Udindo lawolawo ku Nyanja Black. Map amayang'anira, zithunzi

Udindo lawolawo ku Nyanja Black, mwina kudziwika kwa nzika iliyonse m'dziko lathu. Chifukwa chiyani? nkhani zonse ndi kuti pafupifupi tonsefe kamodzi pa moyo, koma pa gombe lake, chabwino, kapena mukukonzekera kupita kumeneko mu tchuthi chanu chotsatira.

Map ya Black Sea Russian limasonyeza kuti dziko lathu amauza ndi Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria ndi Romania.

About malo, mbiri, nyengo ndi makhalidwe a m'dera nyanja ya dzikoli ndipo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Gawo 1. General mudziwe

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa Nyanja Black pa mapu a dziko lapansi, tikuona kuti adzaupereka kwa nyanja ya Atlantic beseni ndi amatanthauza mtundu mkati mwa nyanja. padziko m'dera pafupifupi 422,0 sq M.. Km (malinga ndi zina -.. 436,4 zikwi sq km).

Zowoneka, nyanja akufanana mawonekedwe a chowulungika ndi olamulira chachikulu cha 1150 Km. Kutalika pazipita kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera ndi 580 Km. Avereji kuya - 1240 m, ndi apamwamba - 2210 m.

Black Sea madoko ndi chiwerengero cha ubwino, chifukwa gawo madzi a m'nyanja dziko olumikiza Marble mwa Bosphorus zina mwa Dardanelles (Helesipotale) - ndi Mediterranean ndi Ege, ndi Kerch Khwalala - ndi nyanja Azov.

Mu madzi ake adutsa mzere wa malire pakati Europe ndi Asia Minor. Kumpoto kwa nyanja kutali mu Crimea chilumba.

madzi ake kusamba m'dera la maiko angapo: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Romania, Turkey ndi Bulgaria. Mu gombe la kumpoto-kum'mawa ndi pang'ono anazindikira boma la Abkhazia.

Pool Nyanja ali ndi chuma osowa. zigawo zake m'munsi wodzazidwa ndi sulfide wa hydrogen, chifukwa cha zomwe akuya woposa 150 mamita moyo kwathunthu kwina (kupatula a mitundu ina mabakiteriya).

Udindo lawolawo ku Nyanja Black ndi bwino. Chifukwa chiyani? Chinthu n'chakuti yofunika kwambiri zachuma ndi zoyendera njira ndi asilikali, komanso wina wa m'madera waukulu zamasewela wa Europe ndi ku Asia. Ku doko la Sevastopol ndi Novorossiisk lolunjika waukulu asilikali m'munsi mwa Russian Black Sea zombo.

Gawo 2. Mbiri ya Black Sea

Photos of Nyanja Black, monga ulamuliro, zikope tcheru mopereka chiphuphu ena kukongola ndi kukula. Koma chimene kodi timadziwa chiyani za iye?

Choyamba, osanenapo kuti ndi wachinyamata nyanja ndi unformed topezeka kuti akupitiriza kusintha: kusintha madzi, pali mtundu watsopano wa nyama ndi zomera, ndi zina kutha.

Kale, ndipo ndi za 8 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo, iyi inali nyanja, ndi nyanja zonse. dongosolo lake kwachilengedwenso kwambiri atengeke zinthu kunja - chikoka cha nyengo kapena anthu. Ngakhale kuti n'chochepa kwambiri kuposa nyanja ndi moyo ndi zochepa osiyanasiyana, ndi Black Sea gombe ndi zachilengedwe zake ndi chidwi asayansi.

Gawo 3. Kodi tsoka kwa nyengo?

Nyengo ya Black Sea chifukwa cha m'ma Africa malo ndi makamaka amatanthauza mtundu chokhala. Pakuti dera lino amakhala ndi ofunda, nyengo yamvula ndi yotentha. Kumwera gombe la Crimea ndi kugombe la Caucasus kutetezedwa mphepo ndi mapiri, chotero Mediterranean subtropical nyengo.

Udindo lawolawo ku Nyanja Black ndi nyengo ndi chikoka yofunika kwambiri zowononga Atlantic, yomwe kubweretsa namondwe ndipo chithunzithunzi ozizira. Mphepo kum'mwera kumadzulo malangizo zambiri kubweretsa lonyowa Mediterranean misa mpweya.

Mu January, kumpoto amasunga kutentha pafupifupi kwa + 2 ° C, koma chayamba kuti -5 ° C, chisanu kugwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kwambiri otentha pa kum'mwera m'malire a Crimea ndi Caucasus. Pali kawirikawiri pansipa + 5 ° C.

