The mitundu ikuluikulu ya kulankhula (kalasi 2). Kodi mitundu ya kulankhula?

Munthu aliyense kupatulapo ochepa akhoza kulankhula ntchito amalankhula. Tikamasonkhana anthu akhoza kufotokoza maganizo awo ndi malingaliro, kulankhula za mkate, zosangalatsa. Kulankhula chinathandiza munthu kuwuka kwa apamwamba mlingo wa chitukuko. Mu mabuku ambiri a sayansi pali zifukwa zambirimbiri kwa gulu la mawu. Ambiri, kuphunzira chinenero njira zolankhulirana ndi kofunika kumvetsa njira amabweretsa chidzachitika chikumbumtima anthu pamene wapakamwa mogwirizana ndi ena. Pambuyo kupeza luso chinenero unachitikira mosalingalira ndi mwachibadwa. Sukulu amapereka ntchito timudziwe bwino chiphunzitso za mitundu ya kulankhula kalasi 2 ophunzira. M'tsogolo, zinenero ophunzira vuto kuphunzira philology ukatswiri. M'nkhani ino tikukamba pa kufanizitsa a woomba mitundu ya chinenero.

Chiwerengero cha interlocutors

Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane njira zosavuta kulankhula. 2 sukulu malinga ndi pulogalamu yophunzitsa anayambitsanso mfundo kwa kukambirana ndi monologue. Gawo limeneli lili monga maziko chiwerengero cha ophunzira mu ndondomeko kulankhulana. Choncho, mawu amenewa gawo lofanana ndi "-log" omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Greek kuti "Mau", "Kulingalira" izo. " Zimatengera kunayambira ku chinenero chimodzi cha "rekodi" amatanthauza "munthu". Choncho, monologue - ndi munthu mmodzi loyang'anizana kaya, kapena omvera iliyonse. Nayenso mbali ya "di" m'Chigiriki amatanthauza "ziwiri." Choncho, kukambirana - ndi kutonthozana mauthenga pakati pa interlocutors awiri. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo aliyense wa iwo monologue. Lingaliro la kukambirana ndi kusintha replicas.

Atafunsidwa yonse ya kulankhula, anthu anena kuti ngati tanthauzo ambiri. Komabe, mtundu wina ofanana kulankhulana ndi polylogue. "Pole" kutanthauza "ambiri". Apa tikukamba za kukhalapo kwa interlocutors awiri kapena kuposa.

Chikhalidwe cha zinazi

Kodi ena mitundu ya kulankhula? 2 kalasi akuphunzira gulu la kulankhulana mwachindunji, osati zochokera chiwerengero cha interlocutors. Chifukwa china gulu la chinenero amatumikira kukongola ndi sublimity wa kalembedwe wake. Pamaziko a muyezo izi, aliyense ngati Mitundu ya kulankhula, monga chisanadze kulemba, zolembalemba, ndi ovuta mawu. Choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane mtundu woyamba wa chinenero.

Pozungulira

Monga tikudziwa, anthu aphunzira zimalira poyamba, ndiyeno kokha - yosonyeza m'nkhaniyi. Poyamba, analipo yekha mu mawonekedwe m'kamwa. chilankhulo Preliterate lero zikuphatikizapo makamaka mogwirizana chikhalidwe, umene konse zitalembedwa ndi kufika mu kuli zinachitika wa chizindikiro sayenera. Zikuphatikizapo zosiyanasiyana zokambirana m'kamwa, kulemba pa nkhani ntchentche Fairy, mphekesera mobwerezabwereza opatsirana. Chiphunzitso cha zilankhulo ndi mitundu yofala chisanadze kulemba mawu mphekesera, kukambirana ndi folklore. Chifukwa cha wosankhidwa ndi chiwerengero cha uthenga kubwezeretsa. Choncho, mphekesera ndi chinaonekeranso kamodzi kokha. Cholinga cha mtundu wa kulankhula - popereka mauthenga ena kwa aliyense wa kuyankhulana ndi. Uthenga uwu udzawonongedwa mwamsanga pamene izo zifika interlocutors onse, monga kubalana ake mobwerezabwereza Sikuti. A kuletsa kubalana akhoza kusweka, koma ngati mphekesera akuyamba alipo mwa mawonekedwe osiyana - mu mawonekedwe a miseche ndi misinform khalidwe.

