Potashi fetereza - ndichiyani? Species dzina, ntchito

Pamodzi ndi asafe ndi phosphorous, potaziyamu - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti chomera chilichonse chobiriwira, makamaka pankhani mbewu zipatso. Today tidzayesetsa kukuuzani fetereza potaziyamu: icho chiri, mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito ndi zimene zotsatira zimatheka. Komanso kusiyanitsa mitundu yaikulu kuvala izi zimapezeka pa masitolo.

Chifukwa potashi chomera

Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa kudyetsa malowo wanu ndi organic (manyowa mu malo oyamba). Izi waukulu kuswana pansi, koma tiyenera kukumbukira kufunika mchere wa m'nthaka. Apa kwambiri wamba kukondera. Ntchito urea ndi zina asafe, koma iwo kuyiwala za feteleza zofunika kwambiri potaziyamu. Kodi ndi chiyani? Choyamba zinthu zonsezi yodziwika kuti madzi sungunuka ndipo n'zofunika kwambiri kwa zomera kukula pa zosiyanasiyana dothi. Iwo ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi malo lolemera dongo, ndipo pa chernozem ndi dothi mchenga. Potaziyamu m'pofunika zomera, chifukwa amathandiza kayendedwe ka dzuwa mu zimakhala ndi. Pa dzanja limodzi, timatha mbewu zipatso kudya bwinobwino, koma ena - amapereka mapangidwe zokoma shuga zipatso. Mwenechiroache mundu aliyense angakuuzeni kuti mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri ndi potaziyamu fetereza. Kodi izo ndi zimene mitundu ya Mavalidwe ndi tikambirana mbali ya nkhani yathu. Ndi chifukwa cha kumayambiriro yake nthaka, tikhoza kwambiri kuonjezera chomera kukaniza matenda osiyanasiyana, chisanu ndi chilala.

Zizindikiro za akusowa potaziyamu

Choncho tinaganiza kuti kwenikweni ayenera kupanga potashi nthaka. "Ndi chiyani?" - akufunsa nyakulima novice. Tikambirana pansipa, koma tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zimene zinachititsa ngati pakufunika. Pamene alimi otsimikizira, ndi mchere wofunikira, amene n'kofunika kuti chitukuko zonse za zomera. Komabe, zikuoneka chosowa nthawi yomweyo. Ndi pakati pa nyengo kukula izo Tingaone kuti chikhalidwe ali iri yochepetsetsa bluish ndi kutha ambiri. Ngati akusowa potaziyamu ndi kukuonekera, mawanga bulauni kuonekera. Ngati potaziyamu ndi m'nthaka, koma zedi osakwanira, zomera pachimake kwambiri zambiri oyenerera, ndiyeno kupanga zipatso ang'ono.

The mitundu ikuluikulu fetereza

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana feteleza amenewa anawagawa m'magulu atatu lalikulu.

Ambiri otchuka pa ulimi - limafotokoza pogwiritsa ntchito siriyo processing wa potashi miyala. mankhwala enaake Izi ndi sulphate potassium potaziyamu-mankhwala enaake a maganizo, sulphate mankhwala enaake a potaziyamu.

The chachiwiri lalikulu gulu - potashi ili yayiwisi, mwachitsanzo milled miyala zachilengedwe potaziyamu. Izi kainite ndi sylvinite wolemera chakupha chlorine zosafunika.

Pomaliza, gulu lachitatu - ichi salt potassium amene anawakonzera kuyanjana ndi zopanda ndi mchere kuikapo maganizo potaziyamu.

Momwe potashi

Kupanga feteleza potashi ikuchitika Canada, Russia ndi Belarus. Ndi m'mayikowa ndi 85% ya madipoziti dziko la potashi miyala. Zotsatira miyala mochuluka monga momwe malasha. Development ndi lotseguka (ntchito) ndi chatsekedwa mtundu, pamene zothandiza kupita mu mgodi. Yopangidwa zopangira akulowa kupanga kumene wosweka ndi kuika mu mawonekedwe chomaliza chimene akudziwa kale ogula.

phulusa

Tiyeni tsopano kuyesetsa kuzindikira magwero chachikulu cha zinthu zina zothandiza monga feteleza potaziyamu. Kodi izo, ife mwachidule anafotokoza, koma kubwerera nkhaniyi mu njira ya nkhaniyo.

