Polakwitsalakwitsa: ubwino ndi kuipa

Anthu anayambitsa angapo zaka zikwi zapitazo. Ndipo pa nthawi iyi zonse nthawi zonse ikusintha. The zifukwa nthawizonse wakhala kwambiri, koma popanda luso la munthu si zotheka. Polakwitsalakwitsa wakhala ndi panopa mmodzi wa waukulu.

Kufotokozera za njira

Bwino olembedwa mu mbiri yakale njira ndi yaing'ono. Koma, ngakhale, tiyenera mwapadera.

Polakwitsalakwitsa - njira imene njira zimatheka ndi kusankha options bola chifukwa si kodi (mwachitsanzo, mu masamu) kapena zovomerezeka (pa kupeka njira yatsopano mu sayansi).

Mankind wakhala nawo njira imeneyi. Ziri zaka zapitazo, akatswiri a maganizo tayesera kupeza ofala kwambiri kwa anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi cognition. Ndipo iwo anapambana. Munthu amene akuyang'ana yankho kovuta, anakakamizika kusankha options kuyetsa ndi kuyang'ana zotsatira zake. Chimakhala ngati palibe vumbulutso libwera pa nkhaniyi. The experimenter amapita ku gawo lina la kuganiza nkhani imeneyi.

Njira mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi

Mmodzi wa anthu otchuka amene anagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi anali Edison. Aliyense akudziwa wake mbiri babu Kutulukira. Iye ayesa mpaka pamenepo sichinafikebe. Koma Edison angwiro njira imeneyi. Pamene kufunafuna njira, anagawana ntchito pakati pa anthu amene anagwira ntchito kwa iye. Choncho, nkhani kukalandira kwambiri kuposa ntchito ya munthu mmodzi. Ndipo pa maziko a polakwitsalakwitsa deta ndi wopambana kwambiri zinthu Edison a. Zikomo kuti munthu uyu anali mabungwe kafukufuku amene ntchito, makamaka, ndi njira iyi.

digiri ya mavuto

Mu njira imeneyi, pali milingo angapo movutikira. Iwo anali kugawidwa kwa mayamwidwe bwino. Ntchito mlingo woyamba imatengedwa kophweka, ndi kufunafuna njira zake khama ena mphamvu. Koma mayankho iye alibe kwambiri. Ndi kukula digiri ya mavuto ukuwonjezeka ndi zovuta kwa ntchitoyo. Polakwitsalakwitsa Maphunziro 5 - kwambiri Osamva ndi nthawi yambiri.

M'pofunika kukumbukira kuti ndi amaika cha kapangidwe ndi kukula kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso wogwidwa ndi munthu. Kumvetsetsa zimene uli pangozi, ganizirani njira ya. Kuchuluka yoyamba ndi yachiwiri kulola woyamba kusintha izo. Mu gawo lotsiriza la Kuvuta analenga mankhwala watsopano.

Mwachitsanzo, choncho pamene achinyamata nkhani ya nkhani yolembedwa anatenga mavuto Osamva mpweya navigation. Ophunzira analibe kuphunzira asayansi ambiri amene agwira ntchito m'dera lino, koma chifukwa zosiyanasiyana za lonse la chidziwitso ana muyenera kupeza yankho. Ndi dera njira izo zinaliri mu kutali sayansi Confectionery malonda. Zingatanthauze kuti zimenezi n'zosatheka, koma ndi zoona. Achinyamata ngakhale chikalata chosonyeza kukopera kwa Kutulukira awo.

Ubwino wa njira

Ubwino woyamba angayenerere kuonedwa kulenga. ndi polakwitsalakwitsa, vutoli anathana kulola ntchito hemispheres onse a ubongo kufufuza mayankho.

Iwo ayenera kupereka chitsanzo cha momwe kumanga bwato. Zafukulidwa amasonyeza bwanji zaka zambiri, chigawo ndi chigawo amasintha mawonekedwe. Akatswiri amangofuna zinthu zatsopano. Ngati bwato Amira, ndiye anawoloka kunja mawonekedwe ngati anakhalabe tiwolokere, ndiye amaona zimenezi. Choncho, kukondera njira anapezeka pa mapeto.

Ngati amaika ntchito si zovuta kwambiri, njira zimatenga nthawi pang'ono. Ena mavuto akutulukira akhoza kukhala mitundu khumi, mmodzi kapena awiri amene ali olondola. Koma tikawonetsetsa ndi kulingalira mozama Mwachitsanzo, Makina, mu nkhani iyi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina za kufufuza akhoza litenge kwa zaka zambiri ndipo adzabweretsa mamiliyoni options.

