Polemba chinenero Old Russian mabuku

Old Russian mabuku limachokera ku nthawi za Kievan Lazaro. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu izo wopyoza magawo angapo a chitukuko. The choyamba - ndi zikamera ndi maluwa a mabuku a Kievan Lazaro. nkhani pa malo a nthano za Asilavo, ndi zikhulupiriro zongomva pakamwa pa anthu ndi kuphunzira (pambuyo kumayambiriro Christianity) zinachitikira zolembalemba wa Byzantium ndi Bulgaria.

Tsopano tili mitundu iwiri ya zipilala mabuku Old Russian: choyambirira ndipo ankamasulira. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity, pomanga makachisi ndi kukhazikitsa sukulu chawonjezeka kufunika kwa Mkhristu mabuku mpingo, mabuku pemphero. Chifukwa cha mabuku amene anawamasulira ovomerezeka Church (Paterik, moyo, mabuku m'Baibulo etc.). mabuku Kumasulira anabwera Russia makamaka Byzantium. Izo kunja mu malo oyamba kuti kunali koyenera kuti ndi zimene chipembedzo watsopano. Ntchito osati amapezeka komanso kukopera ndi kuti ndi ntchito yawo zolembalemba anapitirizabe malo atsopano umoyo-mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe.

D. Likhachev ananena kuti Byzantium anasamukira kutali Mitundu yonse ya mabuku Old Russia. Ena ndiribe ngakhale pa nthaka wathu, ndi ena zinalengedwa mwatsopano, yekha. Ichi ndi chifukwa magawo osiyanasiyana a chitukuko cha anthu Byzantine ndi Old. Zimenezi zikugwira Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya ndakatulo, nkhani ndi iwo anali omasuliridwa conceptualized m'njira zinanso. Zinachitikira alakatuli woyamba Chibugariya sanazichite kupitiriza mu Russia. Ndi mmenenso zilili ndi miyambi. Mu Byzantium, anayamba kusonkhanitsa m'zaka za m'ma 12, ndipo gulu miyambi Russian linayamba m'zaka 17. Ndizoonekeratu pamenepa kuti n'zosatheka chilili Mitundu Old Russian mabuku dongosolo Byzantine mtundu wanyimbo. Poyambirira anali pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana.

The Mitundu yaikulu mabuku akale anapereka mbiri, "ziphunzitso" hagiographic ntchito (menology) wogwira-khalidwe prose.

Ambiri a iwo anali kufunika mu misonkhano. Mwakhama ntchito malemba m'Baibulo, lomasuliridwa ndi asayansi, ophunzitsa Cyril ndi Methodius ndi ana awo ndi Chigiriki. Ena Mitundu mabuku Old Russian anafuna wovuta moyo kumene kumakhala Amonke. lamulo ake wakhala ngakhale mwamseri kuwerenga, umene pakhala mitundu yambiri apadera, akhalamo.

Monga mbali ya Mitundu apanga mankhwala atsopano (Mwachitsanzo, miyoyo latsopano pang'onopang'ono ananyamuka mogwirizana ndi canonization cha oyera). Ena okha ena osiyanasiyana mankhwala, ndipo kumayambiriro atsopano sikuloledwa (Uthenga, Masalmo, Makalata a Atumwi). Koma ngakhale izi, ndipo iwo onse anali mbali atakwanitsa.

miyambo zochepa womangidwa anali otchedwa 'yakale' Mitundu ya mabuku Old Russia. Komabe, iwo sanali boma zili ndi cholinga chowerenga mu dziko. Iwo womangidwa kulambira (ngakhale analinso ndi mutu wa mpingo), kwa mphindi zenizeni mu moyo wa munthu angathe kuwerenga nthawi ina iliyonse, choncho analibe zizindikiro kuyeza kunja. Mitundu nazonso, anabwera kuchokera ku Bulgaria ndi Byzantium, monga olemba mbiri ( "The nthano za Kuwonongedwa kwa Yerusalemu," Iosifa Flaviya, "Devgenievo kuchita"), mbiri ndi achinyengowa. Yotsirizira sanali oyeretsedwa ndi mpingo ndipo analemba mutu wa Old ndi New Testament, zimene wodzilemekeza ndi kuyengedwa Baibulo. Ngwazi yotchuka kwambiri ya owonjezera atumwiwo Petro ndi Paulo, Eliya ndi Mose; Chitsanzo chimodzi chapadera cha ntchito imeneyi - "Kuyenda Virgin kudzera Gahena."

Kuyambira m'ma 12 Old Russian mabuku kale anafika mlingo wa chitukuko osati si chilili, koma nawonso anakopeka chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha mayiko a ku Balkan.