The original pamanja warlock Herbert Avrilakskogo m'ma chakhumi

Umunthu Herbert Avrilakskogo chidwi kwambiri komanso m'nthawi yake ndipo spawned ambiri nthano, ngakhale pamene moyo wa ichi chithunzi modabwitsa anthu. Ngakhale tsopano n'zovuta tiyerekeze kuti munthu mmodzi ntchito achipongwe osiyanasiyana monga "Warlock," "wasayansi" ndi "Papa". Komabe, izi zonse ndi zina zambiri moyo wabwino mwa munthu mmodzi. Amene anali kwenikweni warlock Herbert Avrilaksky otchulidwa pa ntchito yake wosafa "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" ndi Mikhail Bulgakov? Tiyeni tiyese kudziwa zoona zenizeni za munthu wochititsa chidwiyu, amene anakhalako cha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi.

Russian mabuku a Warlock wotchuka

Ambiri mwa nzika anzathu omwe sanamvepo za Herbert Avrilakskom. Ndipo, ndithudi, ndiribe nkomwe imene ingatithandize kudziwa ntchito yake ndi mphatso za chitukuko cha sayansi European. Chinthu chokha kumene anthu masiku ano akhoza kumva dzina la chithunzi kwa ife - ndi m'kamwa mwa Woland Bulgakov, amene adanena za mpukutu woyambirira weniweni anapeza warlock Herbert Avrilakskogo chakhumi atumwi. wongopeka ananena kuti mwapadera anafika ku Moscow kuwerenga izi pamanja chachinsinsi mwachinsinsi otsekeredwa mu chapansi wa State Library.

Koma chisakhale Voland, wotchedwa Herbert Reims (ichi ndi chimodzi mwa maina ake ambiri) "warlock"? Kodi anthu ndi mbiri akhoza kukwera Holy See ndi Tchalitchi cha Katolika kutsogolera Europe? Zonsezi sangathe pamodzi ndi njira zoyenera wasayansi wake amene amapezeka munthu uyu mu ntchito zake zoyenera kompyuta ndi zakuthambo. Amene anali kwenikweni Herbert Avrilaksky? Nanga nkhani zokhudza iye malire pa zopeka, ndi kudziwa tinganene kuti odalirika? Nkhanizi onsewa tidzakhala nawo mu zigawo izi kwa nkhani ino.

Ubwana ndi unyamata wa papa tsogolo

Anabadwa Herbert Avrilaksky m'zaka za m'ma 10, za makumi anai mu France m'dera chete Auvergne. banja lake ankasiyana umphawi, kotero kuti kuyambira ali mnyamata ananditumiza agulupa ya St. Gerald. Pali mwana chidwi anaphunzira choyamba, amonke yomweyo anaona mwa iye Ambiri Amakonda sayansi, maganizo Nditchimo ndi chidwi kwambiri.

Patapita zaka zingapo maphunziro, iwo anazindikira kuti iwo sakanakhoza mnyamata kudziwa lalikulu limene iye ankafunitsitsa. Kuti chimwemwe cha Chimonko kwa iye zina bizinesi Ine athamangisa Chiwerengero Borrell wa Barcelona, iwo anamupempha kutenga mnyamata chopambanitsa chidwi. Agulupa ankaganiza kuti Spain adzatha kukhudza Herbert kwa sayansi ya dziko Arab, ndi kuti apeze zimene kotero anafunitsitsa. Graf anatenga mnyamatayo Catalonia, kumene chigawo chatsopano cha moyo wake.

Kumudzi otsiriza Achikristu

Kamodzi Spain, mnyamata unasamutsidwa kwa boma la Vic, kumene anam'tumiza Bishop Hato maphunziro. M'zaka za chakhumi, Catalonia anali mpukutu laling'ono la dziko la Chikhristu, atazunguliridwa ndi Arab Caliphate. Iwo m'mphepete mwa Andalussiey kuti analola mnyamata kukaona ku Cordoba - mudzi waukulu wa caliphate lapansi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa nthawi iyi, Europe analibe pang'ono wa Chidziwitso ndi dziko Arab. Laibulale yaikulu ya Caliphate anaonedwa mipukutu zikwi mazana asanu ndi Mfundo pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana za sayansi. Onse a iwo akupezeka kufufuza wasayansi wina amene kwenikweni odzipereka zinthu zatsopano kuchokera ku gwero.

