Stirling injini - ntchito mfundo. The otsika kutentha Stirling injini (chithunzi)

Stirling injini, mfundo zomwe ndi qualitatively wosiyana alipidwa onse olimbana kuyaka mkati, kamodzi anali womaliza kupikisana. Komabe, pa nthawi anaiwala za izo. Monga galimoto ili ntchito lero, kodi mfundo ya ntchito zake (m'nkhani akhoza kupezeka injini Stirling zithunzi zimene zimasonyeza ntchito yake), ndipo kodi chiyembekezo ntchito m'tsogolo, onani pansipa.

nkhani

Mu 1816, Robert Stirling ku Scotland anali setifiketi injini kutentha, dzina lake lero polemekeza zatsopano ake. Woyamba injini otentha mpweya anatulukira pamaso pake. Koma Stirling anawonjezera kuti chipangizo zotsukira kuti mabuku luso amatchedwa regenerator kapena kutentha exchanger. Uyamiko kwa Iye, kuchuluka injini ntchito pamene akugwira unit mu kutentha.

Engine anavomereza kwambiri cholimba nthunzi injini panthawiyo, popeza konse chakumene. Pamaso pake, Motors zina vuto kumachitika kawirikawiri. Ngakhale bwino oyambirira, mu m'ma makumi awiri, kuchokera chitukuko anakana, monga izo zakhala zochepa yosafuna poyerekeza ndi ndiye akutulukira ena injini kuyaka mkati ndi Motors magetsi. Komabe, Stirling anali akadali ntchito ena mafakitale.

injini kuyaka kunja

Mfundo ntchito injini zonse kutentha ndi lalikulu mawotchi mphamvu kuposa ndi psinjika ozizira boma kukodzedwa kwa mpweya zofunika. Kuti aonetse chochitika ichi angathe kuchitidwa ndi miphika awiri wodzazidwa ndi madzi ozizira ndi otentha komanso botolo. iwowa ndi choviikidwa mu madzi ozizira, pulagi chubu, ndipo umasamutsidwa ku otentha. Pamene mpweya mu botolo akuyamba kuchita ntchito makina ndi ejects pulagi. Choyamba kunja injini kuyaka zochokera ndondomeko kwathunthu. Komabe, kenako anayambitsa anazindikira kuti kutentha angagwiritsidwe ntchito magetsi. Choncho, ntchito chawonjezeka kwambiri. Koma ngakhale izi sizinathandize injini kukhala ponseponse.

Kenako Erickson katswiri wa ku Sweden, bwino kapangidwe nsembe utakhazikika ndi mpweya mkangano pa sanasiye kutiuza m'malo voliyumu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kwambiri makope anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi, pa zombo ndi yosindikiza. Koma kwa anthu oyendetsa, iwo anali kuchisenza.

Kunja Zipangizo kuyaka kwa Philips

Motors Awa ndi mitundu zotsatirazi:

• nthunzi;
• ndi nthunzi chopangira mphamvu;
• Stirling.

Mtundu yamasika sanali kukhala chifukwa kudalilika otsika ndi ena si mitengo apamwamba Kuyerekezera ndi kawambidwe kena mayunitsi anaonekera. Komabe, mu 1938, Philips ali adapitiriza ntchito. Zipangizo akhala ntchito galimoto magudumu m'madera neelektrofitsirovannyh. Mu 1945, akatswiri kampani aona mwinamwake ntchito: ngati kutsinde kwa sapota ndi galimoto magetsi, ndi kuzirala kwa mutu yamphamvu adza kwa opanda zana makumi asanu ndi anayi madigiri Celsius. Ndiye anaganiza ntchito mu kachitidwe refrigeration bwino Stirling engine.

