Tsarskoye Selo: bwanji kuti kumeneko? Maulendo mu Tsarskoye Selo

Tsarskoye Selo, komanso magulu ena ambiri pafupi ndi St. Petersburg, ndi chipilala cha luso malo ndi zomangamanga zofunika dziko. Mzinda wonse uli pa mndandanda wa zinthu atetezedwe UNESCO.

mabusa mbiri

mbiri kuno ku mwala uliwonse, ndipo anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kudziwa zimene Tsarskoye Selo. Kodi tifike kwa ilo - alendo nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Mzinda kumpoto kwa likulu osati zochepa wotchuka kuposa malo mbiri ya St. Petersburg. Mu mndandanda wokongola wa nyumba ndi paki ensembles, ankakhala mu mzinda wa mzinda ndi ayenera kukaona, pali ngale monga Pavlovsk ndi Strelna, Oranienbaum (Lomonosov) ndi Peterhof (Petrodvorets), Kronstadt (poyamba Kronshlot) ndi chuma "Penates" (House Museum Repin). Pushkin (Tsarskoye Selo) si malo otsiriza mu mndandanda.

Mbiri ya zomangamanga wapadera ndi changwiro. Izi zambiri zalembedwa, koma kumvetsa kutchuka zosaneneka za njira, inu muyenera kukumbukira osachepera, monga momwe mwala uliwonse ndi zinapatsira ndi chikumbukiro cha ndakatulo Russian, olemba mabuku, akatswiri ambiri ankaphunzitsa.

Tsarskoye Selo ndi mabuku Russian

"Apa kudzoza Pushkin unabadwa, naikula mu bata mosangalatsa. Apa Lermontov lathered kavalo akuthamanga squadrons wasayansi ... "ndipo" ... adayenda pang'ono Tiutchev, anasochera ngati mthunzi, Vladimir Solovyov ... "mukhoza umasinthasintha kulankhula za udindo wa Tsarskoye Selo mu moyo wa Fedora Tyutcheva ndi Nikolaya Gumileva, Innokentiya Annenskogo, Olgi Berggolts, Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky. mawu enieni ayenera udindo wa Tsarskoye Selo mu moyo wa Anny Ahmatovoy. Kodi ndinene za A. S. Pushkine, ngati dzina lake linaperekedwa kwa mzinda? Zaka zingapo sukulu si bwino kupenta Ili Repina "Pushkin pa mayeso Lyceum mu 1815." Iwo akunena wamng'ono ndakatulo kuwerenga ndakatulo wake Derzhavin. Zinthu a ndakatulo iyi moyo imeneyi chipilala china lodziwika bwino analengedwa ndi ntchito R. R. Baha akonzedwa mu 1900, zomwe palokha kungakhale chifukwa cha maulendo kuti Tsarskoye Selo. bwanji kuti apa nkhaniyi? yankho akhoza kuwapeza mabungwe kuyenda, zimene zimapereka kwa maulendo munthu ku zinthu payekha kumzinda chipilala.

ulendo zolembalemba

Ngakhale kuti mapulani ndi mbiri yakale malo mzinda alendo ambiri sadziwa chilichonse, anthu okonda mabuku, makamaka ndakatulo, sizidzatha kasupe yaitali patsalanso mumzinda wotchedwa Tsarskoye Selo. Momwe kuti Pushkin, anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane lopangira aliwonse St. Petersburg ndi madera ozungulira. Pali banja la zodutsa pansi udindo "zolembalemba Tsarskoye Selo", ndi epigraph Aliyense wa iwo angakhale mawu a Anna Akhmatova "Pali lire ambiri anapachikidwa pa nthambi ..." ophunzira maulendo kuphunzira Baibulo ameneŵa bungwe lotchedwa "Tiyeni tipite kwa Tsarskoye Selo ..." (A. M. Gorodnitsky). maulendo izi kupereka yobereka munthu alendo.

A mbiri pang'ono

Kwa nthawi yoyamba akhala asonyezedwa 1501 wotchedwa Staritsa pa mapu wasenza kwa Boris Godunov. Monga Tsarskoye Selo malo adanyamuka 1710 monga Manor mseri kwa mbuye amene anadzakhala Mfumukazi Catherine I.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi Catherine Palace. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti poyamba (1717-1723) iye yokongola ya gulu loyimba lonse inamangidwa ndi Johann Fridrihom Braunshteynom, masiku a moyo sakudziwika, koma ntchito zambiri kukometsera St. Petersburg mpaka tsopano, akhalabe pafupifupi mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi. Yowala wa iwo - zinthu Peterhof: Marly Palace, Hermitage Pavilion, ndi inali yaikulu mu wotsika Park ndi zinthu zina zofunika. Koma ngati chifukwa cha kukumbukira osauka za yekha (iye anali atakonza chiwembu, mu 1728 anachotsedwa Russia), kapena kuti Baibulo choyambirira sanali ndithu zikugwirizana zokonda za Catherine II, Mfumukazi ya autocrat Russian, ndi kuchokera 1762 mpaka 1796, koma nyumbayo kwathunthu adzamangidwenso. Ndi 1743 pa 1756 ulendo wake anasunga lero, ine ntchito Rastrelli.