Kudulidwa kwa ntchito m'magawo angapo kuonanso mmene kudya ndipo akhoza kuimira kufunafuna njira. Izi amachepetsa nthawi chisankho. Ndipo njira polakwitsalakwitsa angagwiritsidwe ntchito limodzi ndi ntchito zina pa zovuta lapansi.

zofooka

Ndi chitukuko cha luso ndi sayansi, njira imeneyi anayamba kutaya kutchuka kwake.

M'madera ena chabe zopanda nzeru kulenga zikwi zitsanzo, kusintha chinthu china. Nthawi zambiri tsopano ntchito njira zina zochokera nzeru yeniyeni. Kuti izi anali kuphunzira chikhalidwe cha zinthu, mogwirizana kwa zinthu ndi mzake. Zitsulo ntchito masamu ndi maphunziro sayansi, zatsopano ndi zokumana nazo za m'mbuyomu.

Polakwitsalakwitsa akadali ntchito kwambiri pa ntchito. Koma kumanga galimoto m'njira kale zikuoneka mopusa ndi wosayenera. Kotero tsopano, mu boma lino la chitukuko, m'pofunika mu sayansi yolondola kwambiri gawo ntchito njira zina.

Nthawi zambiri, pamene kuganizira mmene vutoli likhonza kuyimira zinthu zambiri zazing'ono kwambiri ndi chiyani kuganizira zinthu zofunika ndi zolemba. Mwachitsanzo, anayambitsa penicillin (mankhwala) ankanena kuti ndi njira yoyenera akhoza kuyambitsa mankhwala a zaka makumi awiri pamaso pake. Ichi chikanapha chinathandiza chipulumutso cha miyoyo yosawerengeka.

Pamene mavuto zovuta zambiri ndi imeneyi funsolo ndi mu dera limodzi la ukatswiri, ndipo njira yake - chosiyana.

Osati nthawi zonse ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti yankho adzapezeka pa onse.

Author njira kuyeserera kangapo

Chimodzimodzi amene anatulukira njira iyi a chidziwitso, sitingathe kudziwa. More ndendende, tikudziwa kuti ichi chinali bwino munthu aluso amene ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi mtima wofuna kusintha miyoyo yawo.

Kale, anthu akhala ndithu okha pa zinthu zambiri. Iwo invents zonse mwa njira imeneyi. Pali sanali kudziwa kulikonse zikuluzikulu za sayansi, masamu, umagwirira ndi sayansi zina zofunika. Kotero iwo anali kuchita zinthu mwachisawawa. Chimodzimodzi yotengedwa moto kudziteteza kwa adani, kuphika ndi kutentha nyumba. Zida chakudya, maboti - ndi kayendedwe pa mitsinje. Iwo kupangidwa mu kukumana anthu movutikira. Koma nthawi iliyonse vuto solvable kutsogozedwa ndi muyezo bwino moyo.

Amadziwika kuti akatswiri ambiri akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi m'mabuku ake.

Komabe, ikulongosola za njira ndi ntchito yogwira timaona Thorndike physiologist kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.

kafukufuku Thorndike

Chitsanzo cha njira polakwitsalakwitsa tinganene kuti ntchito za sayansi wasayansi-physiologist. Ankasewera zatsopano zosiyanasiyana khalidwe ndi nyama, kuwayika iwo mu mabokosi wapadera.

Mmodzi wa zatsopano anayang'ana pafupifupi motere. Cat aikidwa m'bokosi akufunafuna njira. Bokosi yokha atha asankhe kutsegula 1: inu munali alemba pa kasupe - ndipo chitseko chinakankhika lotseguka. Chinyama ntchito pochita ambiri (otchedwa zitsanzo), ndipo ambiri a iwo kunapezeka kuti zinalephereka. Cat anakhalabe mu bokosi. Koma patapita ya options nyama anatha alemba pa kasupe ndi kutuluka bokosi. Choncho, mphaka kulowa bokosi, ndi ndime ya zochitika nthawi kuloweza. Ndipo amasankha ku bokosi mu nthawi yaifupi.

Thorndike anatsimikizira kuti njira ndi zomveka, ndipo ngakhale zotsatira si liniya, koma ndi nthawi, kubwerezabwereza zochita zofanana, chigamulo zimangochitika yomweyo.

Kuthetsa mavuto kudzera polakwitsalakwitsa

Zitsanzo za ndondomeko imeneyi ambiri, koma ayenera ndikupatseni inu amodzi chidwi kwambiri.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri anakhala wotchuka mlengi wa injini kwa ndege Mikulin. Pa nthawi imeneyo, panali kuchuluka yaikulu n'zimene mpweya chifukwa magneto, mwachitsanzo mphanvu patapita nthawi ndege mbisoweka. Pakhala zatsopano zambiri ndi nkhambakamwa za chofunikacho, koma yankho anabwera zinthu mosayembekezereka.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Aleksandrovich ankakomana naye munthu pa msewu ndi diso lakuda. nthawi yafika kwa iye, ndi kuzindikira kuti munthu wopanda diso limodzi amaona kwambiri poipa. Iye anagawana inati ndi aviator Utochkin. Pamene anaika mu ndege ya magneto chachiwiri kwambiri utachepa chiwerengero cha n'zimene. Ndipo pamene Utochkin analipira nthawi iliyonse chionetsero ndege Mikulina mphoto ndalama.

