Russian chokongoletsera: kujambula. Chiyukireniya chokongoletsera

Ngati luso akale wowerengeka, chokongoletsera inayambira. Ndi luso kusonyeza mzimu weniweni wa anthu. Amachititsa mzere mbiri, zimene zimasonyeza mtima dziko. Choncho, kodi panopa ndi yokongola luso?

ndi chitsanzo chimene

Ndi mawu akuti "chitsanzo" timakumana zambiri ndipo amaganiza kuti ankamvetsa tanthauzo lake. Koma likukhalira, si mophweka. Kumene, chokongoletsera - kujambula anapanga njira yapadera padziko iliyonse. Koma pamene talandira mawu? Iwo likukhalira kuti amachokera kwa ornamentum Latin, kutanthauza "yokongola." kupenta wakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito zodzikongoletsera wakale zovala, zida zankhondo, Chalk banja, nsalu. Pafupi kwambiri kwa mawu akadali yoyenera Russian mawu mbadwa "chitsanzo." Poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo yokongola pafupifupi zikumveka sayansi, koma ndi mawu abwino amasonyeza akamanena za mlanduwo. Mfundo kupenta ndi kubwerezabwereza angapo a chitsanzo mu ndondomeko inayake.

Ine ndikudabwa chinachake: Kumadzulo yokongola chitsanzo si ntchito osiyana luso, koma likukamba chabe kwa makongoletsedwe lapansi. Pa nthawiyi n'kuti Russia mpaka m'ma 19, dongosolo awa sanali basi ndi chibadwa zodzikongoletsera, koma analinso ndi tanthauzo lapadera lachinsinsi.

Mwachitsanzo, ankakhulupirira kuti ena yokongola dongosolo pa zovala akhoza kuteteza ku mizimu yoipa ndi zinthu zoipa - njala, adani, yavulala pa nkhondo kapena imfa ... Choncho, dongosolo amenewa anachita chisamaliro changu ndi cholondola. Ngakhale ngati olamulira sanali ndithu kumvetsa phindu kulenga zojambula, iwo abwerezedwa mwatsatanetsatane zimene tinatengera akapolo anzawo akale.

Kumene, zojambula, ziwembu, dongosolo - ndi mbali yofunika ya chikhalidwe wakale Russian, anabereka mibadwo yambiri ya ku Russia. Chiyambi cha luso limeneli amabwerera Kale, kotero yaitali, kuti ndi zoona, pamene anabadwa ndi luso, ndi sangathe.

kutanthauza zokongoletsera

Zojambula, ziwembu, moyo, makamaka amene abwera kwa ife yakale, kulankhula za maganizo ndi miyambo ya anthu ya nyengo wakale. Pankhaniyi, zonse zikuchitika kwa luso lakalekale sanali kubwereza mwangwiro makina a malangizo. Ndicho chifukwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chatha panali mwambo wa otchedwa schitok. Zinali chakuti ambuye wamng'ono anabweretsa ntchito yawo ku mudzi wakale wa needlework misonkhano yapadera. Apa atsikana analankhula mwatsatanetsatane za zomwe kuima nsalu, motero popeza ndinapatsa, wapadera "mayeso".

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zojambula chitsanzo-kujambula kwa nthawi angakhale anadabwa kwambiri kwa lingaliro ano anthu. Makamaka, mmodzi wa chizindikiro ambiri anali swastika! Amaona chizindikiro cha kubereka, chizindikiro cha m'zinthu zachilengedwe.

Lero, olimba "Hitlerism" mu zodzikongoletsera akale achuluke kwambiri. Koma kuthekera mphamvu ya chizindikiro ichi ndi mkulu. Choncho, monga iwo amati, ku mawu nyimbo sangathe kufufuta!

Zokongoletsa ndi dongosolo pa mbale. Khokhloma

Mu masiku akale m'dera wotsika Volga panali mwambo kujambula dongosolo zosamvetsetseka ziwiya matabwa. Choyamba mbuye pogaya mbale zolowa, makapu ndi spoons wa alder. Ndiye mbale ankapatsidwa mwapadera, utoto dongosolo ndi kutulutsa tempering ng'anjo. Choncho wotchuka Russian Khokhloma. Ake "yosangalatsa" ndi ziwiya kuumitsa zosiyanasiyana pa izo zikuchoka wapadera golide glitter, amene anapereka yachilendo mankhwala chikondwerero matabwa ndi maonekedwe mtengo.

Masiku ano, hohloma, wakukonzerani mwa ambuye mu hinterland Russian, ali kwambiri kukhala nawo mu dziko msika. Ogula ochokera kumayiko akutali mpake kutamandidwa katswiri wa Russian Akutsatira luso.

chokongoletsera ziwembu zosiyanasiyana Chiyukireniya

Chiyukireniya chokongoletsera mwambo amadziwikanso chinayambira kalekale. Kawirikawiri ntchito monga maziko makoma a nyumbazo, ziwiya ndi zinthu zina. Mu dongosolo ili muli zizindikiro zachikunja ndi yapadera tanthauzo wopatulika. Choncho, chidwi anapeza zithumwa - penti ndi dongosolo wapadera zodzitetezera tanthauzo lenileni la chomwe ndi ochepa anadziwa.

Koma pakapita nthawi, dongosolo anayamba kujambula osati zamanja zoteteza, komanso zinthu zina.

Chiyukireniya yokongola ophiphiritsa

Makhalidwe yaikulu zokongoletsera awa anali chifanizo cha dzuwa ndi madzi. Ndipo palibe mwangozi. dzuwa ankaona chizindikiro cha amuna. Madzi, monga mayi wa zamoyo zonse - akazi. zigawo awiriwa angathe kupereka dziko moyo watsopano. Ndicho chifukwa kupereka lokongola lino ankaona cholakalaka kupeza moyo wako mkazi kapena kulimbikitsa alipo banja kubadwa kwa mwana.

, Zojambula anali nthawi zonse ophiphiritsa kwambiri ngati tikukamba za chokongoletsera Chiyukireniya. Chofunika kwambiri chinali chifaniziro ndi mbalame. Zithunzi zimenezi zikuimira moyo wa munthu. Koma nkhunda kapena hawks mu zodzikongoletsera Chiyukireniya kuimira okonda amene ali okonzeka kulenga awiri a.

Petrikov kupenta

Petrikov kupenta ndi imodzi mwa odziwika ndi ambiri mitundu ya ornamented Chiyukireniya luso. Dzinali amachokera m'mudzi Petrikovka dera Dnipropetrovsk, kumene kunali amisiri kwambiri luso mlanduwo. Iwo amakhala chete zinsinsi wakale.

"Petrikovka", monga iwo amachitcha mtundu wa luso ndi chitsanzo cha zokongoletsera ndi yokongola luso wowerengeka. Padangokhala kokha malinga apeza nyumba, koma pa nthawi, ndalama zimene anapereka kwa mafashoni atsopano ndi pempho 'makasitomala, mbuye anayamba kukongoletsa zosiyanasiyana za magetsi banja zoona, kuwapatutsa mu zinthu zokongoletsera. Choncho, Petrikov kupenta angapezeke pa zifuwa, zida wowerengeka nyimbo, matawulo ndi smocks. Komanso, ngakhale utoto nsipu ndi aŵiri!

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Petrikov penti ngati palibe mtundu wina wa luso kukongoletsa, ndipo ananyezimiritsa zochita za zaposachedwapa. Iwo ankagwira ntchito luso thupi. Zotsatira yafalikira mawonekedwe a sukulu yapadera luso ndi ambuye ndi miyambo yawo.

Komanso, lero luso anatha kubwezeretsa zadothi kupenta, galasi, ndi ena ambiri, pa Koyamba, si oyenera zinthu zokongoletsera.

Pomaliza, tikuona kuti Russian ndi Ukraine zokongoletsera ngakhale kuti ali ndi zinthu zingapo zochititsa zambiri kuonetsa moyo umodzi wa anthu Asilavo - mosasamala kanthu za dziko lawo la ambuye zogona.