The genera chachikulu cha mabuku ndi Mitundu

Zonse zolembalemba, malingana ndi makhalidwe a nkhani ndi udindo wolemba mwachibale kwa likuimira ogaŵikana mabanja. Ndipo aliyense wa iwo nawonso, ogaŵikana Mitundu.

Mu maphunziro zolembalemba, zotsatirazi zofunika mabuku ntchito: epic, lyric, sewero, zina akuwonjezeka kwa iwo ndi Mitundu lyric-yadzaoneni. Pakuti aliyense wa iwo, tidzakambirana Patapita kwambiri nkhaniyi.

Epos - njira kuona zochitika ku

Panthawiyo, Aristotle ankanena kuti nkhani angathe kuchitidwa kapena chinachake amakadula ku nokha (epos), mwina pa inu (mawu), kapena wina kuika nkhani m'kamwa mwa ngwazi za (sewero). Ngakhale, ndithudi, tanthauzo limeneli ndi operewera kwambiri, ndi kumlingo zimathandiza kumvetsa mfundo za kulekana kwa mitundu zaluso.

The zitatu mitundu ya mabuku, monga ulamuliro, anayamba kusamukira ku epic, amene ndi chifaniziro cholinga cha maphunziro a zimene zachitika payekhapayekha wolemba. Iye amagwira ntchito zoterezi, monga ulamuliro, monga Kulingalira kunja ndi pereskazchika. Ngakhale mlandu wa m'nthawi ya munthu ofotokoza wolemba amatenga udindo poyerekezera ndi zochitika zimene opatsirana m'mbuyomu - kuti akhale otchedwa "epic mtunda".

Luso epic Nkhani nthawi zonse unhurried ndi kukula ngati epic okonda amve. Izi, poyamba zambiri kusokoneza kupanga mabuku odziwika bwino pa siteji monga lemba zonse zotsatirazi kuti sewerolo alakwitsa yaitali.

Waukulu Mitundu epic anavomereza kuti nkhani, mabuku, nkhani yochepa ndi essays. Kuti epos akhoza zimachitika ndi ntchito za folklore - nkhani, nthano, epics ndi mbiri nyimbo.

Dziwani zambiri za Mitundu yaikulu epic

The genera chachikulu cha mabuku, monga tanenera kale, anawagawa Mitundu, ndi lalikulu kwambiri epics ndi epic buku. Iye kawirikawiri chimakwirira ena nthawi zakale ndipo zikuphatikizapo ambiri storylines kuti intersect ndi mzake (Ln Tolstoy "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" kapena M. A. Sholohov "Matama Umayenda ya Don").

Kumbuyo kwake pa chochuluka kukhala buku. polemba chinenero ichi mulinso ambiri otchulidwa ndi storylines. Ngakhale, mwachitsanzo, mabuku amakono ofufuza zambiri ndi chimodzi chokha mzere amenewa.

Mu mabuku, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha zosintha anaitana mtundu wanyimbo - banja, chikhalidwe, wamkazi, zopeka, zongopeka chabe, ofufuza nkhani, ndi zina zotero ..

Pa Mitundu yaing'ono epic

ntchito Basic mabuku asankhepo yaing'ono epic Mitundu. Zikuphatikizapo buku (ndi m'malo ambiri mawu a mtundu wanyimbo), yomwe imayang'ana, monga ulamuliro, tsogolo limodzi, kapena chochitika limodzi.

Nkhani ndi yakuti, ndi njira, imatengedwa wamng'ono epic mtundu wanyimbo (anayamba kutenga mawonekedwe okha oyambirira 19 c.), Ndi nkhani Nthaŵi zina kuchokera mu moyo wa ngwazi wa. ofanana kwambiri mawonekedwe nkhani ndi buku ano.

Mu mabuku amakono kulankhula mosiyana za nkhaniyo. Nkhani mu izo, monga kuyenera nkhani kapena buku, tapeza umboni zopelekedwa. Komabe, pakati Mitundu yonse otchulidwa pali mitundu wapakatikati.

Musataye kutchuka ndi maphwando a awo nkhani - nkhani ya nkhani zopeka ndi nawo lamulo la mphamvu zamatsenga. A ano nthano ali ndi nkhope wowerengeka, monga mwamphamvu kugwirizana ndi mafunde obscheliteraturnogo akavalidwe.

An mtundu epic zilinso otchuka masiku ano Mitundu, anecdotes zoseketsa, anecdotes, mafanizo ndi essays.

Mitundu m'nyimbo

Mmodzi wa mitundu itatu chachikulu cha mabuku - ndakatulo - wosiyana ena subjectivity ake ndi chidwi akukokomeza mu dziko kukopera. Pakuti yodziwika ndi emotionality unakula, chilakolako osati kusonyeza zochitika ndi maganizo munthu kwa iwo. Ndi chikhalidwe cha zinthu tatchulazi angapo m'nyimbo Mitundu: ode (woletsa kutamanda chilichonse ndakatulo), ndi elegy (a m'nyimbo kusinkhasinkha waufupi wa moyo) ndi Zotengera (accusatory, anakwiya ntchito).

Koma andakatulo ano, monga iwo amati, kulemba ndakatulo - kuti ndi ntchito kuti zikhale zovuta kapena zosatheka mosamalitsa zimachitika polemba chinenero chilichonse.

Mkati ndi kunja la sewero

Hegel, kuyesera kuzamitsa magawano bungwe Aristotle kwa genera chachikulu cha mabuku, anafotokoza kuti pa mtima la sewero ndi kaphatikizidwe lyric ndi yadzaoneni. Pambuyo sewero onse, mfundo zake view - ndi nkhondo zochokera zolinga munthu, amene Pankhaniyi anali chochitika mwachikulu zikuchitika.