Mfundo ntchito

Zochita za galimoto ndi ntchito pa m'zinthu thermodynamic, mu kumene kumachitika pa osiyanasiyana kutentha psinjika ndi kukula. Choncho ntchito madzimadzi otaya lamulo kuzindikira ndi mosiyanasiyana buku (kapena chipsyinjo - malingana ndi chitsanzo). Izi ndi mfundo ambiri a makina amenewa, omwe angathe kukhala kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso masikimu a kamangidwe. Zipangizo akhoza reciprocating kapena makina. Makina mayunitsi awo ntchito monga mapampu kutentha, coolers, magudumu kuthamanga ndi zina zotero.

Komanso, pali injini otsegula adzizungulira, kumene otaya lamulo kuzindikira kudzera mavavu lapansi. Kuti iwo amatchedwa injini Erickson, kupatula dzina wamba dzina la Stirling. Ayezi ntchito zothandiza ikuchitika pambuyo chisanadze compressing mpweya ndi mafuta jekeseni, Kutentha osakaniza chifukwa anali wothira kuyaka ndi kukula.

The Stirling injini ntchito mfundo mofanana: pa kutentha otsika ali wothinikizidwa, ndi pa mkulu - kukula. Komabe, Kutentha osiyana ikuchitika: kutentha umaperekedwa kwa kunja khoma yamphamvu. Choncho, iye akutchedwa injini kuyaka kunja. Stirling ntchito nthawi kutentha kusintha ndi kusamutsidwa pisitoni. gasi Last apita chipinda chimodzi yamphamvu ndi mzake. Pa dzanja limodzi, zonse otsika kutentha, ndi pa zina - mkulu. Pamene anasamutsa pisitoni m'mwamba chimachititsanso mpweya kuchokera otentha M'mimbamo ozizira ndi pansi - kumbuyo mu otentha. gasi Choyamba amapereka zambiri kutentha firiji, ndiyeno kuchokera chotenthetsera ndi amamulandira monga mmene anapatsa. Pakati pa chotenthetsera ndi regenerator firiji inali - ndi M'mimbamo wodzazidwa ndi nkhani imene mpweya amapereka kuchokera kutentha. Mu otaya regenerator n'zosiyana akubwerera izo.

dongosolo chopopera chikugwirizana ndi pisitoni compressing mpweya mu chisanu ndi kulola kuti mukulitse m'nthawi Yotenthayi. Ndi psinjika pa m'munsi kutentha ntchito zothandiza. Dongosolo lonse akuthamanga m'zinthu anayi ndi zoyenda likukulira. Tiyipukuse limagwirira Choncho amaonetsetsa mosalekeza. Choncho malire kwakukulu pakati pa magawo a mkombero si mwaona ndi Stirling injini Mwachangu si kuchepa.

Poganizira, yankho kuti injini ndi pisitoni injini ndi kotunga kunja kutentha, mmene madzimadzi ntchito sasiya danga akachita ndipo osati m'malo. Stirling injini zojambula zikusonyeza bwino chipangizo ndi mfundo zake opaleshoni.

tsatanetsatane wa ntchito

Sun, magetsi mphamvu nyukiliya kapena kutentha magwero amapereka mphamvu mu injini Stirling. Mfundo ntchito za thupi lake ndi mu ntchito ya helium, wa hydrogen, kapena mpweya. Wangwiro mkombero matenthedwe ali pazipita zotheka Mwachangu peresenti pa makumi ku makumi. Koma ndi regenerator ogwira liziyenda ndi dzuwa apamwamba. N'kubadwanso, Kutentha ndi kuzirala kutentha ndi kuzizira kupereka anamanga, popanda mafuta ntchito. Tikumbukenso kuti injini kondomu ayenera pang'ono kwambiri. Kuthamanga ambiri yamphamvu ndi zambiri 10 20 MPa. Choncho, pamafunika kwambiri dongosolo kudindidwa ndi kuthekera kwa mafuta kulowa m'chipinda ntchito.

makhalidwe poyerekeza

Ambiri ogwira lero makina mtundu uwu ntchito mafuta madzi. Choncho kuthamanga mosalekeza mosavuta ankalamulira, potero kuchepetsa mpweya. Popeza kuli nthambi amapereka ntchito chete. Mphamvu ya misa injini ofanana ndi turbocharging, mphamvu yeniyeni analandira pa linanena bungwe ndi wofanana zosonyezera unit dizilo. Liwiro ndi makokedwe ndi osadalira pa wina ndi mzake.