Dziwani kuti mfundo laibulale mipukutu Herbert Avrilakskogo pafupifupi alodzedwa. Iye sakanakhoza kugwetsera ndekha kuwachokera, atakhala kwa maola kuwerenga. Mfundo zimenezi kuchokera yonena za anyamata m'tsogolo kukhala maziko kuzitcha izo ndi "warlock." Ndipotu iye anali katswiri mawerengero Arabic, amene opareshoni mosavuta kukumbukira kuti chidwi m'nthawi yake. Luso limeneli ananena yekha luso zamatsenga anyamata. Pano ku Spain, mnyamatayo anali ndi mwayi ntchito ndi abacus, amene tinganene kuti poyamba kompyuta makina mu dziko. Chifukwa kenako anatuluka zambiri ndi zipangizo zina zambiri mwamsanga kubala kuwerengetsera zovuta kwambiri.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Herbert Avrilaksky anayamba kulemba Mfundo pa nkhani kuyambira Masamu nyimbo. Onse a iwo anadzakhala m'munsi kwa asayansi European.

Wopita ku Rome ndipo amakhala ku Reims

Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri a atumwi khumi, mnyamata woyang'anira wake anapita ku France, kumene ankadziwa bwino mutu wa Mpingo wa Katolika ndi Mfumu ya Ufumu Woyera wa Chiroma. Otto Ndinachita chidwi ndi maganizo ndi nzeru mnyamata atatsimikiza kuti iye ndithandize mwana wake. Kwa deta utakhala Herbert anakhala zaka zingapo, anayesetsa kugwira ntchito yake mwa kuphunzitsa tsogolo mfumu zonse adadziwa yekha. Koma patapita kanthawi iye anazindikira kuti ayenera kupitirizabe kuphunzira ndipo anapempha chilolezo kwa mfumu kuti Reims, kumene bwino ku sukulu nthawi mu France.

Apa warlock Herbert Avrilaksky mipukutu amene anali zoyambirira za chiphunzitso cha nkhani zina, anakhala kwambiri zaka. Iye ankachita nawo nyumba thupi, woyamba ku Ulaya, abacus, anaphunzitsa apamwamba, dialectic ndi kusonkhanitsa Mfundo kawirikawiri kwa laibulale.

Nthawiyi moyo wake kuyenda nthano zambiri, koma mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti ambiri a iwo ndi woona. Mwachitsanzo, tikudziwa kuti tsiku lonse, iye kutsutsana ndi dialectician wotchuka ku Germany, potsiriza adatopa mfumu, amene anaima kuchipembedzo wake wa mkangano wa asayansi awiri. Ndiponso, Gerbert Reymssky anali wokhoza kuyala maziko a scholasticism European chomwe pambuyo anali wotchuka France osati kokha, komanso kumayiko ena. Kuchokera ku Ulaya akhamukira wapadera ophunzira munthu, koma mwadzidzidzi anasankha mkulu wachipembedzo.

Tiara Papa

N'zochititsa chidwi ndi Renato kwa nthawi kuti wasayansi, adiresi imene nthawi zimanenedwa ufiti ndi kulankhulana ndi mdierekezi, zedi amapanga ntchito mpingo, kupeza kusankhidwa akutiakuti. Millennium Herbert anasankhidwa papa, ndipo anayamba kudzitcha Sylvester II. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mutu wa Mpingo wa Katolika unali ku France amachokera kubanja losauka, wopanda maphunziro apadera.

Mu udindo uwu Herbert inatenga zaka zinayi, ife mowirikiza anakumana ndi zipolowe otchuka, amene anakakamizika Papa, pamapeto, kuthawa Rome. Wophunzira ake anayesa kangapo kundipatsa mpando wachifumu, koma sanathe kukwaniritsa zimenezi ndipo anafa. Komabe, wasayansi ndi luso ndi chithunzi onse akadzamwalira kachiwiri anapezanso mutu wa mutu wa Mpingo wa Katolika ndipo posakhalitsa anafa pansi pa dzina la Sylvester II.

Black Bakuman: Herbert Avrilaksky

Zonse ife ndinakuuzani inu za mwina odabwitsa kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi cha munthu, n'zovuta kumvetsa chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri wodzudzulidwa monga warlock a. Koma kwenikweni anapita za nthano zambiri, malinga ndi zimene iye anali kugwirizana ndi mdierekezi ndi om'tsatira ake.

Mphekesera kwambiri zosaneneka wafunsira chisankho cha Herbert Reims papa. Ambiri a m'nthawi yake anauzidwa kuti udindo wake analandira pambuyo kuwina mdierekezi mu fupa. Mu masewerowa wasayansi sanali ofanana, kotero anatha kuononga gehena mtumiki. Ndiyeno, analumbira kuti apambane kukwaniritsa chokhumba chilichonse. Chifukwa, mutu wa Mpingo wa Katolika anakhala Sylvester II.

