Remarque zilembedwe. Erich Mariya ndemanga: ogwidwa, aphorisms ndi mawu

Erich Mariya ndemanga ... Ndi kwenikweni lalikulu umunthu wake - tingachipeze powerenga, amene amayembekezeka kulemba adzazunzidwa moyo wa nyengo lowopsya la nkhondo dziko ...

Poyamba, dzina lake linkatchulidwa monga Erich Paulo ndemanga. Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi pa nthawi za nkhondo, pafupi anamukwiyira olumala chifukwa asanu mabala nkhondo mozunzika. Madokotala ananeneratu kuti sakhalitsa wosasangalala kuli wolemala, koma mphamvu ya mzimu unali wamphamvu. Komabe, nkhonyayo kowopsya kwa Eric anali imfa yosayembekezereka ya mavuto anasamutsidwa ndi amake chisoni - Patapita chaka chimodzi, atatha ovulala. Kenako Remarque zilembedwe ntchito biographers ananena anasamutsa iwo kusauka kwa maganizo: "Amayi - ichi ndi olimbikitsa kwambiri kwa onse amene ali padziko lapansi. Mayi - izo zikutanthauza: kukhululuka ndi nsembe tokha ".

Special wolemba talente

Monga anauza mu Maulendo Ake, kuti tikhale ndi achilendo mascot imfa, kamodzi ndi njira: m'malo mwa anangotchula zake zonse za "Paulo" m'dzina mayi - Maria. Erich ankaganiza kuti apitiriza kusamalira moyo wake, sukulu dropout, anapsa ndi nkhondo.

M'maganizo ndi maganizo zosangalatsa anali organically chibadidwe munthu uyu luso. Mwina Choncho, zochokera mabuku Remarque za chikondi ndi nkhondo, wa munthu ndi mtima wake kukhudza moyo wa owerenga.

Nthawi zina maganizo wolemba ali kotero amanoledwa, mwachidule, kumva, choyambirira, nthawi yomweyo adakumbukira owerenga, kukhala aphorisms.

Remarque akuyamba ntchito zolembalemba

Osati hothouse sukulu ya moyo, iye anali mu unyamata wake. thupi amphamvu akadali achire. Atabatizidwa anavulazidwa, iye anali kuyesera kuziyika monga woimba, mpikisano woyendetsa galimoto, ndiyeno - monga mtolankhani wina. Panthawi imeneyi analemba ntchito zoyamba pa kalembedwe amatikumbutsa atolankhani tabloid. Komabe, patatha zaka zisanu unkagwiritsidwa ake zolaula kukula akatswiri: anapatsidwa ntchito yapamwamba ku Europe - kukhala mtolankhani Hanover buku "Echo la America." Zinali sukulu zabwino. Back mu Germany, anakhala mkonzi wa mlungu "Bild Shport iwo."

Chirengedwe cha mlembi wa buku za nkhondo padziko lonse lapansi ngofunika

Patatha zaka zinayi, Remarque amatenga buku kulemba, zimene zinabweretsa iye kutchuka ndiponso chuma - ". Onse Matama pa Western Front" Zosatheka nkhani ya mbuye chabwino cha prose za anthu amene anasiya moyo wamtendere, anakankhira mu chotentha n'kusindikiza mbiya ya nkhondo, anakakamizika kufa mwa zikwi. Kenako, buku la kuonekeratu zotsutsana ndi mphamvu ya Hitler anapemphera kuti owerenga umunthu, kuutsa chifundo, kukana chiwawa.