Ntchito njira mu masamu

Nthawi zambiri kuyeserera njira zolakwa mu masamu ntchito m'masukulu njira kukhala ya kulingalira ndi afufuze njira kufufuza liwiro. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kumapangitsanso wophunzirapo kanthu ndi kupanga zinthu za masewera.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mabuku ntchito mawu akuti "kuthetsa aone kuti pali pambuyo polakwitsalakwitsa." Pankhaniyi m'pofunika kusankha njira ayankhe. Pamene anapeza yankho loyenera, iye basi anatsimikizira pafupifupi, ndiyo ikuchitika kuwerengetsera zofunika. Chifukwa, ife onetsetsani kuti ichi ndi chokhacho zolondola yankho.

Chitsanzo cha vuto othandiza

polakwitsalakwitsa njira mu masamu kalasi 5 (mu Mabaibulo lomaliza) umatchulidwatchulidwa. Pano pali chitsanzo.

Mufunsidwa zomwe zipani akhoza kukhala mu rectangle. Malinga m'dera (S) = masentimita 32, ndi wozungulira (P) = 24 cm.

Njira yothetsera vutoli: tiyerekeze kuti kutalika kwa mbali imodzi ndipo 4. Choncho kutalika kwa mbali ina ya chimodzimodzi.

Timachotsa aone kuti pali zotsatirazi:

24 - 4 - 4 = 16

16 akufufuta 2 = 8

8 cm - m'lifupi.

Kuunikira chilinganizo lalikulu. S = A * B = 8 4 = 32 masentimita. Monga tikuonera, chisankho cholondola. Mukhoza kuwerengera wozungulira. Ndi mawerengedwe, zotsatirazi mawerengedwe tsa = 2 * (A + B) = 2 * (4 + 8) = 24.

Mu masamu, yesero ndi zolakwa njira si nthawi zonse kwambiri kupeza njira zothetsera mavutowo. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo amatenga nthawi yochepa. Koma pa chitukuko cha maganizo, njira imeneyi akupezeka mu nkhokwe ya mphunzitsi aliyense.

Chiphunzitso cha katswiri Vuto Kuthetsa

njira TRIZ kuyeserera kangapo ndi chimodzi mwa inefficient kwambiri. Munthu umalowa mu vuto zachilendo kwa iye, kanthu mwachisawawa, angakhale ineffectual. Mukhoza kuwononga nthawi ndi chifukwa chiyani si bwino. Chiphunzitso cha Vuto katswiri Kuthetsa potengera malamulo odziwika ndi chotchuka ntchito njira zina cognition. TRIZ kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa maphunziro a ana, kupanga ndondomeko kusangalala ndi chidwi mwanayo.

anapezazo

M'nkhaniyi takambirana njira imeneyi, tingakhulupirire kuti ndi chidwi kwambiri. Ngakhale zolakwa zake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kuthetsa mavuto kulenga.

Komabe, sikuti kuwasamalira ankafuna. Never kafukufuku sakudziwa pamene kusiya kuyang'ana kapena izo zikhoza kukhala ofunika kupanga angapo khama ndipo chidali chifuniro kwambiri wabadwa. Ndi bwinobwino nthawi yaitali bwanji udzakhala.

Ngati inu kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi vuto, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti nthawi zina yankho akhale malo mosayembekezeka. Koma amalola kuyang'ana kufufuza tiyerekeze. Mungafunike muzilemba dazeni yofanana pang'ono, ndipo mwinanso zikwi. Koma khama ndi chikhulupiriro bwino zidzayambitsa mukufuna.

Nthawi zina njira imeneyi ntchito monga owonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, pa siteji koyamba kuti achepetse kufufuza. Kapena pamene kuphunzira zinachitikadi m'njira zambiri ndi kubwera amaima. Pankhaniyi, kulenga zikuluzikulu za njira amalola kupeza kukondera vutolo.

Polakwitsalakwitsa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa. Timatha ana mmene iwo kupeza njira munyengo zosiyanasiyana. Amaphunzitsa iwo kuloweza makhalidwe olondola amene analandira anthu.

Ojambula zithunzi ntchito njira imeneyi kufunafuna kudzoza.

njira ayenera kuyezedwa tsiku ndi tsiku pamene kuthetsa mabvuto. Mwina zinthu zina adzaoneka kwa inu m'njira yosiyana.