Iyulskaya mpweya kutentha pa ndi zaka nyanja kumpoto +25 - + 27 ° C. Chifukwa nyanja, kutentha mpweya zambiri sasefukira pamwamba 37 ° C.

M'dera lotentha kwambiri ndi Black Sea gombe la Caucasus, kumene avareji + 17 ° C pa chaka. Pa nkhani gombe Caucasus kwa mvula kwambiri (mamilimita 1,500 pachaka), kupatula iwo kumpoto chakumadzulo (mpaka mamilimita 300 pa chaka).

Nyanja Black kosamugonjera yozizira koopsa, madzi si kuziziritsa pansipa +8 ° C.

Gawo 4. nyama ndiponso zomera

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo zimene majeremusi padziko Nyanja Black? Mapangidwe limasonyeza kuti Black Sea zomera tichipeza mitundu yoposa 260 wobiriwira, wofiira ndi zofiirira algae benthic: kladofora, Ulvi, Cystoseira, eelgrass, etc.

Nyanja timayandama zikuphatikizapo mitundu pafupifupi 600, Pakati pali diatoms ndi dinoflagellates oimira (dinofizis, aleksandrium, protoperidinium).

Flora zochepa osiyanasiyana poyerekeza, mwachitsanzo, Mediterranean. Mu madzi a m'nyanja amakhala mitundu 2,500 ya nyama, kuphatikizapo mitundu 160 ya nyama ndi nsomba zamoyo 500, 500 nkhanu, 200 nkhono ndi invertebrates ena. The Mediterranean ndi za 9,000 mitundu moyo lero.

Pansi pa nyanja, anapeza chitetezo nkhono ndi mamazelo, nkhono ogwirira rapana. M'matanthwe a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi miyala mungapeze nkhanu, pali modabwitsa, nkhanu, anemones siponji.

The paucity zinyama anakhudzidwa ndi amenewa ndi kutentha madzi, komanso mapangidwe sulfide wa hydrogen kozama. Komabe, nyanja madzi abwino kwa kuli mitundu Hardy kuti sitingafunikire kutero mozama.

Gawo 5: ali pogwiritsa pa Nyanja Black chiyani?

pogwiritsa Russian ya Black Sea gombe ili m'dera Krasnodar. Wotchuka kwambiri wa iwo - Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik ndi Tuapse. Izo anamanga pogwiritsa bwino ndi.

Ili pa Crimea Peninsula akugwiritsa Evpatoria, Alushta, Yalta, Sudak, Simferopol, Feodosia, Black ndi Chimphamba. A paradaiso yosangalala ndi pogwiritsa wa Abkhazia. Ndi matawuni akuluakulu alendo a Ukraine uli Odessa, amene wakhala zisakuyenda ngale chenicheni mwa nyanja.

Sochi

Tinaganiza zopita ku Nyanja Black? Traveler Reviews linagwirizana kuti sapita palidi sayenera, ndi chofunika kuti uwu uli makamaka kwambiri.

Choyamba, tiona kuti Sochi ndi kum'mwera ndi otchulidwa achisangalalo wa Russia. Ndipo izo ziri apa, pa gombe, pali ambiri mwa mahotela ndi pogwiritsa.

Beach yina Sochi chimakhala cha May mpaka m'ma October. Sunny nyengo kumatenga masiku 300 pachaka. Yabwino subtropical nyengo, mchere akasupe ndi matope ndi bongo ndi achire zotsatira pa anthu. Chipatala chaching'ono pofuna kutenga chaka chonse.

Chikhalidwe cha m'dera lino ndi wapadera ndi inimitable: phiri maphompho ndi mitsinje chipwirikiti, mathithi ndi m'mapanga, nyanja ozizira, nkhalango moti otsetsereka ya m'mapiri ski. Malowa kukopa okonda panja masewera kwambiri.

Sochi wotchuka osati gombe holide, komanso zokopa chikhalidwe. Pali zambiri zakale masewera, malo achisangalalo, malo odyera ndi mabala usiku.

Yalta

Mmodzi wa odziwika bwino kwambiri m'matauni Crimea achisangalalo ndi Yalta. Komanso, ali pakati umodzi mwa mizinda wokongola kwambiri mu dziko.

Lamakono achisangalalo chodabwitsa malo otchedwa Nyanja Black. mapu limasonyeza kuti magombe kuno alidi yaikulu motsatizana kwa 72 Km.

mzinda imatengedwa likulu la pogwiritsa Crimea ndi yofunika utsogoleri, chikhalidwe ndi alendo pakati pa kum'mwera kwa Crimea.

