Pole m'chipinda chotetezeka: Technology, mbiri

Today masewera ambiri mofulumira kupeza kutchuka. Chitukuko cha umisiri akuthandiza anthu padziko lonse kutsatira mpikisano. Sport bwino thanzi, rejuvenates ndi kupereka maganizo abwino.

Amene makamu Mpikisano osiyanasiyana pa masewera othamanga, amene posachedwapa anatenga m'chipinda chotetezeka mtengo. Zikuoneka kuti othamanga kuwuluka mmwamba mu mlengalenga. Kumene, izi siziri choncho, koma njira mzati m'chipinda chotetezeka ndi kovuta.

Aliyense amakumbukira kwambiri Sergei Bubka nkhani ya ukhale kwa zaka zambiri. Pakati pa akazi, woona namatetule mzati m'chipinda chotetezeka Yelena Isinbayeva ndi amene kupindula mwa akatswiri ena ndipo samenya. Akabereka, iye anabwerera ku masewera.

Kodi inuyo kupanga yoyenera mzati m'chipinda chotetezeka? ndi mbiri ya mpira chidwi ndi wokongola chiyani? Zinali zovuta ndi m'chipinda chotetezeka mzati, amene makina akhala chinsinsi kwa anthu ambiri?

maonekedwe

Akuyendera bwanji ndi luso ochita kulumpha, muyenera disassemble mbiri ya masewera. More mu zaka zingapo BC. e. pa madyerero osiyanasiyana a achinyamata anachereza motere. Komabe, zinthu zimenezi wosayesedwa kulumpha. Only mu 1866 pa Mpikisano woyamba mu m'chipinda chotetezeka mzati kunachitika mu England. Pa nthawi imeneyo, wopambana Wohler omwe anagonjetsa chilemba cha 3 m. Mu 1896, mzati m'chipinda chotetezeka zinalembedwa mu pulogalamuyi Olympic, ndi American m'banja la Zera m'chaka chomwecho anafika zotsatira 3,30 m, ndi mbiri latsopano. Siteji yotsatira ya chitukuko masewera wadutsa mkubwela kwa mtengo nsungwi. Chomera ali ndi makhalidwe abwino, mwachitsanzo, ndi bwino kasupe kukakamiza othamanga ndi kukwera m'mwamba kwambiri. Mu 1908, Wright anapambana chilemba cha 4 mamita chifukwa Mpandawo unali mbiri 402 cm.. Izi umboni kwa akudumpha ndi mtengo yotani, koma posakhalitsa.

chitukuko

A Kuwonjezera latsopano anali kugwiritsa ntchito maenje wapadera. Izo sizinali kusintha masewera, koma zachititsa kuti kukhazikitsidwa kulembamo latsopano. Mu 1924, malamulo anathandizidwa ntchito bokosi yakucemerwa, amene amachita ntchito mofanana recess lapansi. Bamboo mzati ndi opareshoni mpaka 1945. M'malo iye sanapezeke, kotero umboni wa mamita 4,77 unachitikira kwa zaka 15, kenako kukhazikitsa Gitovski bwino chifukwa ndi 1 cm mu 1957. Patangotha zaka 3 Bragg anati anapambana chilemba cha 4,80 m.

Mu Soviet Union mu zaka unawonongedwa ndi chitukuko cha masewera onse, anali nazonso ndipo m'chipinda chotetezeka mtengo. Photo mbiri anapulumuka ndi zithunzi mwa akatswiri amakono mukhoza kuona pansipa nkhaniyi.

The kutsogolera pafupi ndi chitukuko cha masewerawo anali oyamba zake fiberglass, amene zinasinthiratu amalumpha. Iwo anali mbandakucha kwambiri ndi zambiri ndinapirira, nsungwi zambiri anathyola ndi akatswiri anavulala. Komanso anayamba kuoneka, mphasa thovu, zomwe zili ndi malo touchdown a. Komanso wotetezedwa mpikisano wa. Kale mu 1963, Sternberg kugonjetsa chizindikiro cha 5 m. Pomaliza, Sergei Bubka anapambana chizindikiro zisanu ndi mita ndi mphambu wa masentimita 614.

akazi

mpira sanali yekha wamwamuna. Pole m'chipinda chotetezeka popanda vuto akhoza kupanga ndi mkazi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kugonana fairer nawo mpikisano mu 1919. Behrens anapambana chizindikiro German wa 2 m. Pambuyo pa masewera wabwera yoletsedwa, ndipo anayambiranso malamulo okha mu 80s.