Ndipo waukulu zimasiyanitsa mbali ya sewero ndi cholinga chake osati pa nkhani ndi chiwonetsero (moyo image) a inayake. Copyright kuyambira ndi pafupifupi kwina, ndipo ngati mu epic kuchititsa kukambirana - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa njira Kuwulura ngwazi, ndi sewero la kukambirana zambiri njira yokhayo kukufotokoza.

anasinthira kutsindika zimachititsa anasintha kwambiri dongosolo mankhwala. Kotero, izo zimakhala otchulidwa kwambiri wandiweyani, woyengeka, accentuated kuposa epic, mu kwenikweni amalenga zofunika mavuto kwambiri. Kugwirizana kwambiri ndi anati polemba chinenero zisudzo komanso chimagwira ntchito yaikulu - sewero nthawi zonse zodabwitsa zomwe, poyamba, ali mosamalitsa malamulo ndi kukula kwake.

Koma kumasulira sewero ngati mutu atakhala lolakwika kwambiri. polemba chinenero The akuzisunga imakhudzira owerenga ndi sanali kuchita pa siteji, ndipo pamodzi ndi m'bwalo la masewera, ndi moyo zolembalemba.

polemba chinenero sewero

The genera chachikulu cha mabuku, monga momwe mukuonera, ali Mitundu zawo. Ndinali nazonso lingaliro limeneli, ndipo sewero. The chidwi kwambiri ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri ya Mitundu modabwitsa nthawizonse tsoka ndi sewero lanthabwala.

Tsoka ndi chithunzi cha nkhondo wosadzayanjanika, amene nthawi zambiri mosalephera amapha m'chilengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri umatha ndi imfa ya ngwazi ya.

Comedy amakhala ndi zoseketsa njira azithunzithunzi kuti analalikira za chowonadi ndi nkhondo yeniyeni. polemba chinenero ichi iye sali maganizo kwakukulu ndi, monga ulamuliro, analola bwinobwino. Kusiyanitsa sewero lanthabwala otchulidwa sitcom ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito gwero la azithunzithunzi lapansi. Mbali yoyamba - izo nzosatheka zilembo, pamene lachiwiri - nyengo wawo. awa a mitundu comedies zambiri apanga.

Ndi mtundu wanyimbo kusinthidwa wa sewero lanthabwala chi akhoza zimachitika farce - ananena, dala azithunzithunzi lingaliro - ndi vaudeville ndi wowumitsa oseketsa nkhani.

Drama - ndi mtundu wanyimbo modabwitsa

The genera chachikulu cha mabuku monga sewero osati monga banja, komanso mtundu wanyimbo a. kufalitsa, iye analandira 18 -19 CC. Pang'onopang'ono chimakankhira okha mavutowa. Drama amadziwika nkhondo lakuthwa, koma si choncho lonse ndi zina si mosalephera, monga tsokalo.

Pakati pa ntchito ndi ubale ikupereka munthu ndi dziko. Chiwembu cha sewero, monga ulamuliro tingawapeze kwambiri - chifukwa cha ichi, anakhala mtundu wanyimbo kutsogolera mu repertoire ochitira masewero, kupikisana ndi sewero lanthabwala wotchuka kwambiri mu nthawi yathu.

Drama ali mitundu yosiyanasiyana: maganizo, nzeru zaumunthu, chikhalidwe, za mbiri yakale, chikondi, etc ...

ndi Mitundu lyric-epic Kodi

Mu mabuku maphunziro mfundo mtundu wanyimbo amaliona monga kukhala m'gulu makamaka ntchito zolembalemba, omwe ndi ogwirizana ndi zinthu zofanana. Mitundu, monga tanenera kale, anapanga mkati mtundu wa n'kukhala ngati chimake chenicheni cha mbali generic.

Koma mwina kuli Mitundu kupanga wapakatikati, amene akhoza kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri kapena zitatu zikuluzikulu mabuku ndi mitundu yake. Mwa njira zambiri zotere "kutikola" amapezeka pakati pa lyric ndi epic, amene amalola ofufuza ena kuwonjezera alipo wina mtundu zambiri (wachinayi) - lyric ndi yadzaoneni. Kwa iye ofufuza ena amanena ndakatulo (ndime ntchito ndi nkhani m'nyimbo kapena Nkhani kuti akufotokozera pa mbiri), m'Chiarabu (nkhani choyambirira ndime).

chifukwa

Kumene, aliyense zolembalemba, komanso munthu ali nazo chidwi kuwerenga kuti gulu la genera chachikulu ndi mitundu ya mabuku - zovuta ndi likupita inaccuracy. Ntchito zambiri za luso kuphatikiza mbali chifungulo cha Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo ngakhale yobereka. Ndipo ntchito owerenga si kuti bwino m'kagulu, ndi kudziwa chiŵerengero mmenemo koyambirira kwa mtundu.

Ndipotu mtundu wanyimbo - ndi zoona, osati ntchito yokha, koma mfundo ya chilengedwe chake. Ndiko kuti, pamene cholinga cha wolemba kulemba buku yekha mtundu wanyimbo kuti ali mu ndondomeko kulenga ya kubadwa akhoza kwambiri deform mbali yake yaikulu ndi kukankhira malire a mitundu, onse pa nthawi yake Mwachitsanzo, zimene zinachitikira Pushkin a "Evgeniem Oneginym". zilandiridwenso oona salola malire.