Painting - ndi chiyani ichi? Painting njira. chitukuko cha kupenta

Great, wasayansi ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano wojambula Leonardo da Vinci anati: "kupenta - ndi ndakatulo kuti chikuoneka, ndi ndakatulo - kupenta izi, zimene." Ndipo sangathe koma kugwirizana naye iye. Luso lenileni alidi kuzindikira kwathunthu. Tikuona ndi kuganizira ndi kumva, ndipo kukumbukira ife ankakonda zithunzi. A katswiri dziko kukhalabe m'chikumbumtima chathu kwa zaka zambiri.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya luso

Kujambula zithunzi, mfitiyo amachita izo mu mkhalidwe zina, khalidwe wapadera. mankhwala sakhala zonse, woyenera chikondi ndi chisamaliro, ngati mafanizidwe ndi mtundu adzakhala anasonyeza pa izo. chithunzicho ayenera kupereka moyo wa zinthu, anthu - wachikoka, ngati nthethe kungakhale chinsinsi, chikhalidwe - mtundu wa maganizo ndi zochitika - chochitika chenicheni. Ndipo mlengi zimenezi zimathandiza Mitundu ndi mitundu ya luso. Iwo amakulolani bwino kupereka maganizo a chi, zochitika, mfundo, ndi bwino kumvetsa waukulu lingaliro, image, malo.

Pakati waukulu Mitundu ya luso chabwino angatchedwe monga:

• M'mbiri - chithunzi mfundo, anafotokoza mbiri ya mayiko osiyana ndi Nthawi.
• Nkhondo - anasamutsidwa nkhondo zithunzi.
• Home - zochitika za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
• Malo - chithunzi cha chikhalidwe. Kusiyanitsa nyanja, mapiri, wosangalatsa, m'nyimbo, kumidzi, m'mizinda, malo okongola.
• Komabe Moyo - chikusonyeza zopanda moyo: ziwiya, zida, masamba, zipatso, zomera, etc ...
• Chithunzicho - Ichi ndi fano, gulu la anthu. Nthawi zambiri, aluso amakonda kulemba kudziletsa zithunzi kapena nsalu zokha ayi chosonyeza wake wokondedwa.
• Animal - zithunzi za zinyama.

Payokha, mukhoza kusankha wina mtundu wanyimbo chiwembucho themed ndipo zikuphatikiza apa ntchito, ndiyo nkhani ya nthano, nthano, epics, komanso zojambula amanena zoweta.

Mitundu luso zimasonyezanso wina mawonekedwe fano. Iwo asapasana chithunzicho kukwaniritsa ungwiro polenga zojambula, anamuuza iye koti apite ndi ntchito. Pali mungachite zotsatirazi:

- m'madera chithunzichi mtundu zikuluzikulu, wonse tione - Panorama.

- Diorama - wopindidwa mwa chifaniziro semicircle nkhondo, zochitika zochititsa chidwi.

- Chithunzi chaching'ono - pamanja, zithunzi.

- yaikulu ndi kukongoletsa kupenta - penti pa makoma, zithunzi, lampshades, etc ...

- Zithunzi - zojambula pa mitu achipembedzo.

- kukongoletsa kupenta - chilengedwe zokongoletsa zaluso mu filimu zisudzo.

- Easel kupenta - mwakulankhula kwina, chithunzi.

- Kukongoletsa kupenta zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku.

Monga ulamuliro, aliyense mwini luso chabwino amasankha yekha mtundu wanyimbo zina ndi mtundu wa zithunzi, amene ali ambiri congenial kwa izo, ndipo makamaka ntchito kokha mu izo. Mwachitsanzo, Ivan Konstantinovich Ayvazovsky (Hovannes Gayvazyan) ntchito mu kalembedwe seascape a. ojambula zithunzi amatchedwa amisiri m'madzi (ku "Marina" omwe anamasuliridwa kuchokera Latin amatanthauza "nyanja").

zida

Painting - ndi makhalidwe a Chiwembu cha Hamani, kumverera mwa dziko la mitundu ndi zikwapu burashi. Ndipo ndithudi, chotero kubalana angathe kuchitidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina, zidindo ndi malamulo. Lingaliro kwambiri za "luso" mu luso zithunzi zikhoza limanenedwa ngati ya njira, mfundo ndi nzeru zothandiza zimene mlembi yolondola, pafupi ndi zenizeni, ndi lingaliro la chiwembu cha chithunzi.