Kuchuluka kwa dzuwa ndi zomera, mchenga ofunda ndi nyanja, mpweya wabwino, mapiri ndi nambala yaikulu zokopa kulenga zinthu yabwino kwa mpumulo ndi kuchira.

Abkhazia

Ndipotu zikuoneka kuti Mulungu analenga malo awa munthu. Beach nyengo chimakhala cha May kuti October ndi masiku 220 chaka mungasangalale dzuwa.

M'madziwo ali otsika zili mchere, momveka ndi abwino kusamba. Ulendo wa Abkhazia - anthu kuchereza alendo, chikhalidwe zazikulu ndi zambiri zipilala mbiri.

Zokopa maulendo motsogozedwa ndi mathithi, mchere akasupe ndi Nyanja Riza, mapanga karst ndi bwinja la mzinda wakale. The pogwiritsa wotchuka a m'dera - Pitsunda, Gagra, Sukhumi ndi Gudauta.

Abkhazia kuyenda makampani kusiyana mofulumira: anakongoletsa nyumba yakale chiphaso namanga Map latsopano omasuka, ndi misewu yodzaza ndi odyera ndi enawo zosangalatsa. Amodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri tchuthi mzinda Pitsunda, amene wazunguliridwa ndi nkhalango paini, amene analenga microclimate chapadera ndi machiritso paini fungo.

Apa, ngakhale yotentha, mwatsopano ndi ozizira. pogwiritsa onse imeneyi Bay kwabasi pafupi ndi nyanja.

Gawo 6. kayendedwe ka madzi mu Nyanja Black

Akukhulupirira kuti Black Sea madoko zambiri za ubwino. Fotokozani. Childs, gawo ili la nyanja dziko ndi wabata ndi wamtendele. Bakuman kuonekera mu nyengo mphepo, nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira. kutalika wawo 15 m, amene ndi oopsa yekha zotengera yaing'ono. Mafunde musalumphe 10 cm ndipo pafupifupi wosaoneka.

Ambiri, m'nyanja pali mitundu iwiri ya utuluke - pamwamba ndi iwiri. Mtundu woyambirira chimphepochi mphepo ndi yamasika anapanga pa Bosphorus ndi Kerch m'mavuto ndi chifukwa cha kusiyana osalimba a madzi mu mabeseni awiri.

pamwamba-mtundu mawonekedwe otaya awiri mphete chatsekedwa. mphete Western tapers kwa kum'mwera ndipo m'lifupi ndi popenyana ndi Danube Delta 100 Km. Mlingo wa otaya ili pafupi 0,5 km / h. mphete East ukufika 50-100 Km, ndipo ali ndi liwiro la 1 Km / h.

Kawiri otaya mu Bosporus chifukwa kuwombola madzi pakati pa Black ndi Marmara nyanja. The mbandakucha zochepa mchere Black Sea madzi akulowa Marble imathamanga mpaka 2 Km, ndi ilandira m'munsi njira ya saltwater Marmara.

Wina iwiri chifukwa anapanga pakati pa Black ndi Azov nyanja. Pankhaniyi, desalinated madzi a m'Nyanja Azov afika njira kumtunda kwa Nyanja Black, chifukwa cha madzi mchere.

Kuwonjezera mafunde yopingasa ndi ofukula njanjira mwa zigawo madzi a pamwamba (80 m).

Gawo 7. Kuopseza kwa nyanja, mphepo ndi chifunga

Udindo lawolawo ku Nyanja Black chimasonyeza kuti pali fogs pa gombe kapena madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja makamaka mu nyengo yozizira. Chifunga anapanga pa nyanja pafupi ndi gombe pamene nkhondo ya dziko la ozizira mpweya nyanja.

Pa gombe, zikuoneka kawirikawiri mu kasupe. nebulae ambiri anaona m'nyengo yozizira, makamaka Bosphorus khwalala (kwa masiku 80 pa chaka). Komabe, pali okhalitsa chifunga. Mwachitsanzo, Odessa, m'nyengo yozizira iwo lolimba kwa masiku 10. Photos of Nyanja Black, wopangidwa nyengo monga chonchi, ndi romanticism makamaka ndi chinsinsi.

Mphamvu ndi liwiro la mphepo pa nyanja kuposa pa gombe. Pamene zowononga pamwamba panyanja chinyezi kwayamba wosakhazikika vertically, n'kupanga mmene kanyamaka wa mphepo na Anthufe tikuvutika oopsa zotengera yaing'ono. Liwiro yozizira umalandira kuchokera 3 40 m / gawo. Nthawi zina pali namondwe. Usiku mphepo kubweretsa ozizira pa gombe.