A nthano woona mu m'chipinda chotetezeka mtengo kwa akazi ndi Yelena Isinbayeva, amene anapereka timva monga mmene nthawi 9. Kupambana posachedwapa - kugonjetsa chizindikiro chake 5 mamita Zotsatira -. 501 cm.

mafotokozedwe

Chotero izo zimene ngati mzati m'chipinda chotetezeka? Kodi kufotokoza mtundu uwu masewera? Kupanga kulumpha osati muyenera kudumpha bwino, komanso kuthamanga ndi kudzikweza mzati bwino. Kuyambira wothamanga wofunika kupirira, kusinthasintha ndi see. Pole m'chipinda chotetezeka kumanja zimavuta kwambiri mawu luso mwa masewera onse amene ankaimira pa masewera othamanga.

Choncho, waluso njira ya kudumpha chiri motere:

• kuthamanga ndipo wakhala mzati mu abutment;
• repulsion;
• ndege popanda thandizo chifukwa kukankhira kudzera akonzedwa bala;
• ankafika pa mphasa.

akuthamanga chiyambi

Ichi ndi gawo loyamba la ntchito yake ya mtengo m'chipinda chotetezeka. Thamanga amatenga malo pa mtunda wa pafupi 35-40 mamita, malingana ndi makonda enieni wochita mpikisano. M'pofunikanso kuchita mogwirizana ndi malamulo unakhazikitsidwa. Nkofunika kuthamanga pa liwiro akadakwanitsira, chifukwa adzakupatsani Kankhani wabwino. Kukwaniritsa mothamanga ayenera kulankhula ndi chidwi kwambiri. Mzati amafunikanso kugwira mu manja awo njira inayake. Iye ayenera kukhala omasuka ndipo nthawi yomweyo kwathunthu olamulidwa ndi maseŵero. Kuthamanga si chifukwa kugwedera. Ngati mukhala mzati ayenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa.

1. Posungira limapezeka pa mlingo m'chiuno.
2. Dzanja lamanzere (ngati lumpha mwendo likufanana mbali iyi) ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa mtengo. nsinga ndi kumathandizanso. chala choyamba asungike m'munsimu ena - pamwamba. Ngati dzanja lamanja kumatanthauza, m'pofunika kuti atenge malo zosiyana.
3. Mbali ya chitunda cha mtengo poyerekeza ndi pansi - kufunika mwangwiro munthu aliyense wothamanga. Komabe, nthawi zambiri sichidziwika kuposa madigiri 70.
4. Kutalika kwa nsinga chimadaliranso munthu zenizeni ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. The apamwamba chivomerezocho cha wochita mpikisano wapatali ndi.
5. Distance pakati pa manja akuluakulu mpaka masentimita 70. Mu ana, pa zifukwa zoonekeratu, ndi zochepa.
6. mlingo wa pafupifupi 10 m / s akatswiri. Iwo amalola kuti khalidwe repulsion. Pa nthawi ya masitepe otsiriza basi kukankhira maphunziro. Chigongono apuma pa mtengo, amene outputted patsogolo.

kukonzekera Direct imagwiridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Onse kachiwiri zimadalira ntchito ndi zokonda aliyense wothamanga.

1. Pole linanena bungwe patsogolo pa mapazi 3.
2. Pa 5-4 nthawi zambiri akutsika pa mbali madigiri 70 mpaka 25.
3. Ndiye mogwirizana 3, mtengo wayikidwa kusiya.

M'pofunika synchronously kugwira kayendedwe pamwamba, kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira bwino. Ndi gulu akatswiri mwa akatswiri amanoledwa kuti automaticity, lomwe limafotokoza zotsatira zawo phenomenal.