Pa zimene mtundu wa mitundu, mtundu wa chuma, mtundu wa nsalu udzachotsedwa kwa chilengedwe cha ntchito, ndi kusankha zimadalira njira kupenta. Nthawi zina wojambula akhoza payekha asayandikire kwa ntchito yake, ntchito osakaniza m'njira zosiyana ndi malangizo. Njira imeneyi mapulani limakupatsani kulenga ntchito wapadera luso - katswiri wa dziko.

Mwaukadaulo, kuzindikiridwa zingapo zimene mungachite kuti kupenta. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Painting akale

Mbiri ya kupenta akuyamba ndi zojambula thanthwe la munthu wosazindikira. Panthawi imeneyi, zithunzi alibe amasiyana zithunzi mumangidwa chipolowe cha mitundu, koma mtundu wa kutengeka mwa iwo anali. Ndi nkhani za zaka amatiuza momveka za kukhalapo kwa moyo mu kutali kale. The mizere ndi lophweka pazikhala mitu, mayendedwe lomveka.

Kale, zili mafano likupitirirabe osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza nyama, zinthu zosiyana kupanga lonse mbiri ya moyo pa khoma, makamaka ngati mafano analengedwa chifukwa cha moyo wina pambuyo pa Farao, amene ndiye umakhulupiriradi. Za wina ndi zaka zikwi ziwiri khoma zojambula kuyamba pa mtundu.

Ancient luso, makamaka Old bwino opatsirana ndi kusungidwa mu zithunzi akale. Iwo lopatulika ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha luso kusonyeza kukongola kwa Mulungu. Mtundu wa cholinga chawo wapadera ndi - kwathunthu. kupenta Izi amapereka zinthu zopanda pake za kulenga, zithunzi ndi anamuika munthu mu lingaliro la Mulungu, kuli luso angwiro, amene ayenera kukhala ofanana.

Development wa kupenta sanali pochitika popanda kusiya sanachite. Kwa nthawi yaitali, anthufe anatha kudziunjikira zotsalira weniweni ndi choonadi chamtengo wa zaka zambiri.

watercolor

Watercolor kujambula osiyana yowala mitundu, mtundu chiyero ndi chilungamo ntchito pepala. Inde, ndi padziko pepala bwino ntchito mu njira imeneyi ya luso. Chithunzi uphwetsa mofulumira ndi chifukwa amakhala kapangidwe kwambiri yowala ndipo matte.

Watercolor salola kuti tikwaniritse ebbs chidwi pamene ntchito mdima, monochrome mithunzi, koma mwangwiro simulates mtundu, ngati zigawo alipo wina ndi mnzake. Pankhaniyi, likukhalira kupeza zatsopano, mungachite zachilendo, amene ali ovuta kupeza ndi njira zina luso.

The mavuto ntchito ndi watercolor

Kudziŵa za njira monga watercolor kupenta, ndi kuti sakhululuka zolakwa salola improvisation ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Ngati inu sindimakonda kamvekedwe ntchito, kapena inu muli ndi mtundu ndithu mukufuna kukonza chinthu chodziwikiratu kuti apambane. kuyesa (elution ndi madzi, kuchipala, kusakaniza mitundu ina) kungachititse onse kupanga za mithunzi zambiri chidwi ndi kuipitsidwa kwa chithunzi chilichonse.

Kusintha malo a manambalawo, nkhani zikuchokera kusintha kungatheke mwa njira imeneyi makamaka sitingathe kuchita. Koma chifukwa kuyanika mofulumira inks pa pepala, watercolor kujambula abwino zina zachidule zojambula. Ndipo mawu a zithunzi za zomera, zithunzi, cityscapes akhoza kupikisana ndi ntchito lopangidwa ndi mafuta.

mafuta

Aliyense wa mitundu ya kupenta luso ndi kusiyana ndi kulunjika ake. Zimenezi zikugwira onse unsembe wa kuphedwa ndi kufala kwa fano luso. Mafuta kupenta - izi ndi imodzi mwa njira wotchuka ojambula zithunzi zambiri. Khama mu izo, chifukwa pamafunika enaake a akudziwa, kuyambira yokonza zinthu zofunika zipangizo kuti chomaliza - zofunda chifukwa chitsanzo zoteteza wosanjikiza lacquer.

Dongosolo lonse kulemba mafuta m'malo yolemetsa. Ziribe kanthu chomwe mwasankha maziko nsalu, makatoni kapena hardboard (fiberboard), choyamba m'pofunika kuphimba pansi. Iwo adzalola bodza zabwino pansi ndi kugwira utoto, osati kuoneka osiyana ndi mafuta ake. Komanso kupereka kufunika kapangidwe ndi maziko mtundu. Mitundu ndi maphikidwe wa dothi zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Aliyense wojambula wakonda ndi kumatanthauza, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi zomwe amaona njira yabwino.

