The conductive njira yaikulu ya chingwe msana

Kulamulira thupi lonse kapena aliyense limba munthu, galimoto, chofunika njira conductive wa chingwe msana. Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndiyo zimachitika yobereka, anatumiza anthu "kompyuta" thupi, ndithudi. kulephera mu ndondomeko kutumiza kapena kutenga zimachitika kapena reflex wachifundo chikhalidwe ndi zinadzala ndi pathologies kwambiri ndi thanzi moyo.

ndi njira mu ubongo ndi msana chiyani?

M'njira ubongo ndi msana kutumikira ngati nyumba zovuta ubongo. Mu njira ya ntchito yawo anazindikira lonjezo la zodabwitsa pulsed m'madera zenizeni za nkhaniyi imvi. Ndipotu, nyemba ndi chizindikiro kupangira thupi kuchita ubongo foni. magulu angapo a ulusi mitsempha mogwirizana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene conductive chingwe njira. Njirazi ndi monga:

• ziyerekezo misempha;
• associative njira;
• commissural kumangako spines.

Komanso, operability wa ochititsa msana inafunika kudzipatula zotsatirazi gulu malinga ndi zomwe iwo akhoza kukhala:

• mota;
• kukhudza.

Tcheru kuzindikira ndi ntchito galimoto ya anthu

Kapena njira imalandira tcheru msana ndi ubongo ndi mchitidwe singasiyanitsidwe ndi kulankhulana pakati pa machitidwe zovuta kwambiri m'thupi. Iwo anatumiza mopupuluma lonjezo kwa chiwalo chilichonse, ulusi minofu, manja ndi mapazi. mauthenga wa zimachitika mbendera - lofunika kwambiri kukhazikitsa anavomera kayendedwe co-ordinated thupi, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito khama aliyense sadziwa. Nyemba anatumiza ubongo mitsempha ulusi mukhoza kuzindikira kudzera tanthauzo la kukhudza, mphamvu ya ululu, thupi mode kutentha, olowa ndi minofu motility.

Njinga njira ya ubongo msana kudziwa khalidwe la reflex anthu anachita. Kupereka lonjezo la chizindikiro zimachitika kuchokera kumutu mpaka mapeto lokwera ndi reflex dongosolo akulu, iwo munthuyo luso luso kudziletsa galimoto - kugwirizana. Komanso pa njira izi udindo kumukopa kufala kwa zikhumbo motsogozedwa ziwalo zithunzi ndi Makutu.

Kodi njira?

Ataona zizindikilo anatomical wa chingwe msana, muyenera kuthana ndi mfundo kumene njira conductive wa chingwe msana ili, ngati mawu akuyenera ulusi ambiri mitsempha ndi nsalu. Iwo anayikidwa mu zinthu zenizeni zofunika: imvi ndi woyera. Inakula kotekisi ndi nyanga msana anachoka ndi hemispheres bwino, m'njira ubongo kudzera limasonyeza kupereka kukhudzana pakati pa magulu awiri deta.

Ntchito ya ochititsa ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri anthu mu kukhazikitsa zolinga ankafuna kudutsa m'madipatimenti yeniyeni. Makamaka, njira conductive wa chingwe msana zili mu linkawonongeka chapamwamba ndi mutu, anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane n'zotheka motere:

1. Associative kugwirizana - mtundu wa "milatho" kuti kugwirizana dera pakati pa hemispheres kotekisi ndi msana mtima mankhwala. Mu dongosolo lawo CHIKWANGWANI zimachitika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Yochepa asapitirire Chigawo kapena lobes ubongo. manyuroni yaitali zimafalitsa nyemba kudutsa mtunda wina pa nkhani imvi.
2. njira Commissural ndi thupi kapangidwe callused ndi kukachita ntchito utangoyamba mankhwala kugawikana mutu ndi msana. Yapamwamba kuchokera waukulu gawo pachimake ngati kunyezimira, iwo anayikidwa mu woyera msana mankhwala.
3. Ziyerekezo ulusi mitsempha anayikidwa mwachindunji mu chingwe msana. ntchito kumathandiza zikhumbo mwamsanga angabuke Chigawo ndi kukhazikitsa kulankhulana ndi ziwalo mkati. Kudulidwa mu akwera natsikira njira ya chingwe msana izo zifika ku mtundu wa CHIKWANGWANI.

Dongosolo kumtunda ndi ochititsa pambuyo pake

Kukwera njira ya chingwe msana amapanga amazifuna masomphenya, kumva, ntchito galimoto ndi chokhala ndi machitidwe zofunika kwa thupi. Zolandilira deta kugwirizana ndi mu mlengalenga pakati pa ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha ndi gawo loyamba la ndime msana. The akukwera njira ya chingwe msana amatha kutenga ndi kutumiza zina mphamvu zimachitika akubwera kuchokera pamwamba pa zigawo chapamwamba wa khungu ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous, moyo thandizo mabungwe.

