mudzi wa Pravets, pafupi Sofia, mu banja wamba. Mu 1928 analowa Chibugariya Communist Youth League, amene kugwirizana ndi chipani cha Chibugariya Antchito '(BRP). Lamulo bungwe landale analengedwa pambuyo chiletso mu 1924, ku Bulgaria Communist Party, ankachitika mu September 1923 zida chiwembu chofuna kulanda mphamvu mu dziko.

Todor Zhivkov sukulu junior mkulu Pravets mu 1929 kenako anaphunzira pa 6 (lero 10 TH) chaka sekondale mu Botevgrad. Kenako anakakhala Sofia, kumene sukulu ya sekondale, anapita ku ntchito typefounder matauni boma nyumba kusindikiza.

Chiyambi cha zandale

Mu 1932 Zhivkov Todor membala wa BRP lapansi. Posakhalitsa membala wa Sofia Party Committee ndi Mlembi wa Bureau Committee Chachiwiri. dzina lake mobisa anali "Yanko." Ngakhale BRP ndipo analetsa pamodzi ndi zipani zina zandale pambuyo kugalukira wa May 19, 1934, koma anapitiriza kukhala Assembly National, ndi Zhivkov mu nthawi prewar anali nawo ntchito yake, pa nthawi yofanana ndi mlembi wa komiti chigawo cha CVT ku Sofia. Kuchokera July 1938 mpaka November 1942, kubisala ena midzi Chibugariya (Deskot, Lesichevo, Govedartsi) pamodzi ndi mkazi wake Maroy Maleevoy, amene ankagwira ntchito iwo monga GP a.

The kusintha kwa nkhondo ndi boma

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, ulamuliro mabwalo a Bulgaria lotsogoleredwa ndi Tsar Boris anali anzawo a Nazi Germany, anapatsidwa gawo dziko kuika asilikali ake. asilikali Chibugariya litalanda Yugoslavia ndi Greece anali kulengeza nkhondo pa Great Britain ndi United States, koma pa nthawi yomweyo Bulgaria ali anakwanitsa kuti asapite ku nkhondo ndi USSR.

Chibugariya zachikomyunizimu ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, anayamba kulenga mphamvu zawo zigawenga. Popeza June 1943 Zhivkov Todor chigamulo cha Sofia Komiti ya BRP Regional anaikidwa membala wa ndodo ya Sofia Choyamba wopandukayo ntchito zone. Zinali mwachirengedwe m'gulu kapangidwe T. Otchedwa. Anthu Kutulutsidwa Army, olengedwa mwa March 1943. Monga mbali ya woyendera nthambi opareshoni brigades awiri olimbanawo, mayunitsi khumi ndi magulu omenyana. Zhivkov ankhaimilira udindo wa Wogwila m'dera monga olimbanawo "Chavdar", ndiye kuwayalanso mofanana olimbanawo brigade molamulidwa ndi Dobri Dzhurova zinthu kumagwa Sofia. Mu nthawi nkhondoyo, ambiri ogwirizana Zhivkov brigade "Chavdar" wotanganidwa malo apamwamba mu mabungwe Chibugariya boma.

Kulanda mphamvu ndi Anthu Achikomyunizimu

Ndi chiyambi cha September 1944 ku Bulgaria anapitiriza kukhala asilikali German ali kumbali yake, ngakhale boma ndipo ankafuna kuti achire awo. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo imeneyi, Soviet boma 5 September 1944, analengeza nkhondo pa Bulgaria. September 8, 1944 asilikali a Soviet wa Chachitatu Chiyukireniya Front pansi polimbana Tolbukhin ndi Black Sea zombo anatenga mzindawo pa Chibugariya Black Sea gombe, pamene asilikali sanavutevute. Tsiku lotsatira (September 9) kupanduka Communist ku Sofia nagubuduza boma Muravieva izo dzana chilengezo cha nkhondo ndi Soviet Union anaganiza kulengeza nkhondo pa Germany, koma analibe nthawi kutero chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa Ngopambana asilikali dipatimenti kugwirizana ndi Chikomyunizimu. Ngati nkhani zandale Muravieva nduna analephera, Soviet Union anayenera yokhala kubweretsa asilikali m'dera mdani mu Germany, zomwe anayambitsa kutsutsidwa ndi ogwirizana ake Western.

