Russian ndalama: Ndalama pepala ndi ndalama

ndalama Russian sanali pomwepo ndi zikamera wa chikhalidwe cha kum'mawa Asilavo. dongosolo chofunika ndalama m'dera kukhala pang'onopang'ono kwambiri ndi bwinobwino. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mbiri ya maonekedwe ndalama Russia, ndondomeko ya kusintha maonekedwe awo, kutembenuka kwa ndalama mu chipembedzo, ndi chitukuko ubale chuma dziko.

The ndalama loyamba

M'zaka za m'ma 9, pamene boma la Russia basi anaonekera pa makadi, ndalama madera ake anali apeze zikopa marten, kenako anatchedwa Coon. Kumpoto kwa Russia anali yaikulu ya nkhalango anthu nyama ubweya zobala, amene sanali mu Ufumu wa Byzantine, kotero amalonda Byzantine anagula tsitsi ku Lazaro. Popeza kuti dera la dziko wakale Russian anali ndalama za golidi, amene ankatchedwa zlatniki. Kenako panali zasiliva, zinapangidwa siliva. Maonekedwe a ndalama awa anali ubatizo wa Lazaro mu nthawi, pamene kugwirizana Byzantium ndi Lazaro kwambiri mphamvu. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti ndalama Russian, ndalama, makamaka, anabwera kuchokera ku Byzantium.

Yambani kugawikana

imeneyi ya ndalama Russian amatchedwa "coinless". Pamene Lazaro unagawika 15 fiefdoms, anasiya minting ndalama, makamaka mbisoweka mfundo ndalama aliwonse amene anali kufunika yomweyo aliyense ukulu. Choncho, olemba mbiri ya nthawi iyi, nthaŵi zambiri bullion siliva, umene panthawi imeneyo m'malo ndalamayo.

Zikamera wa ndalama zatsopano

Kugawikana nthawi anali ndi nambala yaikulu kuipa, koma ubwino ambiri. Aliyense ukulu adafunafuna kusintha olemera ndi chikhalidwe, kotero nthawi imeneyi - ndipo ngakhale mpikisano wosatha pakati pa malo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Novgorod m'zaka 13 anayamba timbewu 1 ruble. Zinali kachidutswa kakang'ono wa siliva, masekeli 200 magalamu umene kukadulidwapo pa malekezero a. Ruble ndiye anayamba kugawikana, kwa ndalama adalandira ndalama yaing'ono par. Aliyense ukulu anali ndalama chosiyana. Zimenezi mpaka kaphatikizidwe iwo mu mkhalidwe centralized.

Moscow Russia

Kumapeto kwa ulamuliro wa Ivan 3, pamene nditangomaliza ndondomeko yogwirizanitsa wa ukulu, ndalama Russian zinayambanso kupangidwa pa mfundo yomweyo ndi dongosolo. Izi zinachitika ndi nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Basil 3. mwana wake Koma pamene regent kwa zazing'ono Ivan 4 mayi ake anali Elena Glinskaya, anaganiza kusintha dongosolo la ndalama ya boma, likhale umodzi khalani ziwembu, amene zinapangidwa ndalama. A okwana ndalama 2, onse amene zinapangidwa siliva. Pa mmodzi wa iwo, adali ndi chipembedzo ang'onoang'ono, iye anafaniziridwa ndi pamahatchi akugwira lupanga. Choncho, iwo amatchedwa "Mechev". Pa ndalama zina kuti anali mlingo wapamwamba, onse zinasonyeza wokwera yemweyo, koma dzanja lake anali ndi mkondo. Izi ndalama Russian ankatchedwa "kopeynye". Tsar Fedor Ivanovich anali woyamba kumenya kunja tsiku pa ndalama.
1 ruble pang'onopang'ono mbisoweka ku kufalitsidwa. Ngakhale kuti dzina la "ruble" ntchito, ndalama ngati pafupifupi sanali sakupezeka. Mfundo pa nthawi iyi ya ndalama mu dziko pafupifupi sanali ngakhale khobidi unachita chachikulu, kotero mbali 3.