Mitengo ya zinthu injini ndi apamwamba kuposa injini kuyaka mkati. Koma likukhalira mlingo n'zosiyana mu ntchito.

ubwino

chitsanzo aliyense wa injini Stirling zambiri ubwino:

• Mwachangu mapangidwe masiku ano kukhala peresenti makumi asanu ndi awiri.
• Mu injini mkulu dongosolo poyatsira, ndi camshaft ndi mavavu lapansi. Zilibe kuisintha pa nthawi yonse imene ntchito.
• Stirling alibe kuphulika mu injini mkati kuyaka, amene ali ndi udindo waukulu pa crankshaft ndi, mayendedwe ndi kulumikiza ndodo.
• Monga iwo alibe mmene ponena kuti "injini ndayima kaye."
• Ndiyamika kuphweka ake chipangizo akhoza opareshoni kwa nthawi yaitali.
• Iwo akhoza kuthamanga pa nkhuni, ndi nyukiliya ndi mtundu wina uliwonse wa mafuta.
• Kuyaka kukuchitika kunja kwa galimoto ndi.

zolakwa

• The sangathe chachikulu cha kamangidwe ndi mowa wake zipangizo.
• Madzimadzi ntchito kuti utakhazikika, chifukwa cha zimene miyeso ndi zayamba kuchuluka.
• Pa ayezi ndi makhalidwe ofanana zofunika ntchito kuthamanga.
• Ndi ntchito kutentha thupi umaperekedwa khoma la kutentha exchanger, imene zochepa matenthedwe madutsidwe.
• Kusintha mphamvu injini, kusintha buku la akasinja gawo lotetezedwa, kuthamanga avareji madzimadzi ntchito, gawo ngodya pakati pa displacer ndi pisitoni.

ntchito

Panopa Stirling injini jenereta ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndi zosunthika mphamvu magetsi mu refrigerators, mapampu, sitima zankhondo ndi zomera dzuwa mphamvu. Ndi pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta pali kuthekera kwa ntchito ambiri.

kubadwanso

injini awa anayamba kukula kuyamika Philips. Pakati pa zaka mazana makumi awiri izo walemba mgwilizano General Motors. Iye anatsogolera chitukuko cha Stirling ntchito mu mlengalenga ndi zipangizo m'madzi, sitima ndi magalimoto. Pambuyo iwo kampani ina ku Sweden, United Stirling, anachita chitukuko, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito angathere magalimoto anthu.

Today liniya Stirling injini ntchito pa makhazikitsidwe subsea, dziko ndi zipangizo dzuwa. Chidwi kwambiri kwa iwo amayamba chifukwa kufunika kwa nkhani ya kuwononga zachilengedwe, komanso ulamuliro phokoso. Mu Canada ndi United States, Germany ndi France, ndi Japan ndi kufunafuna mwachangu kukhala ndi kusintha ntchito.

tsogolo

ubwino zoonekeratu amene ali pisitoni ndi munthu makina injini ya Stirling operekedwa moyo wautali utumiki, ntchito utsi osiyana, otsika phokoso ndi otsika kawopsedwe, kuvumbitsira adzapeza kwambiri mkati kuyaka injini za moyo. Komabe, Popeza kuti mkati kuyaka injini nthawi zonse kusintha, iyo siingakhoze mosavuta anachotsedwa. Lang'anani, ili ndi injini lero ali ndi udindo waukulu, ndi kuwatengera posachedwapa sakufuna.