Ndipotu, potaziyamu chofunika m'munda wa pang'ono, kotero mu maonekedwe ake angwiro mu nthaka pafupifupi konse. Komabe, gwero labwino koposa la mchere imeneyi phulusa. Izi zosunthika, zotchipa komanso kwathunthu vuto lililonse zopangira analandira ndi moto nkhuni. Kuwonjezera potassium lili phosphorous pang'ono ndi calcium, komanso ena ambiri kufufuza zinthu. Chiwerengero zili potaziyamu zimadalira mitundu ya mitengo ndi ranges combusted 7 40%. Feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu malo oyamba ayenera kukhala mu dothi acidic. Choncho kilogalamu imodzi phulusa mosavuta m'malo 500 ga laimu kapena choko. Iwo akhala akugwira mbewu zonse horticultural, koma ngati fetereza muli ndi pang'ono, ndiye woyamba wa zonse m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nkhaka, sikwashi, maungu ndi tomato, tsabola ndi mbatata.

mankhwala enaake potaziyamu

Koyamba - kwathunthu zosafunika kwa feteleza zomera mankhwala. Mu kapangidwe kake lili pafupifupi 60% ya potaziyamu zothandiza ndi chlorine chodetsa, poizoni kwambiri ndi zoipa kwa zomera. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kukhutitsa nthaka ndi potaziyamu ndi dzanja si kanthu, nyakulima Amachita zinthu pasadakhale. Zipatso ndi mabulosi mbewu sangakhoze kulekerera chlorine, ngakhale zipatso ambiri amatsatira fetereza potaziyamu.

Mofananamo, munthu ndi potaziyamu mchere. Lili 30-40% ya potaziyamu ndi Selwyn. Ndi bwino kuti basi pamaso yozizira, basi isanafike kukumba. Komabe, chotero kuvala feteleza potashi zoipa kwa mbewu mabulosi ali tcheru kwambiri Mankhwala oipitsa poizoni. Pachifukwa ichi, kupanga potaziyamu mchere mu maluwa bedi alipo ali osavomerezeka.

sulphate potaziyamu

, Imatchedwanso pansi pa dzina la sulphate potaziyamu. feteleza potashi nthawi zambiri zopanda chilungamo anamuiwala wamaluwa, ngakhale ntchito zawo kusamala akhoza kwambiri kuwongolera zokolola. Mmene sulphate potaziyamu ndi yabwino m'dera lanu wakunja kwatawuni. Wa potashi zonse yekha kuti lilibe chlorine zosafunika wonunkha, sodium ndi magnesium. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthaka mu kugwa ndi masika, pamene analola kusakaniza ndi fetereza ina. Komabe, kuchuluka izo ayenera kuchita masamu padera nthawi iliyonse. Pakuti mfundo oyamba kukumba akhoza kutenga 30 ga pa 1 mita ^2, ndipo ngati sulphate potaziyamu ntchito kudyetsa mizu, kuchuluka ayenera kusanduka 5 ga pa mamita ^2.

Potaziyamu sulphate - feteleza kuti ndi abwino kwa nthaka poyera ndi chatsekedwa. Pambuyo ntchito kawirikawiri a horticulturists kuti wakula zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso kwambiri kuchuluka zili dzuwa ndi mavitamini. Pankhaniyi, zomera sakhala atengeke matenda osiyanasiyana, kangapo yafupika kuchuluka chiwonongeko cha mankhwala yomalizidwa botrytis.

chitetezo yozizira

Pali mfundo ina yofunika, lomwe limafotokoza kufunika kwa ntchito fetereza m'dera munda. Limatipatsa osatha chitsamba chilichonse wolemera yozizira. Ndiko kuti, manyowa mu chaka cha mbewu zipatso ndi zipatso, dziwani kuti iwo adzapulumuka ozizira aakulu. Makamaka amakonda sulphate potaziyamu oimira cruciferous. Iwo zoipa anatani chlorine, omwe ali mbali ya potashi feteleza tatchulazi, moti yekha yotheka njira za kabichi, turnips ndi Palestina ankalima.

feteleza zovuta

Pa magwero yaukhondo wa potaziyamu pafupifupi ikutha. Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa maofesi otchuka, monga potaziyamu. Ndipo woyamba pa uchimo ndi tandem potaziyamu ndi asafe. Malinga ndi alimi, ndi kuphatikiza wangwiro zomera kwambiri m'munda. anthu ambiri kudziwa pansi pa dzina la nitrate potaziyamu. ntchito zipangitsa mkulu zokolola m'munda wa ake. Ndipo akhoza kubwera imathandiza nthawi yotentha. Zovuta - potaziyamu (44%) ndi asafe (13%). Kusakaniza angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale pambuyo mbewu ali bloomed, ndipo anapanga Mphukira a. Choncho pang'ono asafe kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe osati kunathandiza kukula kwa misa wobiriwira. Ndiko kuti, zomera adzapitiriza kugwira yaikulu, mwachitsanzo. E. The mapangidwe zipatso, osati kumanga tchire zobiriwira. Ntchito ofunika kusewera pa nthawi ino, ndipo potaziyamu. Chosavuta panthawi imeneyi, iye maziko mbewu m'tsogolo zipatso ndi zipatso zidzatithandiza kupeza palatability kwambiri.

