Spruce - ndichiyani? Spruce mtengo. Conifers (chithunzi)

Woimira m'modzi wa mitundu yambiri ya conifers paini banja, bwino kuti spruce onse, alitcha dzina Aroma wakale. Izo zikumveka ngati kuti Baibulo la mawu akuti "utomoni". Mu ulamuliro wa spruce wobiriwira ndi amodzi a malo oyamba, ndi wa mtundu umene pali pafupifupi 50 mitundu ya zomera, wamba padziko lonse, wochokera kumpoto kwa Ulaya ndi ku Central Asia ku North America. Kodi chimachitika spruce, mtundu wa mtengo? utali amakhala ku dziko ndi omwe amatenga mawonekedwe? Tiyeni tiyese kupeza mayankho a mafunso amenewa.

Kufotokozera spruce

Wamtali, molunjika-thunthu, wochepa yobiriwira mitengo ndi wandiweyani conical korona, kuchepera ali mwana, ataphimbidwa ndi nthambi spruce pansi. thunthu lawo zimavuta kuona - izo wabisika mwa linafalitsidwa kwambiri spruce "yoteroyo". mitengo achinyamata yosalala makungwa imvi ndi kulocha brownish pa zaka makungwa spruce mtengo zobisika kwambiri, nthawi zina luschitsya. Masingano singano, ndipo mukhoza kugwira nthambi kwa zaka 7-9, koma ndi kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe awa srokisokraschayutsya, ndipo mu malo m'tawuni masingano kusamala ndi zaka zosakwana 3. Masingano - wosakwatiwa, quadrangular kapena flattened spirally anakonza pa nthambi. Cones ikulendewera, elongated, cylindrical. Kucha ndi kugwa, iwo kutsegula ndi mbewu kufalitsa. cones mbewu flakes ndi maziko lonse kuphimba mbewu yaing'ono anapatsidwa mapiko cupped owazungulira.

Mbali khalidwe la zomera

Kufotokozera Oil bwino: ndi imodzi mwa mbewu mwachilungamo undemanding Padziko Lapansi. Iwo ali chonde otsika nthaka, mwangwiro umapulumuka pa dothi osauka kwambiri. Iye si mantha otsetsereka pamthunzi ndi madera aang'onoang'ono waterlogging nthaka. Iye ndi amazipanga Hardy ndipo si mantha lakuthwa nyengo chokhala. Koma mitundu yambiri sangaime kuipitsa mpweya ndi utsi, koma mtengo ntchito mu malo m'mizinda, ndi ntchito zonse mu kakwamba limodzi ndi gulu mu m'mapaki kuti malls ndi n'kupanga chisanu chitetezo. Kumiza kapena nyenyezi yaing'ono akalumikidzidwa yokongola angwiro zokongoletsa malo a minda yaing'ono, m'mapiri ndiponso minda thanthwe.

European spruce, kapena wamba

Dzina la mtengo uwu odziwikiratu, ndi molondola limasonyeza dera malo ake. Norway spruce Chimakula mu gawo European la Russia. Ndi maziko a kupanga nayonso. Kumpoto kwa Siberia ndi European Russia magulu spruce wamba pang'onopang'ono m'malo ndi spruce Siberia. Kodi ndi mtengo wanji? A kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya kumeneko. Kusankha zinthu kukula spruce n'chosiyana kwambiri larch ndi paini mitengo, koma palibe intraspecific kusiyana lakuthwa. Iwo ali Shade, amene ali kovuta kukula mu malo lotseguka treeless, ngati pa siteji ya m'mene ankayamba mu kukula kwa mphukira kuonongeka ndi kubwerera kasupe frosts kapena sunburns. Komanso kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi moto udzu, amayamba ndi anachita kuwotcha dala nyengo.