Gawo 8. Black Sea mafunde ndi oopsa

Komabe, wonyenga ndi ankhanza angakhale ndi Nyanja Black, makhalidwe a m'dera nyanja lonse momveka bwino kuli pano akulowera variable imatsogoleredwa padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa counterclockwise.

Kukhazikitsa mphete ziwiri, amatchedwa "mfundo Knipovich" (polemekeza hydrologist, amene anafotokoza zodabwitsazi). Liwiro kuyenda zimadalira kasinthasintha dziko lapansi. Komanso, kusintha otaya amakhudza mphamvu ndi malangizo a mphepo. Nthawi zina vortices m'mphepete mwa nyanja uka, ukuperekedwa otaya chachikulu (anticyclonic m'zinthu).

Movement wa mafunde chapamwamba longshore ndi variable ndipo watsimikiza ndi mphepo. Mmodzi wa mumaganiza awa akutchedwa Tyagun anapanga kukachita namondwe. Bakuman akukuta pa gombe, zikuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono mitsinje wamphamvu mu chifanizo pansi mchenga wa njanji. utuluke izi n'zoopsa kwambiri kwa anthu, ndipo akhoza kukwaniritsa kutali pamtunda. Kutuluka iwo, muyenera kusambira tsidya si mzere woongoka, diagonally.

Gawo 9. N'chifukwa nyanja ndi wosakhazikika? An nthano zakale

Black Sea pa mapu a dziko lapansi, ngakhale wamkulu, Tingaone bwino. N'chifukwa chake, mwina sankadziwa izo nthawi yaitali, kuwonjezera nkhambakamwa ndi epic retelling. Ndipo apa pali mmodzi wa iwo.

Kale munkakhala ngwazi wolimba, ndi wolimba umene kulemba nthano. Tsiku lina mfiti akale anaganiza kumupatsa muvi matsenga, amene mphamvu zamatsenga anali amadalira cholinga cha munthuyo. Atagwa m'manja mwa woipa amene amabweretsa, izo zikhoza kubweretsa kwambiri za mavuto pansi. Bogatyr konse ntchito, ndipo popanda kufunika apeze phindu. Popeza atakula, anayamba kuyang'ana kwa munthu amene angakhale woyenera kupatsidwa muvi. Koma mwini woyenera akanakhoza kutsegula chinsinsi ake.

Ndiye ngwazi anaganiza kubisa zida Nyanja Black ndipo anafunsa ana ake kuti apite naye pakati penipeni pa izo. Iye ankadziwa kuti iwo anali nthawi oyamba kukwaniritsa udindo wake, nawabwezera. Ana a chifuniro cha Atate, ndi kuchepetsa Boom pansi pa nyanja. Izi zinamukwiyitsa nyanja, zinali phokoso ndi afunitsitsa kuponya ku gombe muvi.

Gawo 10. Nyanja Black kutentha?

Kodi inu munganene kumene ndendende Nyanja Black? mapu limasonyeza kuti m'pofunika kwambiri kuganizira kum'mwera apanyanja malire a mkhalidwe wathu. Ndipo, ndithudi, izo ndi lotentha kwambiri. Komabe, pali maganizo kuti kutentha ndi pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka. Kodi?

Black Sea (Krasnodar dera walandiridwa monga maziko phunziro) wodzazidwa ndi sulfide wa hydrogen, choncho yabwino kokha kwa moyo wa zigawo madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo pamwamba. Mwa njira, chifukwa cha ichi amatanthauza munthu wa kunyanja bwinja dziko.

Komanso pa topezeka la nyanja limakhudza anthu likutentha, zomwe zachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka kutentha mpweya chisanu ndi chosakwanira kuzirala kwa zigawo chapamwamba pa nyanja. Kuchita zimenezi zimapangitsa kukhala kovuta ofukula kasinthasintha wa zigawo madzi a pamwamba pa malire mozama kuti asunge sulfide wa hydrogen ndi.

Kwanyengo kwachititsa chakuti sulphide wa hydrogen zone mpaka pamwamba pa nyanja pafupifupi 12 mamita, ndi madziwo anakhala opanda moyo. Voliyumu ya madzi, mpweya wabwino akupitiriza ndichepe, kuchititsa kudera nkhawa kwambiri zachilengedwe. Choncho, Nyanja Black, amene amayang'anira 43 ° 17'49 "ndi. yakumadzulo. 34 ° 01'46 "a. e., osalephera, adzapitiriza konzekera.