Written ngati presentiment ya tsoka German m'zaka 40, kusimba muno inasanduka chakudya Cannon. Otsutsa amavomereza kuti mu mabuku dziko buku limeneli ndilo buku zabwino za Ine World nkhondo.

yotsatira ake - buku "Kubweranso" - analankhula za m'nthawi wolemba, amene, olumala mwakuthupi ndi mwauzimu, pobwerera kutsogolo kwa munthu wamba, iwo sanali anthu, wosakhazikika.

amakakamizidwa emigration

Palibe mneneri ku dziko la kwawo. Osaneneka posachedwa otchedwa ntchito wolembayo "osokoneza." Zaumunthu maganizo a zomvetsa chisoni nkhondo wolemba bwino chiyani sizigwirizana ndi Goebbels mfundo za Nazi, amene anayamba kulamulira mu 30s mu Germany. Nazi ankanena zolemba zake "wofooka mzimu German", ndi Erich Mariya ndemanga anali "mdani wa Mfumu."

Nazi kupatula nkhanza analibe kanthu kutsutsa choonadi moona ofotokozera ofotokozera za tsogolo la m'badwo wake, ndi nkhondo, wake "wonyenga" mabuku n'kutentha pagulu. Wolemba poopa chokana, anasamuka ku Switzerland.

zaka 40 za ukapolo ...

Kaya amangotchula akuti emigration wolemba chinachitikira ndi kufunafuna nthawi ya Mose "lolonjezedwa" kwa anthu ake? Remarque anadzionetsa kunja dzikolakwathu, osati monga wolemba - ndi patriot, komanso wolemba - nzeru za anthu. analemba kuti: "Nthawi sikapola ...".

Classic kumaonekera mabuku ake padziko lonse weniweni German mzimu - mzimu wa anzeru, humanists, antchito, chakuya rethinking tsoka la kwawo ndi amtundu wake. Mzimu womwewo umene zinachititsa kuti kulankhula Patapita za "German chozizwitsa" - chitsitsimutso mofulumira dziko.

Ku Switzerland, anasamukira ku France, ndiyeno - kwa Mexico, ndiye - mu United States. Wake "emigrant" Kunena - "Arc de Triomphe", "The Night ku Lisbon", "Uzikonda mnzako" - akhala wodziwika bwino mu mabuku dziko. M'nthawi mudziwitse: zapamwamba analemba Remarque.

ntchito zake - "comrades atatu", "Arc de Triomphe", "anabwereka Moyo", "The Night ku Lisbon." "Black Obelisk", "Nthawi Moyo ndi nthawi ya kufa" - ali wotchuka kwambiri ndipo anajambula. Mfundo zopezeka iwo Remarque, ndipo ukutchulidwa zogwirizana.

Aliyense wa mabuku Remarque ndi woyenera Nkhani osiyana, koma tingathe kulemba munthu mwatsatanetsatane yekha.

"Arc de Triomphe"

buku la "Arc de Triomphe" Remarque olembedwa kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse mu United States, kumene anasamuka. Maziko - nkhani yeniyeni ya emigrant German, Dr. Fresenburg kuti kunja ntchito dzina labodza Ravik. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Remarque anapangidwa mu chifanizo cha mbali yaikulu buku la kwambiri wa munthu ...

Izi - buku paradoxical, chifukwa, ngakhale kuti chiwembu ake chimakwirira zaka za nkhondo yoopsayo, leitmotif ake anali chikondi. Chikondi kuti "alibe chikusokosera ubwenzi." Mu ntchito iyi, ankaona osati kalembedwe wolemba, - palibe mphamvu zodabwitsa za ntchito yake. History luso German dokotala Ravick mozemba kukhala mu Paris ndi mokongola ndi opareshoni, anakakamizika kusunga anamuzindikira sangachoke owerenga osayanjanitsika, chifukwa "amathera moyo wake mu mahotela ambiri" kukumbukira chisanadze nkhondo dziko, chomwe anachifotokoza kuti ndi "m'Paradaiso."

