Vermeer Yan: zojambula. Dutch zojambulajambula Jan Vermeer

Zojambulajambula Jan Vermeer ndi chimodzi mwa ojambula odziwika otchedwa Golden Age luso Dutch. Amaona kale mbuye wa mtundu wanyimbo ya chithunzi ndi mtundu wanyimbo kupenta. dzina lake ali pa ndime ndi Frans Hals ndi Rembrandt. Popeza malo kubadwa kwake ndi imfa tauni The Hague, mu mwambo Russian luso umatchedwa Yan Vermeer Delft. M'nkhaniyi tiona pa moyo ndi ntchito ya zojambulajambula lapansi.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwake, ife sitikudziwa. Koma iye anabatizidwa mu tsiku lotsiriza la October 1632 mu umodzi wa mipingo parishi ya Delft. Mosiyana ndi ziphunzitso zonse za mabanja akuluakulu a nthawi imeneyo, bambo Jan Vermeer anali, koma mwana, mwana wamkazi. Iye anali pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa mbale zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Za mayi mfiti Digna Baltes, tikudziwa pafupifupi chilichonse. Janson Reyneer anasamuka ku Antwerp ku Amsterdam mu 1611 ndipo ankachita nawo kuluka silika. Anakwatirana kale, anasamukira ku Delft ndipo anagula alendo. Sitikudziwa zifukwa, koma pazifukwa zina anasintha dzina lake ndi dzina. Mwini wa hotelo "Mechelen" Tsopano ankatchedwa M'bale Reiner galimoto Vos. Iye si yagoletsa kuluka ndi kulumikiza munalidi gulu la Luka Woyera - shopu, omwe anakwatitsa anthu onse ogwira ntchito za luso. Mu "wogwirizana" mu chaka makumi awiri zoyambirira za moyo nalumikizana Vermeer Yan, amene zojambula mu zaka zingapo ikanayenera dziko.

mapangidwe

chinthu chimodzi momveka bwino: mwana sanapite mapazi bambo ake ndi kuphunzira kuluka silika. Amene anatengera mungaphunzire? Chifukwa kuti akhale membala wa munalidi gulu la Luka Woyera, kunali kofunika kupeza mutu wa mbuye. Ndipo uyu, nayenso anali yoyamba osachepera zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuphunzira ndi kukhala mu udindo wa akaphunzire. Kujambulitsa kuti Yan Vermeer Delft membala wa munalidi gulu, ndi mapeto a December 1653. Choncho ndinaganiza pa ntchito ndipo anayamba kuphunzitsa wachinyamata m'chaka cha moyo cisanu. Amene anali mphunzitsi wake? otsutsa ambiri amavomereza kuti akhoza kukhala mwina Leonart Bramer, kapena Gerard wabweletsela Borch. Palinso buku amene sanapezeke umboni zopelekedwa kuti njira yoyamba luso labwino la Jan Vermeer anathandiza Carel Fabritius, mwana wasukulu wakale Rembrandt. Chopanda malire chikoka pa wojambula achinyamata anali Pieter de A Hooch. Vermeer m'malo ndi kalembedwe wake polemba chinenero kupenta mu zojambula wake. Koma Hooch sakanakhoza kukhala mphunzitsi wa namatetule wamng'ono, chifukwa iye ankakhala Delft yekha mu 1652.

moyo

Adakali woyenera malo a ufulu mbuye mu munalidi gulu la Luka Woyera, Jan Vermeer m'banja. chisankho chake chinali Catharina Bolnes, mwana wamkazi wa bizinesi bwino kukhala fakitale kwa kuwombera njerwa pafupi Delft. Pa njira za ukwati okonda kuyembekezera zimakulepheretsani, koma osati za chikhalidwe zakuthupi. chakuti Jan Vermeer anali ku banja Chiprotestanti, ndi mkwatibwi - kuchokera Katolika. mayi ake a mtsikanayo, Maria Bolnes, poyamba anakana kwamtuwagalu kuti wodandaulayu pa dzanja la mwana wake. Iwo anatenga kupembedzera Bramer, komanso Mkatolika, kuti mtima wa mayi m'tsogolo malamulo anasintha. Ukwatiwo unachitika April 20, 1653. Malinga ndi pangano lawo, banjali linasamukira m'nyumba ya Mkwatibwi. Koma wojambula lapitirizabe kuthandiza mayi ake, amene anathamanga hotelo. Mu Jan Vermeer ndi Catharina Bolnes anabadwa ana fifitini, koma khumi okha anapulumuka wakhanda. Ojambula zithunzi za nthawi zambiri za pa akazi ake nsalu zokha ayi kapena okonda. Ine sindikufuna kukhala padera kwa zimenezi ndi Vermeer Yan. zaluso zina ankafotokozedwa Catarina. Mwachitsanzo, tikuona ake pakati pa lona "A mayi ndi zolemera."

kukula ntchito

banja ziboliboli sanali osauka. Poyamba kudyetsa banja lalikulu wathandiza hotelo "Mechelen", yomwe ili pa msika lalikulu waukulu Delft. ojambula zithunzi Dutch amakhala osati mu umphawi. Zojambula ndi zinthu za luso ntchito anali kwambiri mu ankafuna mu dziko Dutch. zochepa talente ambuye panopa podzikundikira chuma chachikulu, kujambula pa zojambula angapo mwezi. Koma Jan Vermeer sanali kuthamangira. Iye analemba zojambula ziwiri pa chaka. sluggishness amenewa kwambiri kukwiya mayi ake chilamulo, koma osati ogula. Iwo anali okonzeka kulipira zojambula wake ndalama zambiri. The admirers chachikulu cha mbuye anali Hendrick galimoto Buyten ndi Yakobo Dissius, wophika ndi wofalitsa Delft. chakuti kupenta Yana Vermeera m'nthawi anayamikira, umboni ndi chakuti chithunzicho kawiri osankhidwa mkulu wa munalidi gulu la Luka Woyera (mu 1662-1663 ndi 1670-1671, motero).