Poyankha, ukutsika njira msana zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi boma lake:

• Pyramidal ubongo (zimachokera ku kotekisi oziziritsa, ndiye iri yofulumira pansi, anyalanyaza ubongo tsinde, ndipo aliyense mtengo lili nyanga zake msana).
• Minyewa chapakati (injini ndi kulumikiza kutsogolo nyanga hemispheres ndi khungwa ndi rootlets reflex; pamodzi ndi axons mu unyolo ndi zikuphatikizapo zinthu za dongosolo mantha zotumphukira).
• ulusi Spinocerebellar (ochititsa a m'munsi malekezero ndi ndime msana, kuphatikizapo mphero woonda ndi mitsempha).

Munthu wamba, osati apadera m'munda wa neurosurgery, n'zovuta moti kumvetsa dongosolo, amene ali ovuta conductive njira ya chingwe msana. Matenda a dipatimenti kwenikweni zosokoneza dongosolo ongokhala kufala ubongo mtima. Koma chifukwa thupi lake anthu alipo ngati amodzi umodzi. Chifukwa cha malangizo iwiri imene chingwe msana ndi njira conductive amaperekedwa ndi HIV nthawi ya zikhumbo zomwe timanyamula mauthenga ku limba ankalamulira.

Amatsogolera imalandira kwambiri

Kapangidwe ka mitolo mitsempha zinthu malangizo kumwamba, Mipikisano gawo. njira izi conductive anapanga kwa msana zinthu zingapo:

• Burdach mtanda ndi mtengo Gaulle (njira m'kati mwenimweni tilinazo kutayidwa kumbali kumbuyo kwa ndime msana);
• spinothalamic mtengo (ili kumbali ya ndime msana);
• Gowers mtanda ndi mtengo Flechsig (cerebellar njira ili mbali ndime).

Mkati intervertebral mfundo ili maselo a manyuroni digiri zozama za tilinazo. Njira isanafalikire pa malo zotumphukira ndi kulembedwa mu abwino kwambiri minofu minofu, tendons, ulusi osteochondral ndi maselo awo. Nawonso njira chikatikati selo, yothetsa kumbuyo, kusunga malangizo kwa chingwe msana. Kudzera tilinazo kwambiri, zapambuyo mitsempha mizu sapita mozama nkhani imvi, n'kupanga zapambuyo msana mizati.

Kodi ulusi awa kulowa chingwe msana, Amawapatula mu lalifupi ndi lalitali. njira Komanso msana ndi ubongo zimatumizidwa hemispheres, kumene iwo ali ndi kwakukulu kusokonekera. Ambiri a iwo ali mu mabacteria ya kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa convolutions chapakati ndi mu korona.

Tidziwanso kuti njira deta imagwiridwa tilinazo, imene munthu akhoza kumva mmene akulu-articular wake zida, kumva chilichonse kusuntha kapena kugwedera chogwirika kukhudza. Mtengo Gaulle, yomwe ili mu mzinda wa chingwe msana, kugawira tilinazo wa gawo kunsi kwa torso ndi. Mtengo Burdach ili pamwamba ndipo amakhala ngati kalozera tilinazo miyendo chapamwamba ndipo torso khadi lolingana.

Kodi mukudziwa za mmene kwenikweni?

Kudziwa kwambiri tilinazo digiri zotheka ndi mayesero wamba ochepa. Kuwanyamula kuti wodwalayo kutseka maso awo. ntchito yake ndi kuzindikira mbali zina zimene dokotala kapena kafukufuku zimapangitsa chikhalidwe chabe chisonyezo mu mfundo za zala manja kapena mapazi. Ndi zofunika kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane thupi kaimidwe kapena malo amene anatenga miyendo yake.

Mothandizidwa ndi ikukonzekera foloko chifukwa kugwedera tilinazo, mungathe kufufuza njira conductive wa chingwe msana. Ntchito chipangizo zimenezi kudzakuthandizani kudziŵa nthawi imene wodwala bwino akuona kugwedera. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kutenga chipangizo ndi alemba pa izo kumva phokoso. Pa nthawi imeneyi, muyenera kuika pa kutchuka aliyense Bony pa thupi. Ngati kumene tilinazo ngati kugwa kale kuposa nthawi zina zikhoza kapadera kuti anamenya zipilala kumbuyo.

Mayeso pa maganizo kutanthauzira zikutanthauza kuti wodwalayo, watseka maso ake, monga anatchulapo malo ochepa masekondi asanafike namkhudza iye kafukufuku. Zokhutiritsa chizindikiro imatengedwa ndiye ngati wodwala anavomereza zolakwa mkati centimeter wina.