Nsonga ndi mafotokozedwe

Pa kumasulira mtengo kutsogolo, kutsogolo kwa pachifuwa, ntchito yaikulu anachita ndi dzanja lamanja. Iye ali mu njira yachitatu ndi chimachititsanso yoyenera phazi umodzi. Pa sitepe yachiwiri yemweyo nthambi burashi ayenera kukhala kale mu malo pafupi ndi phewa ndi chibwano. Pambuyo phazi kumafuna kukamba za malo a m'chiuno ndi phewa olamulira ayenera kukhala kufanana kwa wina ndi mzake. zofunika mzere imene gululi chikuchitika, izo ziyenera kukhala perpendicular kwa iwo. Bwino ntchito m'chipinda chotetezeka mtengo, mzati kutalika zizigwirizana ndi kulemera kwa wochita mpikisano. Mwachitsanzo, kwa 80 makilogalamu anthu ndi abwino abwino projectile kukula kwa 4.9 m.

mfundo zofunika

Pamodzi ndi kasinthasintha wa dzanja lamanja ayenera mmalo mzati kumanzere chigongono. Izi ndi zofunika kuti apange ophunzira Kankhani. Palinso zofunika synchronicity ndi kukhazikitsa olondola kanthu. Repulsion amapezeka mwachindunji kupyolera funde la manja ku miyendo chifuwa ndi lunges ziwalo, amene amapereka thupi ndi mathamangitsidwe kwambiri kupanga kulumpha. Centrifugal mwendo ayenera ngati kugunda dzanja lamanzere cha wochita mpikisano. Ndi mu njira iyi ntchito ndi akatswiri. tsenga Little amalola kuti tidziwe zonse liwiro angathe jumper.

repulsion

Izi kwambiri mofulumira gawo zikuchitidwa ndi othamanga pa mlingo dera. Repulsion amapezeka mwachindunji pa miyendo inching naonekera pa thandizo. Pambuyo phazi kwathunthu kuchoka gawo nthaka atamaliza chimaposa kwa lotsatira. Zingaoneke kuti repulsion - gawo Chophweka a mzati m'chipinda chotetezeka, amene si kofunika. Komabe, siziri choncho. Ndi kuyamba, ndi kutalika kwa "ndege" zimatengera. Zimakhala bwino omwazika, kuti athe kuchita zinthu mlengalenga, koma izo sizigwira ntchito popanda repulsion. Pole m'chipinda chotetezeka popanda m'mwamba manja ake. Koma dzanja pogwiritsa ntchito ina: amaoneka kudalira mzati ndi kuponyera mmwamba ndi katswiri. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti zipolopolo masiku ano yokhota kumapeto kwa mita, more "lakale" monga zingathe siinali lopezeka ku othamanga. Pamene m'chipinda chotetezeka mzati, luso chimachititsa kwambiri.

Kuti mukonze zinthu ndi kupeza chifukwa bwino, m'pofunika kusamutsa thupi malo choimirira. Koposa zonse, limagwirira kuyenda ndi lofanana ndi kulumpha yaitali, kupatulapo ntchito ya manja. Kugwedezeka m'pofunika kuti zosakwana masewerawo pamwamba ndi mafupa a chiuno ndi chifuwa ayenera mukufuna kupita chitsogolo. Kuthamanga mwendo pambuyo kuwongola makina pa mtengo perpendicular ku dzanja lamanja imakoka chipolopolo pansi ndi kumanzere apuma pa iye ndi ukupita mmwamba. Choncho, pali magulu awiri anatilangizira madera osiyana, ndipo kumathandiza chifukwa bwino, chifukwa ataweramuka wa mtengo.

kuphedwa yake

Pin zimachokeradi, kuyambira projectile ali elasticity lalikulu. Komanso zingamvekere komanso musculo-ligamentous zida wa munthu. Pambuyo kuti chagona pa vaulter mtengo. Nkofunika kutsatira mfundo zimene zili m'munsizi. Kugwedeza mwendo ngodya ayenera kukhala mozungulira 60 madigiri, ndi repulsion - 76. Ndi Dziwani mphamvu kuti mwachindunji ndi kulikankhira wothamanga. Ofukula Akatswiri kutsegula - makilogalamu 600, yopingasa - makilogalamu 200. Komabe, pamene akukankha mfundo izi achepetsa, magulu nawo anthu anatola, kawirikawiri 2-3 zosakwana pamwamba. Koma ndizo kwambiri, diver ayenera lalikulu mitengo mphamvu asungidwe pa mtengo. Choncho, amuna ndi kusonyeza zotsatira zabwino.

kubala membala

siteji yotsatira lidzayamba pambuyo pa ntchito repulsion. Mbali akuthandiza wa kulumpha ayenera kuchitidwa pa mlingo wapamwamba, mwinamwake iyende kudzakhala kovuta. Iyenso, lagawidwa magawo angapo, ndicho kupachikidwa, kugwedezeka, thupi kutambasuka, kukokera mmwamba ndipo kanikizirani akuluakulu.

aphedwe

Pambuyo repulsion wothamanga atapachikidwa pamtengo, amene amaponyera izo. Amene ntchito kuchimwa ka projectile ndi, vis anachita pa dzanja lake lamanja. Pankhaniyi, olamulira a mapewa ndi mafupa a chiuno ndi anapanduka kwa nthambi zosiyana. Choncho, mtundu uwu wa ntchito amatchedwa "skew". Lero, wotchuka kwambiri kulumpha ndi kuchimwa lalikulu la mtengo, phindu la chuma projectile chololera. Njira zambiri zovuta mu kuphedwa chifukwa mavuto luso, koma akudumpha ndi mtengo otukuka, ndipo m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito luso kutsogolera.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zitasintha mtengo ku mbali ya kudzanja lamanzere pa Visa kumawonjezera mwayi wa kugwa, chifukwa imfa ya bwino. Choncho, kufunika kusuntha pang'onopang'ono mu vis mkono lolingana, umene kuchepetsa mwayi kuvulazidwa chifukwa dongosolo okhwima. Zithandizanso kuyesetsa anachita wothamanga minofu ndi kusuntha thupi pamalo mozondoka. M'pofunika dumphirani kapamwamba. Ndi ofunika kuonjezera kuchimwa nthawi yomweyo kusiya mwendo amachita Kankhani kuchokera kumbuyo, ndi kutambasula minofu ya pamwamba thupi. Centrifugal mwendo chikugwirizana ndi lumpha, ndi mafupa a chiuno, nayenso ali pafupi ndi mtengo. Pambuyo minofu zimene anatambasula kale, kukankha thupi. Zotani kugwedezeka miyendo. Ndiye beseni ndi pafupi dzanja.

Chidwi masewera - mzati m'chipinda chotetezeka. Ndi zovuta njira ali pamodzi ndi kukongola kayendedwe ka thupi.

gawo kumapeto

Pole kudzatha, potero kupereka wothamanga mphamvu kuti khama kuchita kulumpha. Pambuyo kukoka thupi, kaya ikutha ndi kulembetsa wa mapewa ndi manja nsinga. Kenako akuyamba Kankhani, kuti lifanane ndi mzati zonse magetsi. Kwambiri zovuta kawetedwe mu madera osiyana kuti akhale miyendo. Dzanja lamanzere amapanga mafupa a chiuno unkagunda mtengo pamene zochita zonse anafotokoza, kumathandizanso thupi atembenuza za nguli. Ndiye manja ake pa mzati ndi kuthawira akuyamba. Pa nthawi iyi, diver anapita kapamwamba.

Zamijaha (mzati m'chipinda chotetezeka m'gulu) kumafuna khama ndi mphamvu, ndi zida zolimbitsa thupi ndi yovuta kwambiri. Pamafunika nthawi ndi wowawa kulimbitsa thupi kuti munthu anakhoza iyende.

Mbali yomaliza

Flight njira ina coasting, kuti ndi kupita m'tsogolo kupita m'tsogolo. Kamodzi thupi kufika pamlingo trims, ndi diver Azibweretsa miyendo izo, kuti akuthandiza kugonjetsa chopinga yokha. Kukonzekera kwa ndegeyo. Today, gawo ili la njira ya kufunika aang'ono, chifukwa wochita mpikisano kutsimikiza mphasa. Poyamba, izo zimayenera kumtunda mu dzenje ndi mchenga ndi utuchi.

Lero ndi otchuka kwambiri mzati m'chipinda chotetezeka. Lembani anapereka Sergeem Bubkoy, anali kwa nthawi yaitali, koma othamanga latsopano ndimalota kum'menya.

Makolo kutumiza ana awo kudumpha gawo. Kumeneko, ana awo osati iyende ena, komanso kupititsa patsogolo thanzi lawo komanso mtundu uliwonse zamijaha kumafuna khama ndiponso kuphunzira mwakhama.