Valaam obisika. Mpulumutsi Chiwalitsiro Valaam ansembe yotchedwa

Male stauropegic Valaam ansembe yotchedwa pachilumba cha Valaam zilumba, amakopa amwendamnjira ambiri pofuna kukhudza tiakachisi cha Orthodox. Amazing osowa zachilengedwe zokongola, mtendere ndi remoteness ku madding khamu kusiya kuganiza Sitidzaiwala alendo onse ku malo oyera.

malo obisika

Mbali kumpoto cha Nyanja ya Ladoga (Karelia) ili zilumba ndi pafupifupi 50 zilumba ndi malo pafupifupi 36 sq. Km. Yaikulu ya izi ndi chilumba lolemekezeka la Valaam. Chikhalidwe cha malowa ali ndi chidwi ndi zapadera zokhudza alendo kwa chilumbachi. Koma anakopeka malo odabwitsa, osati izo. Yosatheka kuneneka chiyero cha malo awa chingatilimbikitse waukulu alendo afuna kukaona obisika.

azambiriyakale ambiri amakonda tsiku - mu 1329, kusonyeza kuti ndi malo woyera akhazikitsidwa chaka chino. Valaam ansembe yotchedwa mobwerezabwereza pansi moto ndi chiwonongeko, chifukwa anasowa umboni, kunyezimiritsa deta mbiri pa gulu la moyo kumene kumakhala Amonke mu malo awa. Chifukwa, lero pali Mabaibulo atatu a magwero a Valaam ansembe yotchedwa, kugwirizana ndi zikamera wa chilumba Chimonko awiri a St. Sergio ndi Germana Valaamskih, wamba chikhulupiriro pano Orthodox ndi kuika maziko a monasticism.

1. Malinga ndi mwambo kumene kumakhala Amonke, zikupezeka mu malemba mabuku mapemphero, mu X m'zaka za chilumba anadza awiri Greek mmonke (Sergio ndi Herman) ndi ntchito kuphunzitsa achikunja Russia. Popeza anadzakhala pachilumbachi, iwo anakhazikitsa ena obisika ndipo anatengera chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu m'madera amenewa.
2. Baibulo lina zikusonyeza kuti Serge anali wophunzira Andreya Pervozvannogo, amene anafika ndi kudalitsidwa mu I m'ma malo oyera, kuyembekeza chitukuko cha Chikhristu pano. Sergiy Valaamsky ndi mwana wake Herman anavutikira pa Valaam, atagona apa nthaka yachonde kwa kulalikidwa kwa Chikhristu.
3. Malinga Sophia ngati mpukutu wolembedwa m'mabuku a mbiri yakale, m'zaka za m'ma XIV pachilumba anakakhala Chimonko woyamba amene akufuna kusiya zinthu za mdziko ndi kupanga chintchito Mkhristu pa malo awa. M'busa makolo - Sergio ndi Herman, Valaam zodabwitsa-antchito, nafika ku dziko ili, kuyambira ndi Chiwalitsiro obisika wake pa Valaam Island. Chimonko anathandiza kuvomerezedwa cha Orthodox mu Karelia, kuteteza chipembedzo choona cha nkhondo ndi ziwawa chikoka Swedish Akatolika. Lolemekezeka Chimonko Sergio ndi Herman anakhazikitsidwa mu 1329 pachilumba cha Chiwalitsiro obisika ndi kogona, amene poyamba anakhala yodzaza chifukwa cha mphamvu zauzimu ndi nzeru za oyambitsa ake.

The heyday wa agulupa ya

Kutchuka kwambiri anafika obisika yekha mu zaka XV-XVI. Nthawi imeneyi, panali kwa anthu 600. Agulupa ya Valaam ansembe yotchedwa ntchito mwakhama ndipo anachita ft pemphero m'makoma mchitidwe ndi maselo kumene kumakhala Amonke. Choncho, obisika pang'onopang'ono atatchuka lonse, kukopa okhulupirira ambiri aulendo.