Zowawa tilinazo khungu

Kapangidwe ka njira ya conductive wa chingwe msana kudziwa mlingo wa khungu tilinazo pa mlingo zotumphukira. chakuti njira ubongo nawo zolandilira khungu protoneyrona. Zokhudzana, yomwe ili pakati pa gawo kumbuyo njira, kuthamangira mwachindunji chingwe msana, moti aumbike Lisauera m'deralo.

Monga njira kwambiri tilinazo, khungu wapangidwa ndi sequentially ophatikizana maselo angapo mitsempha. Poyerekeza ndi ulusi mitsempha spinothalamic mtengo deta nyemba kuchokera kumalekezero m'munsi kapena khadi m'munsi torso, ali pamwamba pake pang'ono ndi pakati.

Khungu tilinazo zimasiyanasiyana kuti akugwirizana ndi zochokera chikhalidwe cha nzothandiza lapansi. Ndi:

• kutentha;
• matenthedwe;
• kupweteka;
• chogwirika.

Mu mtundu uwu wotsiriza wa khungu tilinazo, kaŵirikaŵiri opatsirana kwambiri tilinazo akuwauza.

Kodi mukudziwa za ululu pakhomo ndi kusiyana kutentha?

Pofuna kudziwa mlingo wa ululu, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito pricking njira. Mu malo ambiri zosayembekezeka wodwala dotolo amachita ochepa kuwala jabs ndi pini yaing'ono. maso wodwalayo ayenera kutsekedwa chifukwa adzaone zimene zicitika, sitiyenera.

Pakhomo kudziwa tilinazo kutentha n'kosavuta. Mu boma yachibadwa munthu zochita zomverera osiyana pa kutentha, lomwe kusiyana anali za 1-2 °. Zinasonyeza chilema pathological mu kuphwanya khungu tilinazo, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito yapadera chipangizo - termoesteziometr. Ngati izo siziri, n'zotheka kuyesa kutentha ndi madzi otentha.

Pathologies kugwirizana ndi njira mkhutu

Motsogozedwa kumtunda kwa njira conductive popangidwa ndi chingwe msana pa udindo uwu, umene munthu akhoza kumva chogwirika kukhudza. Kuphunzira kufunika kutenga chinachake zofewa, wofatsa ndi rhythmic kuti mosamala bwino kuti chizindikiritso cha mlingo wa tilinazo, komanso kutsimikizira tsitsi anachita, bristles, etc.

Matenda okhudzana ndi khungu tilinazo, chibwenzi, ganizirani izi:

1. Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi - imfa wathunthu wa khungu kudziwa padziko dera zenizeni za thupi. Ngati kuphwanya ululu tilinazo amapezeka analgesia, ndi kutentha - ardanesthesia.
2. Hyperaesthesia - mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi n'zosiyana chodabwitsa limapezeka pa otsika malemeredwe pakhomo, ngati zikuoneka gipalgeziya kuonjezera.
3. Misperception irritants (mwachitsanzo, wodwalayo zimasakanikirana ozizira ndi ofunda) ndi dysesthesia.
4. Paresthesia - matenda mawonetseredwe zimenezi zambiri, kuyambira kukwawa formication, maganizo a mantha ndi ndime ake kudzera lake lonse.
5. Hyperpathia ali mawu ambiri ochititsa chidwi. Iye amakonda kuti akunde thalamus, kuukitsa pakhomo la excitability, kulephera kuzindikira kwanuko irritant, katundu psycho-maganizo ochekenera zonse zimene zikuchitika ndipo kwambiri mwadzidzidzi galimoto ayankhe.

Features kandalama downlink ochititsa

Potsika ubongo ndi msana njira monga mitolo angapo, kuphatikizapo:

• pyramidal;
• Rubra, msana;
• vestibular-msana;
• reticulo-msana;
• zapambuyo kotenga.

Onse mbali pamwamba - njira galimoto ya chingwe msana, amene zigawo za mitolo mitsempha m'njira kunsi.

Otchedwa pyramidal njira akuyamba ku yaikulu ya maselo ofanana mu wosanjikiza chapamwamba ubongo, makamaka m'dera la gyrus chapakati. Ndi njira zapambuyo msana - ichi ndi chinthu chofunika a dongosolo yaloza pansi ndipo udzadutsa m'madipatimenti zingapo kumbuyo m'chiuno kapisozi. Pa nsonga ya mphambano ya medulla ndi msana angapezeke gawo la mtanda, n'kupanga molunjika pyramidal mtengo.

The tegmentum azipereka conductive Rubra-msana njira. Yambani zimatengera pa phata wofiira. Pamene exiting ulusi wake anawoloka ndi kuyesedwa mu chingwe msana ndi Warhol ndi a medulla oblongata. Rubra-msana njira amalola zikhumbo ku cerebellum ndi woyambira ganglia.