Zokopa waukulu Tsarskoye Selo

Mndandanda wa zinthu zakale ndi mapulani popanda kufotokoza mwachidule amatenga tsamba theka la malemba typewritten. Tsarskoye Selo ku St. Petersburg mu 1992, analandira udindo wa m'nyumbayi-otetezedwa. Choncho, mu phunziro m'dera ankatetezedwa ndi ntchito mode m'gulu zinthu. The kwambiri zikuphatikizapo Catherine ndi Alexander Parks, Great Catherine ndi Alexander Nyumba pavilions "Hermitage", "Grotto" ndi "White Tower", ndi nkhokwe ndi Admiralty, ndi Chinese Theatre ndi mudzi. Chidwi Gothic nsanja Chapelle, Ratna Komiti ndi Ana House. Ngakhale m'dera limeneli ndi chinthu kuchokera ndithu nyengo zosiyana - "Sabuweyi Romanovs 'zotsalira za yapansi zomangamanga, kumanga mfundo zomwe zayamba pansi Catherine II. Loti kunena za mudzi Fedorovskoye kuti anayamba kumanga mu 1913 kalembedwe Russian kuti anali wotchuka kwambiri pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Nicholas II. Aliyense wa malowa ali ambiri ake a mini-malo woyenera kukhala kuti cholinga cha ulendo kuti Tsarskoye Selo. Ngakhale mumayenda kuitanira mini-chinthu dziko wotchuka Amber Malo. Iye kukongola, wapadera, mbiri atigwira, kufufuza ndi kuchira kwachititsa kulemba oposa khumi ndi chimodzi mabuku.

Njira, kuyambira ubwana

Pakuti ambiri alendo mumzinda Tsarskoye Selo "Momwe kumeneko?" - funso ndi wosavuta. Ambiri njira - minibuses K287, K545, K347 kapena basi yoyenda nambala 187 kuchokera "Moskovskaya" siteshoni okwerera sitima. Pali okwerera basi pa "Kupchino" siteshoni okwerera sitima pa Vitebsk Avenue. Popeza kutchuka malangizo, minibuses achoke pa intervals wa mphindi 10-15. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito sitima kuti Vitebsk Station.

Admirers kunandithandiza

Ngakhale mu nthawi zingapo, pamene likulu la kumpoto ankatchedwa "Peter", Tsarskoye Selo, momwe kuti pali - zonse ndi zonse chidwi anthu, chifukwa kukongola kwenikweni n'zoonekeratu kuti zigawo zonse za anthu. zaka Soviet nawo malo awo mu mbiri ya mzinda. Kuyambira mu 1918 izo anadzatchedwa Ana Mudzi Uritskogo kwathunthu nationalized ndipo inasanduka Museum. Mu 1937, mzinda afika dzina latsopano - ndi Pushkin mogwirizana ndi chikumbutso 100th imfa ndakatulo a. Pambuyo ntchito ndi kuwonongedwa kwa mzinda, pambuyo looting (chitsanzo akanati sanapeze ndi Amber Malo) Tsarskoye Selo linakhalanso kwa nthawi yaitali. M'zaka za mphamvu Soviet wabwezeretsedwa onse zipangizo zofunika, ntchito yomanga maofesi atsopano (Railway Station Square), kupsa mu wonse mapulani gulu loyimba. Zinthu anali anamangapo kusintha malo a mzinda. Nthawi zonse, nthawi zonse - ndi Tsarist ndi Soviet - dera mabusa mbiri ya St. Petersburg anali chikondi chapadera kwa anthu okhala likulu kumpoto. The kuchuluka kwa alendo pa mlungu yaikulu kuti pali malangizo: cholinga chidziwitso chinthu ichi bwino pitani pa mlungu.

Tikumbukenso kuti onse njirayo, kutsogolera kuchokera ku St. Petersburg, Pushkin, ndi mwachangu ankamangidwanso, latsopano anamanga. Zonsezi chifukwa tsiku pafupi kuzungulira ndi (zaka 180) pa tsiku la imfa ndakatulo a.