Vasiliy Shuysky malamulo a zaka zochepa ndipo anakwanitsa kutulutsa woyamba golide ndalama, zomwe mpaka ndiye anali pafupifupi boma ndi nthawi mapangidwe ake.

Imperial Russia

1 Peter kachiwiri ankafuna kusintha dongosolo la ndalama la dziko, anayamba kutulutsa rubles siliva. Siliva anakhala kubala chipembedzo ang'onoang'ono. Koma zaka makumi angapo, Catherine anaganiza m'malo awa ndalama 2 mkuwa, monga dziko analibe siliva, koma, monga ife tikudziwira, siliva ndi zambiri okwera mtengo kusiyana ndi mkuwa, kotero latsopano Russian ndalama yokulirapo komanso wolemera kwambiri kuposa m'mbuyomo. Choncho, ruble zinakwana pafupifupi imodzi ndi theka makilogalamu. Mu mawonekedwe kuti anafanana ndi quadrilateral, ngodya zomwe zinasonyeza odula manja a boma. Komanso anayamba kutulutsa ndalama ndi m'munsi mtengo mwadzina, koma patapita kanthawi iwo anathetsa monga wovuta kwambiri, olemera ndi yaikulu.

Mwana wamkazi wa Piotr 1, Elizabeth, anapanga khumi ndalama, iye dzina lake lachifumu, pyatirublovaya otchedwa poluimperial.

njirayi analipo mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Koma ndiye kupezeka kuyamba ndalama za golidi, omwe anakhala unit yaikulu ya ruble lapansi. Koma golide ankatchedwa salembedwa okha, tinthu wa zitsulo wapatali omwe ali m'bukuli. Komanso anapitiriza ndalama zinapangidwa siliva, yachifumu ndi poluimperial.

pepala ndalama

Mwana wamkazi wa Petro 1, Elizabeth, yemwe anali ndi ndondomeko Minich, kumathandiza kusintha zinthu ndalama dziko chiyambi cha pepala ndalama chotchipa m'malo zitsulo monga momwe Europe. Koma mu Senate, ntchitoyi anali osavomerezeka.
Komabe, Catherine Wachiwiri, amene ankadziwa kuti European, ndi njira kuwapulumutsa waganiza kuti maganizo izi ndi zenizeni. Ndipo mu zaka zao za sikisite mochedwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, iwo anamasulidwa latsopano Russian ndalama mu zipembedzo 100, 75, 50 ndi 25 rubles. Anthu anayamba kulemberana wovuta mkuwa ndalama zimenezi, magombe zatsopano zinatsegulidwa.

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ngongole awa anali kutchedwa banknotes. Koma iwo anayamba pang'onopang'ono depreciate, kuyambira chiwerengero chawo ikukula chaka chilichonse.

ndalama USSR

Pa First World nkhondo anayamba nkhani yake ndalama mapepala makope mbisoweka ngakhale ndalama mkuwa. Komanso, ndalama kwakhala zosavuta kuti alimbikire, mu dziko panali achinyengo.

Kumayambiriro makumi anayamba apereke banknotes mu zipembedzo 5 ndi 10 zikwi, ndi ndalama yaing'ono sikokwanira kusinthitsa ndalama zazikulu zinali kanthu. Ndiyeno boma anayamba kuika mu makope anasintha chizindikiro, kutsimikizira za kudalirika kwa sitampu wapadera. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndalama anayamba depreciate.
Kuyambira makumi dongosolo ndalama anayamba kulimbikitsa, gulu latsopano - ducat. Faifi tambala ndalama anayambitsa.

Mu 1961, kusintha ndalama zinachitikadi, zomwe zina adakula kugula mphamvu ya ruble lapansi.

Russia zamakono

Kuchokera mu 1990 kuti asinthe panopa kopitirira dongosolo la ndalama la lamakono. Koma tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti ndalama Russian sanasiyane kwambiri ndi ndalama nthawi ya Imperial Russia.