Tidakhala ili mwachindunji ili m'malire a Russia ndi Sweden, chifukwa cha zimene mobwerezabwereza pansi anawazunza ndipo owonongedwa. Chifukwa cholimbana zonse anatenga Chimonko ambiri anaphedwa ndi zigaŵenga osakhulupirira ena Chimonko anathawa posapeleka kukana zida.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVII agulupa anali lenilenili ndi kuwonongedwa, ndi dziko la chilumbachi anasamukira ku malo a Sweden. Patapita zaka 100, chifukwa cha Wamkulu kumpoto nkhondo, Peter Ine, Balamu akubwerera ku doko lakwathu. Mu 1715, mfumu inalamula kubwezeretsa obisika ndipo pomanga Chiwalitsiro Cathedral.

tidakhala hayala

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, chifukwa cha changu cha Abbot Nazaire, Stern hayala adakhala (a chitsanzo hayala wa Sarov Hermitage anatengedwa) pasukulu ansembe a. Chin zonse mbali zonse za moyo wa anthu poganiza mitundu itatu ya moyo kumene kumakhala Amonke la kudzipatula, ndipo coenobitic Skete. Hermitages ili pa zilumba zosiyanasiyana chilumbachi, kupereka abale mwayi kulimbana ndi mtima wonse kuchotsa. Pamene abbot Nazaria anayamba mwala nyumba pachilumba anamangidwanso Paulo Chipata Church (1805) ndi Marian kuchipatala mpingo "Moyo wopatsa Spring". Komanso, belu nsanja inamangidwa mamita 72.

Nagona pa m'ma XIX

Valaam Chiwalitsiro ansembe yotchedwa unafika pachimake m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Zinali nthawi imeneyi zinamangidwa zipilala ambiri amene anapulumuka masiku ano. Mu 1839, pa mutu wa agulupa iye anali abbot a Damasiko, anakhala pa udindo uwu zaka 42. Iye zathandiza kusintha kwa yomanga pachilumbachi, ntchito akatswiri yekha mapulani.

M'zaka zomwezi, chifukwa ophunzira Paisija Velichkovskog, anatsitsimuka mwambo wakale wa akulu, anafuna thandizo lauzimu ndi chitsogozo kwa oyamba Chimonko. Oyang'anira oyendayenda ambiri kuyesera kupeza malangizo, pemphero ndi madalitso a anthu woyera, anadza ansembe kutali.

Achifumu zambiri ankabwera tiakachisi agulupa ndi akachisi. m'banja lachifumu zonse anapita pachilumbachi, poganiza kuti mtendere wa mumtima ku madding khamu. Ambiri otchuka alakatuli Oimba, asayansi, olemba ndi akatswiri ojambula zopita pa Valaam.

Pa nthawi imene Soviet

Kuyambira mu 1811 mpaka 1917 Valaam zilumba anali mbali ya Russian Ufumu, Grand Duchy la Finland. Chifukwa chakuti pambuyo October kuukira boma, Balamu anayenda State osadalira pa Finland, matchalitchi sali pansi misa kuwonongedwa ndi boma la Soviet ngati anasunga nyumba zakale.

Chifukwa wa Soviet-Chifinishi nkhondo, chilumba wadutsa mu malo a Soviet Union. Kuthaŵa chizunzo ndale ndi maganizo, ansembe anakakamizika kusiya obisika, popeza anasamukira ku Finland. Kuno ku malo atsopano, iwo anakhazikitsa Chatsopano Valaam obisika, asayambe miyambo. Valaam obisika anasiya nyumba zakale ankagwiritsa ntchito mwa mphamvu Soviet zolinga wamba. Kuyambira 1950 mpaka 1984 mu nyumba zakale obisika linaikidwa Valaam nyumba wolemala nkhondo anamenyela.

Chitsitsimutso cha obisika ndi

Mu 1989, madzulo a phwando Andreya Pervozvannogo anatsitsimuka moyo kumene kumakhala Amonke pa Valaam. Mu 1991, obisika analandira udindo stavropigialny. Anamuika abbot ya agulupa Pankraty (Zherdev), Bishop wa Utatu. Today Valaam ansembe yotchedwa pafupifupi 160 Chimonko, komanso nakhalanso ndi moyo skete - 10 mchitidwe umenewu abwezeretsedwa kwa nyengo yaifupi. Mu 2008 inamangidwa latsopano, St. Vladimir a obisika, omwe m'nyumba ya makolo akale amakhala, owonetsera zakale ndi chizindikiro-kupenta pagululo.

maulendo wopita ku Valaam

Haji Service wa Valaam ansembe yotchedwa bungwe limodzi tsiku ndi Mipikisano ulendo chilumba ndi malawi ndi hotelo malawi. Akhristu Orthodox pa Haji, mukhoza nawo kuzungulira tsiku kulambira kumene kumakhala Amonke ndi kulambira tiakachisi Mkhristu. kukawona nezi ndi nsembe pa chilumbachi dziŵani alendo ndi chikhalidwe, mbiri, zomangamanga ndi tiakachisi wa Valaam.

