Sodium hypochlorite: katundu, kupanga ntchito

Inu anapita kukagula zovala zothetsa kuthimbirira. Pa maalumali ndi mabotolo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe, koma dzanja mwachibadwa imatenga chidebe cha "whiteness" - mwina wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa amayi zothetsa kuthimbirira. Ndiyeno pa njira anawapatsa ndalama mukufuna kuwerenga zikuchokera wake. "Madzi, ndiye-Seraya ... Ndipo kodi hypochlorite ndi sodium?" - kuti muyezo wa ganizo anachita izi ndi amapunthwa pa dzina sankadziwa. M'nkhani lero Ndidzaimbira kukwaniritsa chidwi chanu.

tanthauzo

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl chilinganizo) ndi pawiri zochita kupanga, sodium mchere asidi hypochlorous. Komanso angatchedwe "labarrakovoy / zhavelevoy madzi," kapena kungoti "hypochlorite ndi sodium".

katundu

pawiri Izi zili wosakhazikika mawonekedwe a colorless crystalline chinthu chosavuta linakwiriridwa ngakhale firiji. Pa ndondomeko imeneyi, mpweya ndi anamasulidwa, ndipo ngati zikhalidwe za kuwonjezeka kutentha ⁷⁰ ° C, zimene limodzi ndi kuphulika. Kusungunuka m'madzi, sodium hypochlorite - ndi oxidant amphamvu kwambiri. Anadya thereto kuwonjezera acid amathiridwa, ndiye madzi anapanga, sodium kolorayidi ndi mpweya chlorine. Ndi zimene mpweya woipa ndi njira chilled zinthu mukufotokoza tsopano analandira kuchepetsa asidi hypochlorous.

Kukonzekera kwa sodium hypochlorite

pawiri ichi chinapezeka pa zimene mpweya chlorine ndi hydroxide ndi sodium wasukuluka ndi madzi. Kusakaniza izi ndi wosiyana sodium kolorayidi, izo utakhazikika ⁰ ° C, ndiye mwalawo udzamugwere monga sludge a. Ngati kusunga zina yankho la hypochlorite ndi sodium m'mikhalidwe kutentha otsika (-40 ° ^C) kenako analimbikitsa pa ^-5 ° C, ndiye ndondomeko anamaliza mapangidwe hypochlorite pentahydrate ndi sodium. A ukonde kwa mchere izi crystalline m'pofunika dehydrate mu zingalowe pamaso pa asidi sulfuric. Komabe, mu ndondomeko imeneyi, hydroxide ndi sodium ndi m'malo bwinobwino carbonate. Ndiye mankhwala anachita osati kukhala njira ya kufunika chinthu ndi sodium kolorayidi, komanso wa hydrogen zitsulo chomwecho. Nkhani mankhwala tsopano zopezera zimene hypochlorite kashiamu ndi carbonate ndi sodium. Mu njira imeneyi chifukwa amapangidwa zasayansi. Koma mu njira mafakitale yopangira ndi sodium hypochlorite chosiyana. Pali chifukwa amapangidwa m'njira ziwiri: mankhwala - kudzera chlorination hydroxide kusungunuka mu madzi a chinthu ichi - ndi electrochemical - chifukwa electrolysis ya amadzimadzi njira ya sodium kolorayidi. Aliyense wa njira awa ali quirks yakeyake, koma kuphunzira zambiri pa anayambitsa.

ntchito

mankhwala ndi chofunika kwambiri mu makampani. Izi rasskazatat mosavuta ndi thandizo pa tebulo:

Pomaliza

Pamwamba takupatsani yekha madera yaikulu ndi sodium hypochlorite ntchito. Iwo ali 91% ya ulimi wa mankhwala awa pa dziko msika. Popanda mankhwala si wathunthu ndi mafakitale zina zambiri. Koma ndi sodium hypochlorite chifukwa cha kawopsedwe ake amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri.