Road mbale: kukula, GOST

Road mbale, kutalika kwa amene angakhale osiyana, zachilendo lero yomanga nthambi zoyendera. Iwo ntchito mwakhama chilengedwe cha misewu, motorways ndipo misewu. Iwo amatha kusunga ntchito yawo apamwamba mu uthunthu mwachilungamo lonse la kutentha, Musataye mphamvu ngakhale pa -40 ⁰ C. ntchito zawo zipangitsa kudalirika ndi moyo utumiki yaitali owaka miyala.

Makulidwe mbale msewu

Malinga mtundu mbale mwina miyeso osiyana ndipo, ndithudi, mtengo. Choncho, mbale ali miyeso PD 60H12 6000h1200h220 mm, kulemera kwake ndi matani 3,39. Pamene chilemba mbale 3-23 PD ali ndi kukula kwa 3000h1500h220 mm, kulemera kwake - tonnes 2,42. Pali mbale amene mabowo kwa zimaswa, ndi Mwachitsanzo, AP 6 (c), mbali yake - 2500h1750h220 mm, ndi kulemera - matani 2.3. Ambiri mbale, amene mabowo kwa zimaswa mwina ndi miyeso osiyana, akhoza kusiyana pakati pawo 2800h2000h220 mm, momwe kulemera ndi matani 2.5.

mfundo Government

Ndi kanthu makina sayenera kutaya mbale msewu makhalidwe. Makulidwe GOST n'komwe pamene atagona misewu ndi katundu wina. Choncho, ngati mbale wapangidwa popanda kutenga mfundo nkhani, ntchito osachepera inefficient, ndi ambiri - oopsa.

Road mbale ayenera kukhala mosabisa, pa maziko awo - konkire, analimbitsa ndi zinthu zitsulo. Ntchito ngati pakufunika kutero akonzekeretse msewu, kaya ndi osakhalitsa kapena okhazikika. mankhwala amenewa anapangidwa ndi nkhani GOST 21924.0-84, imene imakhudza kupanga mbale, amene ntchito kusinthika kwa misewu m'tawuni. Pamene armature izi prestressed m'menemo. Pali GOST wina 21924.2-84 amene ntchito popanga slabs ndi Free ya mavuto zolimba. mankhwala amenewa kupanga maziko a ❖ kuyanika chokhalitsa kapena zosakhalitsa.

Road mbale, ukulu, GOST, ndi cholinga chimene chizindikiro mankhwala, kodi ndi makhalidwe osiyana. Choncho, ngati mankhwala cholinga yomanga misewu okhazikika, ndiye Tingaone chodetsa chizindikiro "1P". Pamene mbale amene ali kupanga misewu kwa kanthawi, amatchedwa "2P". Wopanga ukugawa mankhwala mu ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mbale, zomwe zaikidwa "2P 30-18.30" angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulenga ❖ kuyanika osakhalitsa, imene katundu alibe upambana tonnes 30, koma kutentha opaleshoni sayenera kugwa m'munsimu -40 ° C. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mbale kwa kuwayika m'njira yokhalitsa kapena zosakhalitsa, ndiye inu mukhoza ntchito amene amalembedwa kuti "DMA 3x1.5". Katundu pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera kutsatira ndi zina mtundu wa simenti ntchito mu mapangidwe mbale. Kuti akonze ❖ kuyanika okhazikika pa katundu amene sadzakhala matani oposa 300, ndi kutentha osiyanasiyana pa ntchito kuti angagwe m'munsimu -40 ° C, n'zotheka ntchito mankhwala olembedwa kuti "1P30-18.30". Ngati mukufuna kulimbitsa gombe, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mbale "Miyambo-3", ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha.

