Tatseka okwerera sitima okwerera. okwerera sitima mapu

Onetsani malo a ku Moscow okwerera sitima akadali zotheka kuwona akutambasula m'kupita. Iwo akhala anaphunzira diggers likulu, koma kupitiriza chidwi anthu chimodzimodzi monga "Metro-2" (D6). Mu mbiri yonse ya okwerera awa akhala akukuchitirani kwambiri, ndi onse a iwo, mwanjira ina, tidasiya chizindikiro awo pa moyo wa Moscow Metro.

Mbiri ya Moscow okwerera sitima

The ntchito yoyamba kumanga mobisa maukonde zoyendera anaonekera mu 1875, koma kokha anatsegula mu 1935. Kuti okwerera sitima chiwembu anali laling'ono kwambiri kuposa amene alipo, inkakhala okwerera 6-7 yokha. Kuyambira pamenepo, patsogolo maukonde ikupitiriza, chaka achita m'Mphamvu malo atsopano wotseka, ena mwa iwo atsekedwa. Poyamba, kutalika kwa Moscow okwerera sitima inali pafupi 14 makilomita ngati 2016 ndi za 331 makilomita.

Chaka chilichonse Moscow Metro ponyamuka miliyoni 6-7 anthu, wodutsa magalimoto pano ndi lalitali kwambiri, ndipo alipo okwerera 200 si nthawi zonse kulimbana nawo. Pali 12 mizere, chiwerengero chawo chidzakhala zomwe 2025, adzakhala yomanga omwetsera latsopano siteshoni, ena a iwo adzakhala aboveground. Palinso n'zotheka kuti ena okwerera kuti anali atatseka kale, kodi kachiwiri kubwezeretsedwa.

"Tsiku May"

Mwalamulo, mu Moscow okwerera sitima, pali anayi okha payekha chinthu, mmodzi wa iwo ndi siteshoni "May Tsiku", omwe analipo pa Arbat-Pokrovskaya mzere. Pa nthawiyo, zinali pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo alipo lero amasiya "Izmailovo Park," ndipo unali mfundo zomwe Metro mzere pamwamba. siteshoni inali pa dera la Izmailovsky electrodepot amene umagwira ntchito bwinobwino ndipo wakhala anakongoletsa ndipo panopa anagubuduza katundu yokonza.

The modutsa cha siteshoni kale akadali bwino, komabe tsopano mu chipinda chomwecho ili shopu, kumene zikugwira yokonza magalimoto. Tellingly, matailosi mwakemu mwangwiro anasunga, iye ndipo inu mukhoza kuwona kuti muli pa dera la siteshoni kale. Pa malo wakale modutsa ndi msonkhano holo, amene ntchito zochitika.

"Kaluga"

Kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1974. siteshoni "Kaluzhskaya" kuyikidwa mu electrodepot eponymous. Sizikusokonezani ndi siteji alipo tsopano, wakale inali pandunji pa Palace la Culture "Meridian". malopa amakhala ndi chakuti okwera anakwiriridwa mwachindunji mu zofikira, ndiyeno iwo anatuluka pa zizindikiro zapadera. Kuyambira mu 1971, anthu m'basimo anakhala ovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito siteshoni, kotero mu nthawi yochepa izo zinali kutsekedwa.

siteshoni anali ndi vuto losauka: panalibe zokongoletsa, nsanja unapangidwa phula ochiritsira, analipo nyale wamba ochiritsira khoma ndi kubisa. ochepa mabenchi matabwa kuti atayikidwa pa nsanja, wodutsa iwo, m'basimo kugwera mu gawo la modutsa.

"Soviet"

Ngati mukufuna chatsekedwa siteshoni ya Moscow yapansi, onetsetsani kulabadira "Soviet" omwe anaganiza zomanga pakati pa "Mayakovskaya" ndi "Theatre". Gawo la zochitika za amasiya izi tinganene kuti ndi nthano m'tawuni. Chifukwa amafuna kuti amalize kumanga posachedwapa, metrostroevtsy anasiya kumanga siteshoni, koma pa nthawi imene iye anali kale pang'ono anamanga.

akayanjana chabe - "Soviet" anali bunker imene m'chipinda wa Moscow Civil silikhali Likulu. Ofufuza za Moscow Metro, izo ziri pano kuti nthambi akudutsa otchedwa "Metro-2", "E6" dongosolo. siteshoni ndi wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kumbali ndi pamene galimoto m'dera pakati pa "Theatre" ndi "Mayakovskaya" izo sangathe kuona.

"Volokolamskaya"

Onetsani malo okwelera okwerera sitima amadziŵika ndi mbiri yawo yachilendo, makamaka, tikulankhula za "Volokolamsk". siteshoni inali pa Violet Metro mzere pakati pa "Tushino" ndi "Schukin." Akamayenda ndi Tambasula pakati oyima awa awiri, mukhoza kuona magetsi, ndi nsanja za yosatha kufikira mapeto a siteshoni.

Izo zinakonzedwa kuti siteshoni adzatumikira nyumba anali kumangidwa pa malo anakonza nthawi ya Tushino airfield. Chifukwa, izo sizinachitike, siteshoni anali mothballed. Palibe outcrops ndi zokongola chokongoletsera kwa nthawi yaitali imene "Volokolamskaya" chasanduka mu mzimu weniweni.

Atawuka kwa akufa

Mu 2002, mndandanda wa malo a Moscow Metro anawonjezera siteshoni kuti wachita kale anatseka - "Mpheta Hills". Poyamba, iye ankatchedwa "Lenin Hills" ntchito mpaka 1984. zinthu zinasintha modabwitsa pamene anadziwika kuti Luzhniki Metro Bridge ali mwakayakaya ndipo akhoza kugwa nthawi ina iliyonse, kuchititsa ngozi.

mlathowu kutsekedwa kwa kukonza, pa nthawi iyi otaya lonse la sitima anaikidwa pa awiri anamangidwa mu nkhani yofunika axles zina. Kwa pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri, siteshoni chinatsekedwa ndipo pa nthawi imeneyo anatha pang'ono kulowa ziyambe kukonzedwa. Musanatsegule metrostroevtsy anali kucheza redecorating, tsopano gawo amalumikizana ikuluikulu ya Moscow okwerera sitima.

"Metro-2"

okwerera pakanema wa Moscow okwerera sitima - si zinsinsi zokha zimene zimachitika mu ndende likulu a. Pali osiyanasiyana otalikirana umboni kuti kuli kachitidwe kena yapansi - "D6" imene ntchito ndi boma, zikugwirizana ndi zomangamanga zofunika - boma la Russia, chinsinsi mobisa m'munsi mwa Ramenki, MSU, etc. Pamaso kugwa kwa USSR kuli dongosolo lino boma chinsinsi, ndi Kuwulura ambiri akadataya ntchito ndi miyoyo yawo.

Tsopano Akuluakulu ena kuchita kuvomereza kukhalako ngati dongosolo Komabe, mfundo za izo alipobe. Moti la utali wonse wa maukonde "Metro-2" ndi makilomita 150, ena zigawo ndi limodzi-njanji, ena - awiri inamva. Imathamanga formulations osachepera asanu ndi atatu amene angathamange dongosolo. Mu yapansi panthaka, pali malemba angapo kuti kulumikiza zochitika ziwiri, wotchuka kwambiri - germovorota pafupi "Sport".

Pomaliza

Metro mapu redrawn mobwerezabwereza, kumanga yogwira akadali akupitirirabe. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti onse anatseka pa zifukwa siteshoni ina adzatsegulidwa kwa anthu, motero athe kumanga ogwira njira zopezera.