Preliterate mu mawonekedwe a kukambirana, taonera Komabe, gulu ichi, ntchito ndi matanthauzo yosiyana. Apa cholinga si chiwerengero cha interlocutors ndi chiwerengero cha masewero ndi zamalankhulidwe katundu malemba. Kucheza phindu izi amaonedwa monga akonzedwa ena mawu a mabungwe osiyana pa nkhani yomweyo. Tinganene, malemba ndi chinaonekeranso kamodzi kokha, chifukwa ngakhale pa nkhani ya gwero mobwerezabwereza, kubwereza mawu analankhula kale, kusintha kamvekedwe kapena mawu dongosolo.

Pomaliza, nthano - mtundu preliterate wa kulankhula, amakhala ndi kubwerezabwereza angapo. Mosiyana ndi mphekesera folklore ndi cholowa chikhalidwe ndi malemba ake bwino anapulumutsidwa zaka. Kuti mtundu uwu monga nkhani wowerengeka, nthano.

m'mabuku

Takambirana preliterate monga woyamba wa mitundu ya mauthenga malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha olankhulidwa. Tsopano tiyeni tione chinenero mabuku. Pali malo kutali kulankhulana tsiku ndi tsiku. mtundu wa kulankhula amakhala ngati odzikweza, waluso. Poyamba, m'mabuku zalembedwa pa pepala ndipo mukhale ndi ubale lakutali kwambiri mauthenga mawu. Koma ndiye iwo analoweza ndi n'kukhala phokoso. Ndi kuyamika chotero ndondomeko zovuta kulenga malemba chifukwa kupeza mkhalidwe wawo abwino. Pali mitundu ya kulankhula mabuku Chirasha, apamwamba ndi homiletics. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Oratorika

mtundu uwu kumasulira mabuku a m'lemba ndi mawu a munthu pamaso pa omvetsera enieni, kumene kumakhudza zikuluzikulu mitu omvera. Pankhaniyi wolankhulayo sizingatheke kukhazikitsa kukambirana ndi omvera. Akukakamizidwa kuti obwera onse mawu a munthu. Chitsanzo cha apamwamba ndi funso milandu. Mwachitsanzo, wachilamulo m'mawu ake omaliza ali ndi mwayi woonetsa luso kulankhula ndi kusonyeza masomphenya lenileni la vuto, koma iye sangakhoze kufunsa mafunso omvera. Ophunzira akuchitanji ndi mawu a malangizo yomweyo m'kati anavomerezana naye mwina kupeza mfundo yake ya view. Choncho, oratorika analandira akupereka monologues.

homiletics

Atafunsidwa kuti mitundu ya kulankhula (zolembalemba) kulibe, sikutheka osanenapo mtundu wa mawu. Poyerekeza ndi homiletics oratorikoy zambiri monga kukambirana ndi. Ngakhale kuti kuno kwambiri pali pokonzekera mawu m'kamwa, koma wochititsa si akuyenera kupereka anthu onse chidwi ndi uthenga umodzi. Monga ulamuliro, izo linagawanika mu zigawo zina za kowonekera kwambiri omvera. Mawu amenewa kukhomerezeka pa maphunziro a anthu. Mafunso ziti za kulankhula, ndi kutchula mpingo, kulimbikitsa ndi kuphunzitsa mtundu wanyimbo homiletic ofunika.

mawu ubusa

Mtundu uwu wa homiletics lolunjika pa zimakhudza ophunzira, makamaka, maganizo awo ndi chifuniro. Mpingo uli mu mtundu wa homiletics ulaliki mitundu, zokambirana ndi kuvomereza. Choyamba ndi nkhani zina zina za choonadi zopatulika. Mlaliki m'mawu ake amanena kuti anthu kuti kusintha kudziwa alipo anthu utithandize kufunika awo, mizere kunsi kufunika kwake. The kuyankhulana nawonso, ndi kuyesa kuloŵerera wa anthu choonadi chimene anali kuperekedwa mu ulaliki wa. Chinthu otsiriza kuvomereza. Wansembe kulapa, ndipo akuona mmene,, anthu mankhwala awo, anapanga kulankhula, zomwe cholinga kusonkhezera munthu cholinga cha kusintha nyengo mu moyo wake.