Mbewu zina horticultural ntchito nitrate potaziyamu? Kugwiritsa kuti kusonyeza kwambiri wolungama mbewu kudya mizu (kaloti ndi Beets) ndi mbewu zipatso. Iwo amalabadira feteleza ili ndi tomato. Ndinasintha bwino osati kuchuluka komanso khalidwe la zipatso, lalikulu, ndi nyama ya - shuga. Koma mbatata izo sizidzakhala zogwira mtima, chifukwa iye ndi wofunika kwambiri kuposa phosphorous. N'chinthu chanzeru pang'ono kuti saltpeter kwa amadyera, radish ndi kabichi.

Izi akhoza kupanga feteleza mu mawonekedwe youma ndi madzi. Komabe, yankho ntchito mofulumira, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kupasuka magalamu 15-25 pa malita 10 a madzi ndi manyowa nthaka pa mlingo wa 1 lita imodzi pa mamita ^2. M'nthawi ya chilimwe muyenera osachepera awiri koma zosaposa anayi feteleza potashi. Popeza kudya womaliza asanafe kutukula mbewu ayenera kukhala masabata osachepera 3-4.

Potaziyamu-mankhwala enaake a

Izi amakonda kuvala alimi mbatata. Monga mbali ya feteleza ophatikizana potaziyamu ichi ndi magnesium. Ichi ndi mtengo wake waukulu, monga mu nyengo ya kukula yogwira zomera akufunikira zinthu ziwirizi ndi mkulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo kukwaniritsa ake mwa kuyambitsa organics zambiri amalephera. Kutanthauza chiphunzitso, manyowa, humus kapena kompositi ayenera kwathunthu kupereka chomera ndi zofunikira zonse. Koma, ikusonyeza kumapeto, mu awo chiŵerengero sanali mulingo woyenera kwambiri potaziyamu ndi zakudya zina.

nitrophoska

feteleza asafe-potaziyamu - ichi ndi kusankha wangwiro nthaka ndi owonjezera phosphorous. Ndi njira yangwiro kwa zamalata mwamsanga kupeza yokolola mbewu horticultural. Chifukwa cha oyamba yake fetereza kumachitika maluwa, chitukuko, mapangidwe ndi kusasitsa wa zipatso. Pankhaniyi, ku munda si kugula formulations zovuta ndi mtengo. Nitrophosphate tingagwiritse ntchito mbeu horticultural, koma kuchuluka zingasiyane malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha nthaka ndi kudyetsa zomera.

NPK

Ife kutchulidwa pafupifupi onse akuluakulu potashi fetereza. maina awo odziwika makina zaulimi, zimene siziri choncho wamaluwa woyamba. Choyamba tinakambirana kodi mungachite kuti rekodi-adyetseni (potaziyamu mu mawonekedwe woyera). Komabe, ndi bwino zomera pamene iwo chabe ya mchere kutero. Choncho kulabadira fetereza asafe-phosphorous-potaziyamu. Kulandira ndi kuchepekedwa pa chimodzi cha zinthu izi, mbewu sadzakhala wabwino kubala zipatso. Choncho, nazo nkhokwe yanu n'kofunika aliyense nyakulima. Monga mbali ya feteleza lamavutoli lili 17% asafe, 24% phosphorous ndi 28% potaziyamu. tanthauzo lake ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa mitundu yonse ya mbewu horticultural. zotsatira makamaka wabwino fetereza asafe-phosphorous-potaziyamu pa tomato. Iwo sakhala odwala nkhanambo, muzu ndi mapulaniwo zowola, Phytophthora. Anawadyetsa zosaposa kawiri pa nyengo lonse. zimakupiza ina yaikulu ya fetereza ichi - mphesa. Izi wokhalamo kum'mwera ndi iwowo ndithu kumabweretsa yozizira chapakati Russia, ngati inu amalandira ndi kuvala zimenezi. Ikani fetereza ndi kupambana kwakukulu mu iliyonse nthaka. Komabe, ndi bwino kusonyeza padziko lapansi wakuda ndi aluminiyamu.

kuti adzimvera

Choncho, tinganene kuti umuna mchere - ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa nyengo ya chilimwe. Ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka akadakwanitsira wa potaziyamu m'nthaka, mukhoza kwambiri kuonjezera zokolola, kuteteza chikhalidwe cha matenda bakiteriya, komanso kuonetsetsa kupulumuka wabwino wa mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba mu ozizira yozizira. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma amakhudza khalidwe la chipatso. The mulingo woyenera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mchere limapereka zipatso lalikulu, wokoma ndi zokoma zimene mwangwiro kusungidwa osati atengeke kuvunda. Koma ndi ofunika kuphatikiza ndi fetereza ndi mzake. Abwino zovuta akuti ndi patatu - phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi asafe. Izi atatu zazikulu adzatembenuza malo anu mu munda weniweni wa zodabwitsa.