Kutsatsa mu kukongoza

Wotchuka kupereka ngongole malonda

Malinga h. 1 tbsp. 435 CC RF kupereka wopita kwa anthu imodzi kapena kutchula zothetsera kuti ndi mokwanira yotsimikizika ndiponso limasonyeza cholinga munthu kupanga pempholo kuti adalowa pangano ndi addressee, amene adzalandira kupereka.

Nkhaniyi ayenera muli mawu onse ofunika kwambiri a mgwirizano.

Zokopa maulalo lamanja la nkhope yake kuchokera pamene chiphaso ake ndi addressee lapansi.

Malinga h. 1 tbsp. 438 wa Civil Code amazindikira kuvomerezedwa ndi mayankho munthu kuti kupereka ukunenedwa pa kuvomereza ake. Choncho h. 3 tbsp. 438 wa Civil Code munthu amene walandira kupereka mwa nthawi anakhazikitsa kulandiridwa ake, kanthu kukhazikitsa zinthu izi mwa iye mgwirizano (misonkhano, ntchito ndi malipiro a ndalama lolingana, etc.) akuti ndi kubvomerezana, kupatulapo ngati tasonyeza operekedwa ndi lamulo, zinthu zina malamulo, kapena mmene kupereka.

Motero, lamulo amapereka ndondomeko chosavuta cha mapeto a mapangano - ndi kuvomereza umafuna.

njirayi ndi applicable mu munda wa banki ntchito.

Monga mmene kumapeto, Banks zambiri ntchito fomu iyi pamapeto pa mapangano ngongole. Ndipo fomu iyi ndi nthawi zambiri ntchito amvekere ndi yokonza makhadi.

Kodi pali nkhani zosiyanasiyana ndi kuvomereza tenders mu kukongoza? ndi Nzofunikira kutsata kuti kuzindikira mgwirizano anamaliza chiyani?

Kodi Bank kumaphwanya ufulu ndi yapachiweniweni? ndi mkangano wa ufulu zochita za nkhani imeneyi?

Pakuti makhadi banki kasitomala (wobwereka) akutenga mawu a banki kumpatsa khadi banki. Izi mawonekedwe ntchito, chikalata (mu mabanki osiyana, chikalata ichi ali dzina lina) amaonedwa kupereka.

Ndithudi, mawu amenewa akhoza amatengedwa kuti ndi makampani.

Choncho h. 1 tbsp. 435 CC RF kupereka ayenera muli mawu onse ofunika kwambiri a mgwirizano. N'kofunika mawu a pangano ngongole ali Art. 30 Chilamulo Federal "Pa Banks ndi banki Ntchito".

Ngati tiyang'ana pa chikalata ichi (mawu a wobwereka ndi), tikuona kuti chikalatacho lili ndi kuchuluka kwa ngongole, ndipo akuti ngongole ndi chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole, ndi ubale wotani, ndipo ngakhale zikuphatikizapo deta onse wokongoza ndi wobwereka. Ali kupereka komanso ndi udindo wa zipani likhoza ofikira.

Choncho, mwalamulo ndi kutsimikiziridwa kuti ntchito mbiri kapena chikalata ena anadyetsedwa wobwereka kupereka ngongole kubanki akhoza amatengedwa kuti ndi makampani mwa mawu a maola. 1 tbsp. 435 wa Civil Code.

Kodi ali kupereka wobwereka infringes ufulu wake boma ndi anthu? N'chifukwa chiyani mabanki ntchito mu mawonekedwe pa mapeto a pangano ngongole kwa utumiki ngongole.

Kuthana ndi nkhani imeneyi n'kofunika kuthana ndi kuyisanthula kupereka wobwereka lapansi.

Taganizirani kupereka wobwereka CJSC Bank "Russian Standard".

Nkhaniyi ananena kuti wobwereka amazindikira mawu ake monga kupereka ndipo anafunsa Bank kunena nazo pangano wosanganiza, zinthu zomwe ndi:

1. Tsegulani banki wake panopa nkhani;

2. Kumasulidwa pa dzina khadi banki wake;

3. Ndipo osokoneza zonena Kuyamikira kwa nkhani banki lotseguka mu dongosolo la Art. 850 wa Civil Code.

Tikambirana bwana zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

1. Oyamba nkhani banki panopa.

Malinga ndi Art. 845 wa Civil Code a banki nkhani pangano banki akuvomera kuvomereza ndi kutamandidwa nkhani chinatseguka kasitomala (chifukwa chofukizira), ndalama kutsatira malamulo a kulanda kasitomala ndi issuance ndalama analemba nkhani ndi kuchita zinthu zina pa nkhaniyi.