Ravick generality a chifanizo ndi umunthu wa wolemba ake

Remarque analenga "Arc de Triomphe", osati mowolowa manja autobiographical waukulu makhalidwe ofanana. Monga Dr. Ravik, iye sakanakhoza kukhala mu Germany kwawo (Nazi lakana nzika). Anamenyera mu World nkhondo yoyamba Monga protagonist ya buku, ine ndinali mu chikondi. Komabe, mabuku Zhoan Madu anali ndithu weniweni zinachitika - Marlene Dietrich, amene Remarque mu 1937 kunali zochitika yowala itatha imfa wolemba mu 1970. Zinali ndi wosasangalala mwacikondi, chifukwa Marlene sanalengedwa chifukwa banja ... Waluso mawu a chikondi wolemba awo nkhani zimapangitsa owerenga kumbukirani zilembedwe Remarque kusangalala ndakatulo awo ndi chapamwamba.

Kodi wina chimakakamiza limodzi lalikulu German novelist wa XX atumwi ndi Dr. Ravick? Udani wa Nazi. Mu nkhaniyi, buku Opaleshoni amapha ku Paris Gestapo wakupha Haake ndi kuzunza dovedshy chibwenzi chake kudzipha.

kwa gwidwa mlengi wa izi khalidwe, wolemba msilikali, munthu guillotined ku Germany, akulu wake wokondedwa mlongo Elfriede mwina Uninvented mdani akanakhala anawonongedwa mu dziko lenileni mu mofanana ndi mmene! "Dyera" koyamba kumverera kubwezera m'maganizo Ravick, chifukwa chinyezimiro, wakhala m'malo mwa kufuna "adzikonzenso nkhondoyo." Izi akhoza kumva, kuwerenga zolemba Remarque za nkhondo za ulemu wa munthu.

"Chipilala" - buku kwambiri, nthanthi

Kodi aliyense amabweretsa chithunzi zolembalemba ndi Mlengi wake? Mumtima pachimake, amene amalola osati kuti apulumuke nthawi ya bulauni mliri wa fascism, komanso kukhala ndi otsutsa maganizo misanthropic mfundo. mtima wake kwa Fascism Remarque si kufotokoza mwachindunji. Kwa iye ali - "mphamvu m'ndende", "mazira nkhope ophedwa abwenzi," "mantha phiri moyo". Koma ndi bwino kuoneka pa mau a khalidwe lake: nthawizina kuvumbula, ndipo nthawizina choonadi. Ngati wojambula - payekha burashi zikwapu - umabweretsa owerenga ndi rethinking wa akamanena za "bulauni mliri".

Ndemanga za udindo wa mabuku moyo

Palibe patsogolo pake, kapena pambuyo sanalembe mabuku mochokera pansi pa mtima. Ndipotu, kwa munthu pariah, munthu emigrant Kodi "chunks kiyubiki wa zimapita chikumbumtima" nthawi zambiri anali ndi mabwenzi apamtima. Ndipo Remarque, ndi Dr. Ravik zidalengedwa mwa iye, pokhala kuchoka m'dziko lakwawo, kupeza kubwereketsa moyo wa kuwerenga mabuku. makoti Kodi zolondola Remarque za iwo, mabwenzi enieni ndi alangizi kuti kuleza miyoyo, chosaoneka ndi maso zolengedwa za namatetule anthu!

Ankakonda zinthu Zweig, Dostoevsky, Goethe, Thomas Mann. Kumene, musati kubweretsa mabuku nzeru ndi chabwino chakale mabuku ena ofotokoza njira zinthu ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, malowedwe akulemba tingachipeze powerenga German wa XX atumwi, kulenga mu moyo wa munthu ndi chotchinga kuwachiritsa zoipa, osati kupereka izi amafotokozera mdima kulowa m'moyo wake.

Chifanizo cha wolemba mu "Arc de Triomphe"

Za wolemba moyo malo mawu anagwiranso Remarque. "Arc de Triomphe ... dera lake ndi kuteteza manda a msirikali wosadziwika," amachita monga chizindikiro Europe lonse bata ndi mutendele. Iwo amaona ngati chachikulu bokosilo kuti anapulumuka ndi kugwa kwa Napoleon ndi chimene lidzapulumuka kulephera kwa Hitler. Buku chomwecho ndi nyimbo maganizo Loona za dziko zochokera chikondi ndi makhalidwe a anthu: zomveka anthu azikhala, kulolerana, wosuliza chinyezimiro cha chowonadi, wofunitsitsa kuchita kukambirana.