tiakachisi wa Valaam

Ambiri Orthodox Akristu amakonda kukaona Valaam obisika wauzimu kumpoto mbali ya Russia, ndi cholinga kukhudza malo opatulika, ndi kuona kukongola kwa chilengedwe pachiyambi. Amodzi mwa malo ambiri anafika pa Valaam ndi Mpulumutsi Chiwalitsiro obisika. Ntchito yomanga tchalitchi inayambika mu 1887 ndi kudzipereka anatenga malo okhawo 1892nd lapansi. Mu ulamuliro wa Soviet nyumba pang'ono mosatsata ena zothetsera mapulani. Pansi a tchalitchi anali opatulidwira polemekeza St. Sergio ndi Germana Valaamskih, ndi pamwamba - polemekeza Chiwalitsiro cha Ambuye.

Okhulupirira Orthodox amwendamnjira amakonda amalambira zotsalira za anthu amene anayambitsa obisika a - ndi abambo oyera Oyera Sergio ndi Germana Valaamskih. Cancer ndi kachisi ku Woyera Chiwalitsiro Cathedral.

Mmodzi wa tiakachisi kwambiri akulemekezedwa wa agulupa ndi zozizwitsa chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu (Valaam), lolembedwa ndi mmonke Alypy mu 1878. Wina chizindikiro zozizwitsa za agulupa za - chizindikiro cha Woyera wolungama Anna, ndi matriarchs wa Khristu, mndandanda wa pachiyambi Phiri Athos ndipo ali zodabwitsa machiritso katundu osabereka.

Choir wa Valaam ansembe yotchedwa

Dalitso la Ambuye Pancratius, Bishop wa Utatu Woyera, anakonza Gala konsati kwaya ya Valaam obisika. Regent ndi wotsogolera kwayala Alexei Zhukov ndi wojambula analemekeza wa Republic of Karelia. Soloists a timu, akuwauza oyenerera oimba, kusonyeza mkulu akatswiri akhale mmisiri. Chaka chilichonse kwayala nawo mu kupembedza khololo wa Valaam ansembe yotchedwa, ndi wopambana wa mpikisano ambiri choral mu Russia ndi mayiko ena.

Kuwonjezera konsati itatha, pali kwaya ya Valaam ansembe yotchedwa, ndilo chikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana yoimba znamennyh amalonda. Kwayala motsogozedwa ndi ierodyakona German (Ryabtsev) nawo mu misonkhano komanso amachititsa konsati ntchito, kupereka nyimbo zambiri mogwirizana kapena polyphonic ntchito za luso lakalekale. Gulu amapilira ali m'njira yachilendo wa ntchito - woyera, ntchito yeniyeni, gulu loyimba kwambiri, malowedwe kwambiri ndi ubwenzi.

The repertoire nyimboyi zosiyanasiyana mapemphero apadera monga znamenny kukuwa ndi ntchito ololezedwa. Valaam obisika amagwira mogwirizana ndi dipatimenti ya Russian wakale akuimba St. Petersburg Conservatory. Aphunzitsi ndi thandizo kwambiri mu phunziro la Lazaro wakale znamenny kuimba.

Masalmo

Valaam ansembe yotchedwa amadziwika ntchito yake ya maphunziro. Mu 2000, dalitso la Abbot situdiyo kujambula la Masalmo a Mfumu Davide anapangidwa. Masalmo kuwerenga kumatenga maola asanu ndi limavomerezedwa ndi ntchito choral mapemphero ena. Masalmo wa Valaam ansembe yotchedwa chotchuka kwambiri osati pakati pa okhulupirira Orthodox Christian, komanso aliyense chidwi mwambo mpingo kuwerenga mapemphero.

A farmstead wa Valaam ansembe yotchedwa

Kumene kumakhala Amonke pawiri ndi gulu la obisika, izo zikhoza kukhala mu mzinda uliwonse wa Orthodox, agulupa umayendetsedwa ndi phunziro kwa chigamulo bishopu wake. Mpulumutsi Chiwalitsiro Valaam ansembe yotchedwa ali 4 farmstead:

1. Pawiri Valaam ansembe yotchedwa ili Saint Petersburg, yomwe ili Narva Chiyembekezo, 1 / Old-Peterhoff Chiyembekezo 29 ....
2. Valaam ansembe yotchedwa - Moscow: Address obisika - St. 2 Tverskaya nyumba 52.
3. Mu mzinda wa Priozersk farmstead ili ku up. Pushkin, 17.
4. Mu Republic of Karelia farmstead ili mu dera Sortavala, Krasnaya Gorka, St. Nicholas Church.