Njira ya nkhani woyera wa chingwe msana anayamba phata Deiters. Ili mu brainstem ndi njira vestibulo-msana apitirira mu dorsal ndi kumathera pa nyanga zake kutsogolo. Kuchokera kondakitala chimadalira pa ndime ya zikhumbo ku zida vestibular kwa manyuroni galimoto ya dongosolo zotumphukira.

Maselo mauna a mapangidwe hindbrain akuyamba njira reticulo-msana kuti pankhani woyera wa chingwe msana makamaka anamwazidwa ndi tufts munthu mbali ndi kutsogolo. Ndipotu, ndi kugwirizana waukulu pakati pa malo reflex a ubongo ndi minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo.

Zapambuyo kotenga mitsempha amadziwikanso yokhudza nyumba ya galimoto pa tsinde ubongo. Zingamvekere ntchito ya mtima oculomotor ndi dongosolo vestibular wonse. Kumbuyo kotenga mtengo ili mu msana khomo lachiberekero.

Zotsatira za matenda msana

Choncho, njira conductive wa chingwe msana ali ofunika kulumikiza zinthu zimene kupereka munthu mwayi kuyenda ndi tilinazo. Neurophysiology deta njira kugwirizana ndi peculiarities wa kapangidwe ka msana. Amadziwika kuti msana dongosolo atazunguliridwa ndi ulusi minofu, ali mawonekedwe cylindrical. Mkati mwa msana brainstem zinthu associative ndi galimoto reflex njira kulamulira magwiridwe a machitidwe onse a thupi.

Mu chochitika cha matenda msana, kuwononga makina kapena malformation madutsidwe pakati pa malo awiri ofunika kwambiri kungathandize kwambiri yafupika. Matenda njira zingasokoneze munthu wathunthu kutha zolimbitsa thupi, ndi imfa nzeru kwenikweni.

Chifukwa chachikulu kupanda mopupuluma conduction imfa ya molekezera mitsempha. Mlingo zovuta kwambiri chisokonezo conduction pakati ubongo ndi msana ndi ziwalo ndi kupanda kumverera mu nthambi. Ndiye pangakhale mavuto ziwalo, ubongo kugwirizana ndi mitsempha ubongo. Mwachitsanzo, chisokonezo mu mmunsi mwa msana thunthu chimbalangondo kwa kusalankhula pokodza ndi matumbo kayendedwe.

Kodi kuchitira msana matenda chingwe ndi njira?

Only anaonekera kusintha osachiritsika nthawi yomweyo amasonyezedwa Kulumikizana kwa msana ntchito chingwe. Kuponderezedwa bongo akutitsogolera kuti kusintha kutchulidwa pathological chifukwa cha imfa ya ulusi ubongo. Kwathunthu kubwezeretsa wosweka madutsidwe m'madera zosatheka. Matendawa amapezeka mofulumira ndi m'kati ndi liwiro mphezi, choncho kupewa aakulu conduction kuvutika zitha kukhala, ngati yake kuyamba mankhwala. Mwamsanga zimenezi, ambiri chidzazirala kukhala mwayi wa kutha chitukuko pathological.

Non-kuchititsa likufa msana thirakiti thandizo la mankhwala, ntchito yaikulu imene kulepheretsanso kufa molekezera mitsempha. Izi chingapezeke pokhapokha ngati zinthu zodzitetezera zimene zinapangitsa maonekedwe a matenda. Pakumala mungatani kuyamba mankhwala ndi cholinga pazipita zotheka ayambe ntchito chipangizo ndi galimoto.

mankhwala chithandizo umalimbana kukatseka ndondomeko kufa maselo a mu ubongo. ntchito yawo ndi kubwezeretsa krovopodachi chakhungu m'dera zowonongeka wa chingwe msana. Pa mankhwala madokotala tikambirane mbali zaka, chikhalidwe komanso kusalekerera cha kuwonongeka matenda kupitirira. M'njira mankhwala n'kofunika kuti tikhalebe kukondoweza zonse ulusi mitsempha mwa nyemba magetsi. Izi kukhala zogwira minofu kamvekedwe.

Opaleshoni imagwiridwa kubwezeretsa msana conduction Koma izo ikuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

1. Yimitsira mwa zifukwa zimene ziwalo mgwirizano ubongo.
2. Kukondoweza kwa thunthu msana chifukwa kupeza oyambirira ntchito anataya.

Opaleshoni ayenera yoyamba bwinobwino mankhwala a thupi lonse. Izi kudziwa njira kutanthauzira alibe ulusi mitsempha. Nthawi ya aakulu kuvulala msana, choyamba tiyenera kuchotsa psinjika zimayambitsa.