Ngakhale kuti Dr. Ravik, tikukhala mu Paris pa zikalata linapanga, amadwala kulandidwa - alibe nyumba osatha, osati anayambitsa banja ndi ana - iye si owawa, maganizo ndi zochita zake oona mtima ndi lotseguka. Iye anatsatira chikumbumtima chake, wakhala akuthandiza anthu awa, pamene anzake olemera amasonyeza dyera ndi kudzikonda.

Mkulu khalidwe labwino mu moyo paokha nthawi zonse amalembedwa yekha Remarque. Iye, monga Mayi Teresa, anayesa kuthandiza aliyense. Mwachitsanzo, mnzake wa Hans Erich Sohachevera chabe kutetezedwa ku nyumba kwake ... Ntchito zake zinali mu ankafuna ndi kubweretsa malipiro, iye anakhala izo zonse pa thandizo ndalama kuti m'dziko lake - otsutsa.

Aakulu imfa unali wolemba imfa ya bwenzi lake - mtolankhani German Feliksa Mendelsona, amene anaphedwa mu gulu, masana yotakata ndi Nazi wothandizira.

Iye akudwala moyo wa m'dziko lake, makamaka amene ali mu France. Pambuyo ntchito ya dziko ndi Germany ambiri a iwo inatha kundende ndi imfa ... Mwina n'chifukwa chake pa zazing'ono cholemba Remarque kwambiri zomvetsa chisoni itha buku lake. Iye amafa kuwombera wa wosewera nsanje zotsutsana ndi zachikazi Joan. asilikali German anawoloka malire ndiponso pafupi ndi likulu French. Ravik amachita ngati fatalist ndi - Police ati, m'malo mwake, kubisala ...

Kudzera mwa wolemba wapadera zinkakhalira Paris 30

Kungakhale kulakwa, akulankhula za "Arc de Triomphe", koma taonani kufunika kwake luso ndi mbiri yakale. Kuliwerenga, ngati kutitimira mu chikhalidwe cha chisanadze nkhondo ... Pa fano wapadera wa Paris, zobwera moyo wa mwanaalirenji, ngati inertia, nkhani anagwiranso Remarque. "Arc de Triomphe" za kusasamala kwa anthu French. The fragility imeneyi ndi lodziwikiratu.

Ophiphiritsa pofotokoza likulu French ndi kusamalira pa owerenga nyumba awiri - Arc de Triomphe ndi manda a msirikali wosadziwika.

Pomaliza

Reader dera ali nkhope zambiri ... Ife tiri kwenikweni osiyana: osauka ndi olemera, wopambana ndi kuchita Jihadi kuti Mulungu alipo, powona dziko zamitundu yowala ndi losonyeza mu mithunzi ya imvi. Chotero kodi tili ndi ofanana?

Ndikufuna, mufunse funso ili, owerenga mwapeza yankho mu mabuku, kukumbukira zina zolemba ... Erih ndemanga, pokhala analandira individualistic, pafupifupi mabuku wake zonse, akatulukire kwa alimi anthu. Ndipo mtengo waukulu mu maganizo a wolemba, ayenera kukhala chikondi, ubwenzi, kukhulupirika, khalidwe labwino. Munthu amene ali ndi makhalidwe amenewa, zonse zimabweretsa kuwala mu dziko pang'ono limene akukhala.

Komabe, izi sikokwanira. Pakuti "pasipoti" (.. Ie nzika), malinga Remarque, amapatsa munthu yekhayo bwino - kufa ndi njala, "osati kukhala mothamanga." Choncho, m'pofunikanso kukhala katswiri mu ntchito osankhidwa.

makhalidwe onsewa ndi chibadidwe mabuku otchuka Remarque.