Monga tanena ntchito utoto mafuta chikuchitika mu magawo angapo, ndi ❖ kuyanika komaliza ndi lacquer chitsanzo zinthu. Izi zachitika kuti musunge the web chinyezi, akulimbana (thumba) ndi zina makina kuwonongeka. Mafuta kupenta amadana ntchito pa pepala, koma chifukwa luso logwiritsa ntchito utoto limakupatsani kupulumutsa zidutswa za luso kukhazika kwa zaka zambiri.

Wabwino Tirhana a China

chidwi adzakhala zofunika kuthera nthawi ya kupenta Chinese, chifukwa ali ndi tsamba wapadera m'mbiri ya luso. njira ya kummawa kwa kupenta anayamba zaka zoposa zikwi zisanu ndi cimodzi. mapangidwe ake kunagwirizana kwambiri zamanja zina, kusintha kwa moyo ndiponso zinthu zimene zimachitika mu miyoyo ya anthu. Mwachitsanzo, kumayambiriro Chibuda ku China ndapeza kwambiri kufunika frescoes achipembedzo. Mu nthawi ya Mafumu Song (960-1127 gg.) Kodi kukhala wotchuka zojambula za mbiri khalidwe, kuphatikizapo kuwauza za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Malo kupenta wakhazikitsa yokha ngati malangizo palokha kale mu BC IV atumwi. e. chikhalidwe analengedwa m'chifanizo cha buluu wobiriwira utoto ndi inki Chinese. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma, aluso kunadetsa anayamba kujambula, amene amajambulapo maluwa, mbalame, zipatso, tizilombo, nsomba, embodying mu mfundo ndi khalidwe la lothandiza pa.

Features wa Painting Chinese

Traditional kupenta Chinese ali kalembedwe chosiyana komanso zipangizo ntchito zithunzi, womwe ndi mbali yaikulu pa njira ndi mawonekedwe a luso Oriental. Choyamba, amisiri Chinese ntchito kulenga mwambo burashi zojambula. Iye amaona ngati watercolor ndipo makamaka lakuthwa nsonga. chida Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti alenge ntchito chipangizo, ngati ziri zodziwika bwino, kalembedwe Zilembozo zinkasonyeza akadali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito China. Kachiwiri, monga mitundu inki ntchito kulikonse - inki Chinese (ndi pamodzi ndi mitundu ina, komanso ngati utoto palokha ntchito kwambiri). Izi zimachitika kwa zaka zikwi ziwiri zapitazi. Komanso Dziwani kuti pamaso pa Kubwera kwa pepala chojambulidwa pa silika ku China. Masiku ano, ambuye ano luso malonda agwire ntchito awo pa pepala, ndi padziko silika.

Izi si zothekera zonse luso kupenta. Kuwonjezera zatchulidwazi, pali ena ambiri (gouache, pastel, tempera, Zojambula pakhoma, acrylics, phula, kupenta pa galasi, china ndi zina zotero. D.), kuphatikizapo mitundu kuti maumwini luso.

nyengo kupenta

Monga mtundu uliwonse wa luso zithunzi ali ndi mbiri kukhala. Ndipo pamwamba pa zonse, amakhala ndi kosiyana chitukuko, masitaelo m'zigawozigawo, mayendedwe chidwi. Osati udindo wotsiriza ankaimba apa ndi nyengo ya kupenta. Aliyense wa iwo amakhudza osati kokha chidutswa cha moyo wa anthu, osati kokha pamene ena zochitika zakale, ndi moyo! Mwa nthawi wotchuka kwambiri pa luso kupenta akhoza kuwasiyanitsa kuti: Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Choonadi, zilandiridwenso impressionists, amakono, surrealism ndi ena ambiri. M'mawu ena, pachithunzipa - ndi fanizo mwatsatanetsatane za msinkhu winawake, chitsanzo cha moyo, view wa dziko mwa maso a wojambula.

Lingaliro la "luso" amatanthauza "kulemba moyo", kusonyeza zenizeni momveka bwino, kwakukuru ndi mokhutiritsa. Kusamukira ku chinsalu chake kwa chilichonse, chilichonse, kamphindi, komanso wosangalala, kutengeka, mtundu wa nthawi inayake, kalembedwe ndi mtundu wanyimbo ntchito zonse za luso.