Choncho h. 2 tbsp. 846 wa banki Civil Code ayenera kunena pangano ndi nkhani kasitomala banki, anapanga mwatsatanetsatane kutsegula akaunti pa gombe analengeza kuti kutsegula kwa nkhani za mtundu wa zinthu zimene ziyeneretso zotchulidwa malamulo ndi okhazikika malinga ndi malamulo kubanki.

Choncho, wopanga malamulo amatipatsa ndi maganizo akuti ngati wobwereka akulandira akupereka kwa Bank kunena naye pangano nkhani banki, ndiye Bank ayenera kunena pangano ndi nkhani kasitomala banki, umtembenuzire iye ndi maganizo amenewa. Choncho, zikuonekeratu kuti mu nkhani iyi funso si za mikhalidwe ambiri kusaina mgwirizano mkati tanthauzo la Nkhani 435. h. 3438 ya Civil Code, ndi funso la chimaliziro kuvomerezedwa mgwirizano

Kuvomerezedwa kuti kusaina mgwirizano mwa kugonjera kupereka nthawi Art. 445 wa Civil Code.

Malinga h. 1 tbsp. 445 wa Civil Code, pa nthawi imene, malinga ndi Civil Code kapena malamulo ena chipani, chomwe chifuna kupereka (mgwirizano kusodza), mgwirizano Pomaliza, kwenikweni, kuti chipani nadzapatsa zina gulu kulingalira za kuvomereza kapena kukana kwa kuvomereza kapena kuvomereza kupereka pa zinthu zina (protocol wa kusagwirizana kwa mgwirizano kusodza) mu masiku makumi atatu kuchokera tsiku chiphaso cha kupereka.

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa milandu wapadera mu lamulo. Nkhani wapadera mu nkhani iyi amatsatila lamulo (Art. 445 wa Civil Code), kotero malamulo onse a chilamulo (Art. 3 Art. 438 wa Civil Code) adzakhala ntchito insofar ngati sizikusemphana ndi mfundo payekha.

Choncho, likukhalira kuti mwa masiku 30 kalendala ya Bank ayenera kutumiza makasitomala chidziwitso cha kuvomereza kulemba, kusonyeza chiwerengero cha nkhani banki la kasitomala (mu nkhani imene Bank anavomera kasitomala-wobwereka).

Komabe, magombe ngakhale lamulo limeneli la malamulo a mayikowo si kudziŵitsa makasitomala za nambala ya akaunti, pa akuvomereza ndi kubvomerezana amene tikambirane kuchita zimenezo, zimene zinatchulidwa mu mayitanidwewo, mosonyeza kanthu otseguka kubanki. Komanso, makadi okha kubwera makasitomala mu makalata chabe kalata ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi 3-6, osachepera.

2. Kuti kumasula dzina la khadi banki wobwereka a.

chinthu ichi ndi onse - chinachake zabwino kwambiri ali pachiopsezo pa zifukwa zotsatirazi.

Ponena kachiwiri - akadali kuti JSC Bank "Russian Standard". Ilo liri Bank Terms ndi ntchito khadi banki. Apa, apoyera mukhoza kuwona kuti ngakhale mu mutu wa bukuli, komanso kulankhula za izo ndi kupereka wobwereka, ndi dzina la khadi banki.

Ndipo kodi khadi iyi? Ndipotu makhadi kubwera mu njira zosiyanasiyana - receivables, ngongole, kopeleka malipiro, kuchotsera, etc. Komanso, izi zili kupereka mu CJSC Bank "Russian Standard" Bank of wobwereka akufunsa kuti achite ndi izo pangano wosanganiza pa mapu. Pangano pa mapu - ndi sitingazilongole mtundu wanji khadili. Kale mu Pangano mutu, mutu wa General zokwaniritsa wa khadi banki ndi kuphwanya lamulo, chifukwa zili zolembedwa ndi kovuta kudziwa za chikhalidwe cha ubale malamulo ndi Bank.

Nkhaniyi ananena kuti wobwereka kwathuthu gwirizanani kuwerenga ndipo wavomera kuti kutsatira Migwirizano ndi zokwaniritsa, dongosolo tariff. Komabe, mosiyana ndi tanthauzo deta slovochetaniya h. 1 tbsp. 435 wa Civil Code, kuyambira kupereka ayenera muli mawu ofunika kwambiri a mgwirizano, osati mawu ofunika kwambiri a mgwirizano ayenera Ufumuyo kupereka. Komanso, kupereka si chinaneneratu - chimodzimodzi zomwe Terms of makadi banki tawerenga wobwereka, ndi tsiku zimene, zomwe aika mu kuchitapo ndi nthawi zotuluka pa izi Terms General ndi zokwaniritsa. Analysis zochitika zikusonyeza kuti pamene Bank istrebuesh zikalata izi (General zokwaniritsa, tariff dongosolo) ali, nthawi zambiri, kuti zinthu izi ambiri, dongosolo tariff sikuthandiza makasitomala siginecha.