Nthawi ndi makhalidwe kukula mtengo

Woyamba zaka 10 Oil mtengo umakula pang'onopang'ono. Ndiye kukula kugunda adzauka zikuchepa, ndipo patapita zaka 100-120 kachiwiri inaimitsidwa. M'goli, kukula spasmodic a Oil European. Kodi anapulumuka anazindikira - kale kudziwika. Ngati zinthu kuloleza, izo mosavuta moyo mpaka zaka 250-300. Nthaka yabwino ndi loam ndi supeschaniki. Kuti iwo ndipamene dongosolo kwambiri muzu, mwamphamvu kuligwira padziko. Koma spruce - wokonda malo achinyezi ndithu. Pa kwambiri lonyowa mitundu mtengo nthaka yaing'ono osaya mizu ndi simungathandize koma kugwa pansi pamene gusts amphamvu a mphepo. Spruce zimapangitsa ngakhale yaing'ono madzi mitengo, ngati ali ndi khalidwe otaya. Tikumbukenso kuti ndi mizu ya spruce kwambiri poyerekeza wa paini, lomwe limafotokoza Kusakhazikika ake mu mphepo. The peculiarity wa mtengowu ndi kuti nthambi zake m'munsi kufa ndipo si kusungidwa youma, kotero mu nkhalango spruce mdima ndithu ndi achinyezi.

zinthu Growth analinkudya

Spruce akhoza kukula mu madera ambiri a mbali European la Russia, mu Siberia ndi Far East. Koma ichi ndi mtundu wolobodoka nkhuni. Ndi bwino kudzala izo pansi pa denga wolimba zomera - thundu, birch kapena pine. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa dothi mwachilungamo youma ndi osauka omwe Oil amalima zolemera, monga adalipo nthaka yake bwino wothira. Spruce zambiri wovuta kwambiri mwa mawu kukula kuposa m'nkhalango, limene mwina bwino kukula pa dothi youma mchenga. N'chifukwa chake spruce ndi paini kawirikawiri zikulire pamodzi - kwambiri zosiyanasiyana zofunika.

kubalana

Spruce n'zosavuta kukula kwa mbewu zinapezedwa ndi lophweka: monga kudula ochepa yophukira Oil cones ndi adzawalange kunyumba kuti ziume kwathunthu. si koyenera kuti peel kutali. Vysohnuv, tokhala ati awulule okha, ndi kupereka mbewu zomwe kawirikawiri kwambiri kumera. Iwo ayenera kusonyezedwa njira ofooka permanganate potassium kenako anaikidwa miphika ndi calcined mtsinje mchenga, zaglubit 1-1.5 cm. Muli wokwera pa alumali kumtunda kwa firiji kwa stratification. njirayi ndi zofunika, monga zachilengedwe mbewu zonse conifers poyera kuti kuzizira. Stratification kumapangitsa kumera wa mbewu. mbewu Popanda kuchitapo kanthu angathe kugona ozizira pansi zaka zingapo, koma sanabwere. Khalani muli ozizira ayenera kukhala miyezi 3. Patapita nthawi ino, thanki mbewu anabzala aikidwa mu malo owala ndi ofunda.

nthawi kubzala

Yabwino kubzala nthawi mapeto a October - November. Ngati mbewu anabzala mu nthawi iyi, mphamvu kutuluka firiji ayenera February kapena March. Iyi ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri kumera, monga ikafika, kuwonjezeka maola masana, ndipo mbewu zonse kuyamba kukula.

Kutsirira ndi chisamaliro

mbande kumera amafuna makamaka wopatsa kutsirira, monga ayenera ntchito mogwirizana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Ndipotu m'chaka, pa snowmelt ndi dothi makamaka hydrated. The kutentha - zikhalidwe zofunikira kutsegula kwa mbande coniferous. Patapita masabata atakwera mwana Oil. Kodi ephedra weniweni, izo Tingaone yomweyo: adzawonekera singano. Tsopano tiyenera kusamala ndi kusunga muyezo, mwachitsanzo. E. Water zikumera mpaka n'kofunika kupewa onse underfilling ndi chinyezi kwambiri. Kamodzi pa masabata awiri achinyamata mitengo Oil kudyetsa ndi kumasula topsoil.

Pamene panja otentha ndipo kuphwera returnable mazira, mbande yaing'ono zingabzalidwe mu nthaka. Mu dzenje asanadzalemo kuwonjezera manyowa kapena manyowa, zimene wothira nthaka, ndi pang'ono feteleza zovuta. mitengo kwambiri Khirisimasi si kudyetsa. Kuwayika zomera mu dzenje, mizu mosamala anatsanulira nthaka, tamped kukhetsa madzi bwino ndi kulenga yaing'ono
mumalize nkhaniyo kwa kutentha, filimu kapena mitsuko galasi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri mofulumira acclimation wa mbewu.