Chifukwa cha zochitika za September 1944 ku Bulgaria kwa zaka pafupifupi ankalamulidwa ndi Party m'gululi ndipo anakhala mtsogoleri wa dziko, Georgi Dimitrov, zaka khumi pamaso pa wotchuka chifukwa khalidwe lake mtima pa wotchuka Leipzig ndondomeko. Pa chomaliza asilikali nkhondo Chibugariya nawo pa mbali ya Soviet Union ndi nawo nkhondo imene Yugoslavia, Hungary ndi Austria.

Tauka ntchito chipani pambuyo September 9, 1944

Kuchokera September mpaka November 1944 Zhivkov Todor anali mtsogoleri wandale wa ndodo ya asilikali Anthu nakhala Mlembi lachitatu la City Sofia Komiti ya PDU. February 27, 1945 anakhala phungu wa Komiti waukulu wa mamembala a chipani. Kuyambira January 1948 iye anali mlembi woyamba wa City Sofia Komiti ya PDU komanso wapampando wa komiti mzinda wa Dziko Lathu Front, limene, kupatulapo, chikominisi, kuphatikizapo zina maphwando Chibugariya. Pa msonkhano wachisanu wa BRP, imene imachitika pa December 27, 1948, kusankhidwa Committee chapakati cha Party, amene anapezanso dzina la Bulgaria Party Communist (BCP). Zhivkov Todor zonse mpando ndi mavoti mu bungwe lolamulira la BCP, mpaka December 8, 1989, iye anachotsedwa kwathunthu.

Njira ya pamwamba chipani cha mphamvu

Mu October 1949, Zhivkov anatsogolera gulu ndi Malangizo Dipatimenti ya Komiti chapakati cha ku Bulgaria Party Communist, mu January 1950, iye anakhala mlembi wa Party Communist, ndipo mu November iye anasankhidwa wakonzekera membala wa Politburo ake. Kuchokera July 1951 mpaka November 1989 Zhivkov - membala wa Bureau Political wa komiti ya chipani Central. Mutu wa Secretariat Gulu Committee chapakati kuyambira 1953.

Komabe, mphamvu yeniyeni mu chipani, iye anayambitsa pambuyo April Plenum a Komiti chapakati (2-6 April 1956), lomwe panayambira umunthu mpatuko debunking Vylko Chervenkov wapafupi angakuthandizeni Georgi Dimitrov yemwe anamwalira mu 1949. Tchervenkov mu 1950-1956 gg. anali nduna yaikulu ya Bulgaria, ndipo mu zaka 1950-1954 - Mlembi Wamkulu wa Komiti chapakati cha BCP. Mu ulamuliro wake anasonyeza N'ZOSACHITA kufunsa kukhulupirika kwa Stalin, kuti yesezera kalembedwe khalidwe lake ndi maonekedwe.

Pambuyo imfa Stalin, mphamvu ya chipani kuchokera Chervenkov anakhala pang'onopang'ono kusamukira Zhivkov. Poyamba kunatha malo Mlembi General wa Komiti ya Central, ndipo pambuyo chimodzi Party Congress (March 4, 1954) Zhivkov anasankhidwa kukhala malo kumene analenga a Mlembi woyamba wa Komiti chapakati cha ku Bulgaria Party Communist (icho mpaka April 4, 1981).

Kuphatikiza gulu ndi boma posts

Kuchokera mu 1946 mpaka 1990. Zhivkov anasankhidwa kazembe National Assembly (yamalamulo). November 19, 1962, iye m'malo mwa Anton Yugova nduna yaikulu. Iye anagwiritsitsa positi mpaka July 9, 1971, pamene iye anali m'malo mwa Stanko Todorov.

Kuyambira mu 1971, Zhivkov anakhala tcheyamani kumene analenga Bungwe la State wa Republic of Bulgaria (zoona mutu wa boma). Iye anagwiritsitsa udindo uwu mpaka 17 November 1989.