Zamgululi ntchito mavuto

mbale Road amene miyeso anali tafotokozazi Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pamene atagona misewu kuti adzakhala pansi makhalidwe makamaka aukali kunja, mwachitsanzo kutentha -55 ° C. makhalidwe amenewa lolingana mbale chizindikiro "PDN" lomwe lili ndi chimango mokwanira amphamvu.

mfundo boma konkire

mbale Road amene miyeso anali anafotokoza m'nkhani, kwenikweni iyenela yopangidwa ndi zinthu zimene malinga ndi khalidwe GOST. Choncho, zochokera mankhwala kulemedwa konkire. kudzazidwa wake wapangidwa mu mawonekedwe amene poyamba anapereka ndi zitsulo zolimba, izo (ena mbale kuthetseratu) ali nako zapatsogolo voteji.

mbale Road, miyeso, kulemera kwa omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito simenti B25 M-350 ndi M400 B30. Technology ntchito n'chosavuta kumva ndipo alibe idzagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zodula kapena zapamwamba. Imakhala kwa mtundu kukonzekera wakupambana woyamba kuyeretsedwa sitepe ndi processing m'makoma dongosolo lapadera kuti magawowa demolding ndondomeko. Mu mawonekedwe a nsapato anaika mauna ikuthandizira, amene atathana kuteteza kusamutsidwa ndi kusunga mtunda chofunika. Pambuyo mbuye chitani Konkire kuthira, wakupambana mpaka solidification ndondomeko kudzera mwa vibrators makina compaction.

Mankhwalawa matenthedwe konkire malinga GOST

Kuti mbale msewu, kutalika kwa amene ndendende zikufanana ndi mawonekedwe wotanganidwa ndi kuthira anali amphamvu, pa siteji yotsatira pansi pa kutentha chimene chimachitika mu chipinda kutentha. Akamaliza kupanga ndondomeko kukhala n'kuthamangitsidwa nkhungu, kusanthula khalidwe ndi wotsatira ankachita. Chinthu choyamba inu kulabadira mbuye - ichi ndi yosalala pamwamba.

Features woyala malinga GOST

msewu mbale khalidwe ayenera zikugwirizana zimene malamulo ndi GOST. Kupatula pa makhalidwe kale mwina kudziŵika kuti mankhwala n'zosavuta kalembedwe. The kuphatikiza yaikulu amachita kuti msewu siyikhuzana kukonzekera zovuta. gawo Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo okha kufunika chodetsa ndi mayikidwe. Komanso, m'pofunika kuyala bedi la mchenga, kakakulu amene ayenera kukhala mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Pambuyo mbale yaikidwa, ndipo akhoza ankaganiza kuti msewu okonzeka.

Analimbitsa-simenti slab msewu, kutalika kwa amene angakhale osiyana ndipo linanena pamwamba, mwayi wina pa phula chikhalidwe. Amakhala mu chakuti yakumadzulo / yakumadzulo mankhwala mosavuta kuchotsedwa ngati n'koyenera. Cooker popanda kutaya ntchito zake, ndipo kenako mankhwala akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene atagona msewu watsopano pa malo ena. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka pamene pali kufunika kuti akonzekeretse msewu zosakhalitsa pa malire a m'misasa asilikali pomanga.

Kudalira slabs mtengo pa kukula kwawo

Road mbale (PD), kutalika kwa amene angakhale osiyana, ndipo pali njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mbale 2P mtundu 30-18-30, kukula kwa amene ali ofanana 3000h1750h170 mm, ali ndi ubwino 5900 rubles. Koma mankhwala mtundu 2P 30-18-10 ali miyeso 3000h1200h170 mamilimita ndi ndalama 5881 rubles. Mankhwala mtundu AP 6 miyeso mkati 2500h1750h220 mm, ndipo mtengo wake ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi 11.129 pakani.

pomaliza

slabs Konkire msewu omwe miyeso ndi mosalekeza chifukwa iwo angakhale osiyana ndi mopitirira kwa zokutira ndi potsegula osiyana ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, ndi mokwanira lalikulu chitetezo malire. Iwo ntchito zomangamanga, ndi ogula payekha, iwo ntchito, ngakhale mtengo alandiridwa. slabs Konkire, kaya amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito iwo kanthawi kapena kwa moyo, adzamva maganizo, n'kumapewa magalimoto okha, komanso katundu kunja mu mawonekedwe a mvula, kuzizira ndi thawing, makamaka pa kasupe ndi yophukira pamene kusiyana kutentha kungakhale chidwi kwa tsiku limodzi. Madzi otsekeredwa mu ming'alu, amaundana usiku akupanga mng'alu kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake kupanga konkire ntchito, zomwe ziyenera kukhala molingana ndi malamulo.