Kusanthula ziriri pano, funso n'lakuti kukhoti - koma ndi ena zinthu ndi dongosolo tariff anali briefed pa wobwereka chiyani? Nkhaniyi silimanena, pa zinthu zimene wobwereka si siginecha. Koma makhoti poopa ayenera kulipira zochita zawo m'makhoti apamwamba kunyalanyaza lamulo ili la chilamulo, ndi kupereka makasitomala kupereka (wobwereka) unali woyenerera.

Komabe, monga Tingaone pamwamba, ngakhale General zokwaniritsa kapena dongosolo tariff si yolembedwa ndi kasitomala, zikalata amenewa sanali kunyamula tsiku umwana awo, amene anatenga. Ndipo malinga ndi malamulo a jurisprudence chikalata otere kukhala umboni, chifukwa lilibe zofunika zazikulu zimene chikangoperekedwa ndi lamulo umboniwo.

3. linachokera kutsegula akaunti banki mu dongosolo la Art. 851 wa Civil Code

Malinga ndi Art. 850 wa Civil Code milandu komwe, malinga ndi mgwirizano nkhani banki, banki amapanga ndalama nkhani, ngakhale chosowa ndalama (ngongole nkhani), banki imatengedwa kupereka makasitomala ndi ngongole kwa kuchuluka koyenera kwa tsiku la malipiro oterowo.

Apa ndi yankho la mafunso onsewa. Opereka makhadi ndi pomaliza wobwereka Pangano pa khadi, ndi Bank amagwiritsa zinthu chosiyana kuposa vuto la pangano ngongole.

Ndipotu pangano ngongole palibe. Pali mgwirizano nkhani banki crediting nkhaniyi.

Apoyera zimaoneka nthawi yomweyo kuti mbali yaikulu ya ili losanganikirana pa mgwirizano khadi ndi mgwirizano nkhani banki.

Choncho, mkati tanthauzo la chilamulo kukhala omasuka ndipo zikuonekeratu kuti wobwereka zilibe kanthu, ndi Bank analandira kupereka ndi kulandira anapangidwa, ie, zochita kutchulidwa kupereka. Wobwereka zilibe kanthu pamene nkhani tidutse, pamene anasamutsidwa ndalama nkhaniyi. Main wobwereka chidziwitso olembedwa mogwirizana ndi Article 445 la Civil Code.

Koma Bank satumiza zidziwitso a. Nanga zizichitidwa?

Mwatsoka, nkhani imeneyi pali zambiri zokambirana, pali mfundo ina. Lamulo sasamalira udindo uliwonse chifukwa chakuti Bank aziphonya tsiku lomalizira kwa zidziwitso olembedwa kuti wobwereka ya nambala ya akaunti. Ie Banks, popanda kudziwitsa kasitomala mu tsiku lomalizira chifukwa malamulo, sadzakhala wopalamula, ndi makhoti kuyima pa mbali ya gombe, koma monga Tingaone pa kusanthula malamulo amenewa - pangano Sikuti zogwirizana ndi cholinga cha mapeto a Mapangano simungathe kuzindikira monga mkaidi kulemba.

Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi yekhayo mudziwe kalata ya RF kuchokera 05.05.1997, № 14 "Review wa Kuthetsa nkani zochimwilana pakati zokhudzana mapeto, kusinthidwa ndi kuchotsa zimenezi." Malinga ndi kalata zambiri, ndi Federal Antimonopoly Service la Chitaganya cha Russia anati kuti ngati zindikirani kuti ndi wolandiridwa (nkhani nambala kwa ife) sanalandiridwe pa nthawi - zotsatira za kupereka null alionse ndipo ngati pangano si kuti anamaliza.

mfundo imeneyi imasonyeza malamulo a chilamulo boma ndi miyambo ntchito.

Komabe Kalatayi SAC sangathe amati ndi lamulo si lamulo, ndipo lamulo, ie, lamulo - osati zonse nkhaniyi.

Izi ndi nkhondo yaikulu ya malamulo pa nkhaniyi.

Komabe, ankachitira ndi funso zimene pangano ngongole, koma pali crediting nkhani banki.