Nthano ina limatiuza za mmene Avrilaksky Herbert muli nzeru zake. Ena French amanena kuti Cordoba, anaphunzitsidwa ndi amatsenga otchuka omwe wogwidwa buku lapadera. Ndi matsenga zonse zodziwika amatsenga ndi amatsenga a masiku amakedzana anasonkhana. Akathyali France anaganiza kuba chuma, ndi kunyengedwa mwana amatsenga a. Khungu ndi chikondi iye anapereka yekha usiku wophunzira bambo matsenga m'buku, kenako Herbert mbisoweka. Mmawa wotsatira wamatsenga anapereka kuwathamangitsa, iye ankakhoza kumverera onse amene anali pansi, pansi ndi mu mlengalenga, mosavuta anagwira wobisala. Komabe, iye anatha kubisa pansi mlatho, tripping pa magawo ake yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda. Motero, iye anali kutetezedwa ndi zonse diso lopenya wamatsenga. M'tsogolo, monga anthu anati, buku matsenga kangapo anathandiza Herbert zochitika zawo.

akulankhula mutu

Support mphekesera musiyane chatsopanochi Papa ndi warlocks ndi nkhani ya kulankhula mutu. Malinga ndi nthano, iye anapita Herbert Avrilakskomu ndi adepts ya chinsinsi anthu zamatsenga kuti alipo masiku awa ena mbiri. limagwirira chonchi angayankhire mafunso ophweka zofuna mayankho monosyllabic "inde" kapena "ayi."

Akukhulupirira kuti mutu uwu ananenera imfa ya Papa, pambuyo Misa mwambowu Dziko Woyera. Pambuyo maulosi amenewa Sylvester II anakana kupita ku Israel, koma imfa mochenjera kwambiri kuposa iye.

Posthumous tsogolo la France woyamba Woyera See

Ngakhale imfa ya Herbert Reims waphimbika mu nthano ndi chinsinsi. Ena a m'nthawi yake nadzinenera kuti iye anafa monga pambuyo unachitikira mu utumiki waung'ono mpingo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti papa sanadziwe kuti anthu anamutcha iye "Yerusalemu." Choncho unakwaniritsidwa kuneneratu matsenga mutu. Akufa, Sylvester II analamula kudula thupi lake mu zidutswa ndi atabalalika mbali zosiyana. Ambiri anati chifukwa iye anali kubera mdierekezi, amene anagulitsa moyo wake.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa manda a wasayansi wamkulu analemba mawu wamba. Iwo akhoza kumasuliridwa kuti pali kuneneratu ena. Malinga ndi iye, asanamwalire papa wotsatira m'manda mausiku angapo mudzamva kubangula kwa mafupa Avrilakskogo Herbert, amene sangathe kupeza mtendere m'manda ake.

Mipukutu ya wasayansi wamkulu

Nanga mipukutu? Pajatu ali nawo, ndipo tinayamba nkhani zathu za munthu uyu zapadera. Mwatsoka, atamwalira, palibe wina wapeza timapepala iliyonse, zimene muli kudziwa lachinsinsi. Komabe, olemba mbiri amati Prince Vladimir anabatizidwa Lazaro, panokha anakumana ndi Sylvester II. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti Bulgakov analemba ntchito yake pa mipukutu lenileni lomwe anali kwa zaka zambiri dziko lathu.

Ngakhale kuti malemba zamatsenga kulibe, asayansi European mwakhama ntchito Mfundo sayansi, analemba nthawi ina Herbert Reims. Munthawi ya moyo wake anagwira malemba pa zakuthambo, masamu ndi anayambitsa dongosolo la mawerengedwe zochokera abacus Arab. Komanso, wasayansi anatha kuika maziko a zowulutsira, kupanga zida zoimbira kalembedwe Pythagorean. N'zochititsa chidwi limba anamanga papa m'tsogolo Reims, akhoza zimachitika woyamba mu Europe zida hayidiroliki nyimbo.

N'zoona kuti anthu amene akufunafuna zakalezo Herbert Avrilakskogo ndi mitunduyi ndi matsenga kudziwa mwina angakhumudwe ndi nkhaniyi. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri a nthawi yathu imatengedwa chuma chenicheni Mfundo sayansi, amene anasiya mbiri ya mibadwo ya m'tsogolo kwambiri chachinsinsi wamatsenga za m'ma chakhumi.