Bulgaria pafupifupi anakhala mabwalo 16 la USSR

December 4, 1963 Todor Zhivkov ngati BCP Committee chapakati Mlembi Choyamba ndi nduna yaikulu ya panokha kuperekedwa pa plenum a Komiti chapakati cha ku Bulgaria apilo maganizo a Komiti chapakati cha CPSU pa funso la mgwirizano zina ndi pophatikizana tsogolo la Republic of Bulgaria ndi Soviet Union, Kudzaupanga Republic la 16 la Soviet Union, anakhala kuopseza palokha dziko. Plenum m'Komiti ya ku Central kutamanda maganizo monga "kusonyeza chidwi wakutemwa ndi internationalism" imene adzaukitsa "fraternal ubwenzi ndi mgwirizano mabuku pakati dziko lathu ndi la Soviet Union kuti mlingo watsopano." The maganizo "kulenga mavuto azachuma, ndale ndi maganizo chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwathunthu kwa mayiko athu awiri fraternal "izo pamodzi ovomerezeka pa chigawo plenary ndi panokha yolembedwa ndi Todor Zhivkov, koma anakanidwa ndi Soviet Union.

Part mu yimitsira wa Prague Spring

chisankho pa nawo Bulgaria mu phukusi asilikali pambuyo pa Prague Spring Analeredwa ndi Bungwe la nduna chaired ndi Todor Zhivkov. Iwo anali anapereka pamwamba chinsinsi Council wa nduna Watsimikiza № 39 wa NRB 20.VIII.1968 ndi zolinga za chisankho mu mawonekedwe a "kupereka chithandizo asilikali kwa Party Communist la Czechoslovakia ndi anthu Czechoslovak". Ntchito asilikali kutengela 12 ndi 22th oyenda regiments analipo 2164 mwamuna ndi thanki battalion 26 makina T-34.

Kuchotsedwa pa ofesi

Mu 1989, mayiko a zokomera msasa Achikominisi watwya mphamvu chifukwa cha kusintha ndi coups, anayambitsa ndi kufooka ambiri a Soviet Union ndi kuchotsa malo a thandizo pa zachuma kuchokera ku mbali yake. Izo si anapulumuka tsoka wamba ndi Bulgaria. November 9 pamsonkhano wa Bureau Political a Komiti chapakati cha ku Bulgaria Party Communist Zhivkov Todor anasiya malo ake monga mtsogoleri gulu lotsatira tsiku plenum m'Komiti ya Central, amene wavomerezedwa yosiya wake ndipo analimbikitsa National Assembly kumumasula ku malo wapampando wa Bungwe la State. November 17 Zhivkov anatayika positi. Mu January 1990, anamangidwa, iye anapereka kwa anthu atamunamizira kuponderezana. Chifukwa chakuti zaka boma la Bulgaria 90 20 St. kuwuluridwa zakale Party Communist, anadzatchedwa ndi Socialist Party, T. e. anakhalabe m'manja mwa anzake wamng'ono Zhivkov, tsoka lake sanali zoopsa monga mtsogoleri wa Romania Communist Ceausescu. Mpaka 1996, Zhivkov anali m'ndende panyumba, pa mlandu iye akhale ankafufuza waulesi, ndi kutchuka kwa mtsogoleri wakale pa maziko a chatsika mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dzikolo unakula. Koma iye anali kale wolungama kwathunthu sanali fated. Mu August 1998, pang'ono asanafike zaka 87, anamwalira ndi chibayo.

Todor Zhivkov: Banja

wandale anakwatiwa (kwa July 1938) pa Mare-Jivkova Maleeva, amene anamwalira mu 1971 khansa. Iwo anali mwana wamwamuna ndi wamkazi. mwana Todor Zhivkov a Lyudmila (onani. Photo m'munsimu), wotchuka Chibugariya luso mbiri, kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi monga mutu wa Komiti ya Chibugariya boma pa Tirhana na Culture. Iye anamwalira mu 1981 ku sitiroko a.

Mwana wa ndale Vladimir akadali moyo, mwana wake polemekeza agogo wotchuka dzina lake Zhivkov Todor. Mdzukulu wa Politika Evgeniya (mwana Ludmila Zhivkova) ndi wandale Chibugariya ndi mlengi, nthawi zisanu ndi zinayi (2001 ndi 2009) anasankhidwa kukhala National Assembly.