Mbande mu greenhouses ayenera mpweya wokwanira tsiku lililonse. Iwo ayenera kukhala omasuka, kuchotsa condensate ndi kuona chinyezi nthaka. Patapita masiku 7-10 chitetezo akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi dothi mozungulira firs ndi zamulchirovat kusunga chinyezi nthaka. Kawirikawiri nurseries mbande Oil chakula muli zaka 3-4. Monga mtengo umakula pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, ndiye nthawi ili imatengedwa mulingo woyenera bwino pofuna kukwaniritsa ephedra otchedwa spruce. Mbande wa m'badwo uno ali zambiri ndinazolowera monyanyira kutentha, salinso mantha frosts ndi kake kakupsa ndi dzuwa. Anabzala ndi kuvala ndi madzi okwanira bwino.

Species kudya ndi ntchito yawo

Monga conifers ambiri, spruce, kukongoletsa ndithu. Zakhala ngati chokongoletsera Russian Manor, minda ndi m'mapaki. Lero, chifukwa ndi likhale lalikulu la ntchito kuswana, anasonyeza mitundu yambiri ya mafuta mu malo m'munda. Herringbone pandekha panopa ku mbewu, osati azikongoletsa chiwembu, komanso akhoza kukhala kholo la mwambo banja. Njira imeneyi kulima mbewu spruce oyenera mitundu yonse ya wamtali. Komanso, kulima amenewa ndi chitsimikizo cha anatengera kwambiri wa mbande nyengo ya m'derali. Mitundu alipo mwapadera kuti okonza malo amakopeka nyenyezi yaing'ono spruce. Low-kukula mitundu zambiri musalumphe mamita mu msinkhu, ndi yotakata wandiweyani korona. Iwo zazikulu nyimbo chokongoletsera m'munda, thanthwe ndi minda ya m'mapiri. Imodzi mwa oimira kwambiri ndi otchuka mitundu awa - spruce Nidiformis.

mitundu kumiza: kufotokoza

Nidiformis - cultivar ndi korona mawonekedwe zozungulira ndi recess chapakati. Tree kutalika sadzachitanso ukufika 1 m, ndi korona ukufika awiri a 3 m. Korona flattened aumbike monga chisa, ngati nthambi zikuluzikulu za mtengo palibe, ndi mphukira zambiri kukula ngati fani. Zokongola lalifupi mdima masingano wobiriwira, wandiweyani kwambiri ndi uniformly kuphimba nthambi. Tree limakula pang'onopang'ono, kuwonjezera chaka chimodzi zosaposa 3-4 masentimita kutalika ndi 5-7 cm mulifupu. Herringbone undemanding kwa nthaka, amakula bwino supeschanikah amtengo chonde mlingo uliwonse wa acidity, koma mukhoza kutaika ngati kumagwa dongosolo muzu zonse pansi. spruce izi, komanso conifers onse otsika-kukula, zithunzi za amene anapereka kukongoletsa kwambiri. A kukula pang'onopang'ono kungapulumutse kamodzi analenga malo kwa zaka zambiri. Nidiformisy Hardy, koma zomera achinyamata yabwino kubisa mantha pa frosts kubwerera kasupe.

Yobiriwira nyenyezi yaing'ono conifers: kubalana

Kungokhala mawonekedwe sali mitundu koyera ndi kubereka vegetatively kokha - ndi cuttings ndi layering, koma mbewu. Mfundo yakuti zomera ndi chifukwa cha masinthidwe zosiyanasiyana conifers, ndi mbewu zawo, monga ulamuliro ochiritsira kukula wamtali, osati nyenyezi yaing'ono conifers. Photos yokongola mitundu nyenyezi yaing'ono angapezeke mu mabuku. Ngati inu kukhala ephedra amenewa patokha sachiza, njira yokha - ku sitolo. mitengo nyenyezi yaing'ono zambiri chogulitsidwa muli. Ulamuliro zofunika pamene kugula ichi kugula mwachilungamo mtengo ndi chikhulupiriro cholimba kuti mizu ya mbewu ndi wamphamvu, komanso otukuka, si kuonongeka ngakhale umakaniko kapena tizirombo. Koma asanapite ku sitolo ayenera kuwerenga zambiri za mawonekedwe a korona, makamaka kukula kwa zomera ndi kusamalira iwo.

Ambiri paini mitundu kwa zaka zambiri anakhalabe mawonekedwe zabwino kaya sitandade. Low-kukula mitundu Choyamba ndi korona ozungulira, ndipo pa nthawi kupanga phirilo. Komabe, spruce ndi paini - mitengo ambiri, kuti n'zosatheka kulingalira Russia popanda conifers izi otchuka.