ndondomeko chiphunzitso

Homiletics wafala dziko lonse la maphunziro. Waukulu mitundu ya kulankhulana aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira ndi nkhani misonkhano ndi chiphaso / mayeso. Ndi wosavuta zikugwirizana ndi mitundu ya mgwirizano pakati pa abusa ndi okhulupirira zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Nkhani, komanso ulaliki anafuna kuti asonyeze zofunika ndi malongosoledwe a omvera awo. Komabe, mosiyana homiletics mpingo, yomwe ikukhudza kungotchula mawu odziwika anthu kuti tiyambe kugwirizana awo, maphunziro ikukhudza omvera uthenga watsopano, mudziwe ndigwira osadziwika.

Tsopano yerekezerani siteji yotsatira ya maphunziro kulankhulana msonkhano ndi kuyankhulana ndi. Othandiza kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi ophunzira imachitika kutsimikizira pati ndi khalidwe la kuloŵerera chidziwitso. Pomaliza, mayeso ndi mtundu wa chibvomerezo, pamene mphunzitsi amayankha maganizo a ophunzira a choonadi amene iwo anali kuperekedwa mu nkhani ya.

mawu malonda

kulankhula wodziŵa umalimbana kufalitsidwa ndi malonda a zinthu zina, imakhala choonadi kale kudziwika, pamodzi ndi latsopano. Choncho, mabodza homiletics ndi osakaniza mpingo ndi maphunziro.

Tsopano tiyeni tione mitundu ya kukhalapo kwa malemba. Choyamba mwa zinthuzi ndi kukwezedwa (ntchito kwa kulanda nzeru yeniyeni). Chinthu chachiwiri ndi kampeni pamene wochititsa yilungamitsidwa kusintha kwa chinyezimiro kuchitapo kanthu. Pomaliza, mawonekedwe lachitatu mabodza homiletics ndi malonda, amene ali zimakhudzanso kulamulira dzuwa la mukubwadamuka.

Kumveka malemba olembedwa

Si nthawi zonse munthu amene akufuna kulankhula mokweza olembedwa, amaphunzira izo. Kotheka, mwachitsanzo, kuwerenga. Mwa njira, ndi kulembedwa pa lembalo ndi mawu - izo mitundu ya kulankhula, kuyandikira olembedwawo. ali woyenera ndi kumanga mfundo zomveka Malemba chifukwa akukonzekera machitidwe mawu pa pepala. Monga poyamba ananena, phokoso kumachitika mu mawonekedwe a azikambirana. Mu mawonekedwe a Mawu, monga ulamuliro, lemba chabe chitaperekedwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito intonations ena komanso nkhope. Mwa kuphunzira mitundu ya kulankhula, ana 2 kalasi anakumana ndi mawu zinenero ngati declamation. kuwerenga si kubwezeretsa makalata yosavuta limaonetseratu, ngakhale flatulence, rhythmic phokoso, monga ulamuliro, ntchito luso (kwambiri ndime).

chivomerezocho

Pali chifukwa chinanso kwa kufanizitsa malemba mawu. Choncho kuyankha funso, kodi mitundu ya kulankhula, kalasi 2 zochokera Zomwe mungaphunzire, angachititse gulu la mawu malingana digiri ake ankakonzekera. Nthawi zambiri, mawu onenedwa ndi ife yodziwika ndi akulembayo anapanga pang'onopang'ono, m'kupita kwa kukambirana. Mitundu wosaphunzitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a mawu zimachitika nthawi zonse, chifukwa ali yense anakumana ndi anthu ena a anthu kuposa kamodzi pa tsiku. Kumakhala kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku pasadakhale sangathe tikambirane, choncho palibe amayambira zolakwa malankhulidwe chete, ntchito ziganizo yosavuta ndi mawu ambiri. Poyankha, anakonza mawu (mwachitsanzo, pepala) amakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa chisanadze cholinga dongosolo komanso molondola anamanga.

Kumvera mfundo zonse zopezeka mu nkhani iyi, angachititse mawu otsatirawa: kukambirana ndi monologue; kukonzekera ndiponso osakonzekera; preliterate, nateronso mawu ndi mabuku.