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Master polemba chinenero kupenta ndi ofunika monga luso wotsutsa. Mwalumikiza yekha mu moyo wa Vermeer ulendo kunja kwa mzinda. Akanakupatsani sanasiye Delft ngati Fredrick William, Elector Brandenburzhskomu, sanapereke kugula mndandanda wa Roma ndi zojambula Venetian. Kuti lankhosa wojambula monga katswiri pa Hague kufufuza kudalirika kwa zojambula lapansi. Anasunga notarial chikalata, umene umati mbuye Yordans Yakob ndi Vermeer Yan zojambula sadapezamo ovomerezeka ndi ofunika chakhumi cha mtengo kufunsa. Woterowo wojambula mtima pang'ono kutha masiku ake umphawi. Iwo anayamba Dutch-French nkhondo, zimene inatenga zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mu 1672. Art malonda chisanu. Vermeer anakakamizika kubwereka ndalama kudyetsa banja lalikulu. Mu 1675, chithunzicho anadwala n'kumwalira. cholowa wake wachoka angongole.

Vermeer Yan: m'nyengo yoyambirira ya zilandiridwenso

Young Master kalekale mchikakamizo cha Chitaliyana Baroque. zojambula ake oyambirira anati zithunzi yaikulu ndi chapamwamba. wojambula ananena kuti nkhani zachipembedzo ( "Khristu mwa Mariya ndi mbale wake Marita"). kukopa kwake ndi Dutch mbuye polemba chinenero kupenta wa Pieter de A Hooch. kalembedwe wake wapeza kupitiriza ndi chitukuko zojambula za Vermeer. The kupenta zofunika kwambiri nthawi imeneyi angatchedwe krupnofigurnoe kupenta "The Pimp." Akukhulupirira kuti chiwerengero kumanja - wosadziletsa chithunzi cha chithunzicho. Zikuchokera zojambula "The Pimp 'owala, wa ponda achinyamata ndipo zimamvekera. Kamvekedwe mtundu molimba mtima pamodzi yamawangamawanga sonorous wa mtundu woyera. Popeza malemu 1650s wojambula kusintha chithunzi unsembe. Iye analemba chithunzi ang'ono ndi makhalidwe chimodzi kapena zingapo ndipo ikusonyeza osati mochuluka kwambiri nkhani mzimu ambiri, zinkakhalira powonekera. Komabe, ankamvetsera mwatcheru mwatsatanetsatane, kusinkhasinkha kuyatsa kuti amasintha mkati mwa m'tauni yaing'ono ya chipinda. Chitsanzo nthawi imeneyi zojambula ndi "The Bakuman ndi kalata", "The Milkmaid", "zingwe".

Jan Vermeer "Bakuman ndi Pearl ndolo"

Izi wotchuka kupenta pa chithunzicho. Adzaupereka kwa Hague Museum, koma konse pafupifupi kukakwera pa malo - kotero nthawi zambiri maulendo dziko. Mtsikana otchulidwa pachithunzipa limatchedwa "North Mona Lisa." Master ndi chithunzi ichi nditafika pachimake pa namatetule wake. Mtsikana - monga mwa munthu ukazi wosakhwima. nsalu zonse chinamulowerera wopandamalire lyricism. The akutembenuza mitu ndi maso mosadziteteza, ngale buluu mtundu mpango pa maziko mdima, ngati unali losonyeza. Amene akufotokozedwa mu kupenta Yan Vermeer? Bakuman ndi Pearl ndolo ... Izo zikhoza kukhala Mary - mwana wamkazi wamkulu wa chithunzicho. Koma, monga adani kukangana mfundo imeneyi, woyamba kubadwa m'banja anaonekera mu 1653. Choncho, pa nthawi ya pachithunzipa (1665) Mariya anali khumi okha. Kaya anali mtsikana pa cithunzithunzi, komabe bwino pamwamba mwana ziboliboli.

zojambula waposachedwapa

Kumapeto kwa 60 ntchentche za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, chithunzicho anasintha kalembedwe wake pang'ono pokha. Tsopano iye ali awiri mitu ankakonda kuonekera. Izi njonda ndi madona amene ali kukambirana wochirimika, kumadutsa vinyo kapena kusewera nyimbo mu chipinda molemera, chokonzeka. Mwachitsanzo, "Chikondi Letter" ndi "Mtsikanayu ndi gitala." Nkhani yachiwiri - anthu kwambiri ndi ntchito yawo. Maganizo kufuna kwa munthu chimasonyeza zojambula za "zakuthambo", "Geography", "Mu situdiyo ndi ziboliboli." Labor ndi Employment akazi - ndi nkhani ina, imene imatchulidwa pa mapeto a moyo wake waufupi Vermeer Jan. Penti "The Lacemaker", "The Lady mu spinet ndi", "Mayi Blue Kuwerenga ndi Letter" ndi "The mtsikana kuyesera pa mkanda" - yowala swatches kwa nyengo ya chithunzicho.