Banks nayo maudindo awa m'makhoti. Iwo amanena kuti khadi anabwera mu makalata kwa inu, ndipo itanani banki, adamulowetsa izo, iwo anatenga ndalama, ndalamazo ntchito. Kodi kupereka ndalama, kamodzi pali - zochitika chabe. Banks kutenga udindo kuti yambitsa khadi, ngakhale pambuyo kutsegula kwa khadi, koma pamaso pochoka ndalama kuchokera ATM - alibe chidwi si mlandu.

Komabe, chokana izi Banks mosiyana nkhani ya Civil Code.

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane.

Monga tanenera kale, monga mwa pangano nkhani banki, banki akuvomera kuvomereza ndi ngongole nkhani chinatseguka kasitomala (chifukwa chofukizira), ndalama kutsatira malamulo a kulanda kasitomala ndi issuance ndalama analemba nkhani ndi kuchita zinthu zina pa nkhaniyi.

Choncho, pamene Bank anasamutsidwa ndalama zake khadi la kasitomala (nkhani yake banki), anthu akukhulupirira kuti ndalama operekedwa. Ndipo zinthu zikatero kutsegula khadi - amakhala phindu pa onse. banki anavomera munapangana, anatsegula ndalama ku banki ndi khadi womangidwa kutsegula akaunti kubanki ku ngongole, banki kusamukira khadi banki (mwachitsanzo nkhani banki), ndalama (ie linachokera ndalama ku banki). . Malinga mayitanidwewo, Article 438 Gawo 3 la Civil Code, anatchula ndi Bank - Pangano pa mapu kale anasaina, chotero kale zikugwira ntchito mfundo zonse za ake (chiwongola dzanja, ndalama, zilango). N'chifukwa chiyani pa nkhani zimenezi ayenera khadi kutsegula, ndi zimene limatipatsa? Mafunso amenewa palibe mayankho panobe.

Komabe, zimene zimachitika lotsatira, pambuyo zochita zonse zimene Bank anali, malinga ndi kupereka wobwereka a. Ndiyeno khadi banki akadzafika mu makalata ndi kalata wamba.

Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani?

Malinga ndi Russian malamulo panopa kukutanthauza kuti nzika zonse kudziwa lamulo. Osadziwa chilamulo alibe chowiringula. Choncho, tiyeni tinene kuti aliyense amadziwa lamulo. Ndiye, mwanzeru zotsatirazi amapezeka. Wobwereka amalandira khadi banki ndi bukletik - momwe ntchito khadili (malangizo ntchito). khadi Baibulo silinena kuti ndi ngongole. Mu bukletik mmene kugwiritsa ntchito ATMs, kwa utali inaletsedwa, zoyenera kuchita ngati ATM "anachiritsidwa" khadi, momwe kupeza Pin - code, etc. Mawu za ngongole si konse.

Choncho, wobwereka amadziwa kuti anapanga kupereka mapeto a mapu, koma zidziwitso olembedwa a nambala imene iye sanalandire. Choncho, wobwereka chake amakhulupirira kuti kupereka lakana mgwirizano ndi anamaliza. Ndipo khadi ili mu makalata wobwereka analandira za monga pempho la Bank kuti pa mapeto a lochititsa chidwi ufulu pangano ngongole.

Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa kupereka ayenera muli mawu onse ofunika kwambiri a mgwirizano. Mu bukletik - yokonza malangizo - kapena za mlingo chidwi kapena moyo wa ngongole kapena malipiro apamwezi silimanena mawu. Choncho - ngakhale chidwi wopanda ngongole.

Komanso, khadi gombe anadza mu makalata pambuyo 3-6 miyezi ya malipiro ndi wobwereka kuti kutenga katundu ngongole (Zida ngongole). Ndipo wobwereka analandira khadi mu makalata chifukwa chikumbumtima amakwaniritsa maudindo ake amaona khadi monga khadi odalirika makasitomala. Izi zikachitika, ndipo amaganiza ngongole popanda chiwongoladzanja.

Kachiwiri - kachiwiri, ndi kuyitanira Bank, ndi mphamvu khadi iyi (ie anachita kuvomereza). Choncho, wobwereka lidzabweza olemekezeka ndi mgwirizano lidzawotchedwa anaona kuti akwaniritsidwe.

Motero, kupereka koyamba wobwereka alibe chilichonse kutumiza makalata khadi banki.

Izi ndi kasamalidwe akusocheretsa monga kwa katundu ndi khalidwe la mabungwe a banki a.

Pomaliza ndikufuna kunena.

Ndi zothandiza kuti pa pano osunga ndalama nthawi ndi salinso anatumidwa ndi positi khadi. Ngati makadi ngati sikungakhale kuswa ufulu wa ogula - akhala osunga ndalama kupereka phindu zabwino mu ntchito yake? Kuyankha mafunso awa, ine ndikuganiza, inu athandize nokha.