Othawa kwawo Germany. Ndi angati kuthawira Germany?

Akatswiri ochokera GfdS (Gesellschaft ubweya Deutsche Sprache) cha awiri ndi zikwi theka mfundo zosiyana mwasankha mawu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 2015. Ndipo mawu - "othawa". Mu Germany, mutu umenewu wakhala ofala. Mwa njira, akatswiri zakusangalatsani mu nkhani iyi si nkhani imodzi yokha. Mosamala ankaiphwasula mawu ndi chigawo nadza ku mapeto zokhumudwitsa.

Kodi katundu amanyamula mawu der Flüchtling

Ku mawonedwe ofufuza za Chijeremani, mawu akuti "othawa" poyamba angakhale mtengo positive. Mbali yoyamba, muzu mawu Flücht, likumasuliridwa mu njira zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi ntchito, koma suffix paokha chidwi apamtima. Nthawi zina zimapangitsa mawu phokoso mwamwano Mwachitsanzo, kukhalamo - der Eindringling, stuffer, zhurnalyuga - der Schreiberling, ndipo nthawizina chigawo ili mukuimira chinachake chabe: ndi examinee - der Prüfling kapena pachiwiri, ndi pachiwiri - Schützling.

Mawu suffix izi ndipo magulu awa amachuluka mu Chijeremani. Ndiko kuti, chodabwitsa - othawa kwawo ku Germany - poyamba sizingakhale zabwino. Komabe, m'madera ena limati Mwachitsanzo, mu Saxony, nthawi zambiri zikumveka Flüchtige, ndiye - wobisala. Onyoza suffix si, ndi mitundu ya mawu osangalala kwambiri simukulankhulanso anganene. Komabe, lonse 2015 zinali zodzaza ndi mfundo ndi mawu kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito zonse German (osati!) Media.

Unduna wa za M'dziko la Germany

Ngati inu kuganizira ziŵerengero operekedwa ndi Utumiki wa Mkati, mu 2014 chinali 758 000 anthu mayina kuthawira Germany. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha iwo anafika ku October - anthu 181 sauzande. Mu miyezi cha 2015 pa dera la EU apindulanji osamukawo 340.000, ndi gawo la mikango wa iwo anakakhala Germany. Apa tikukamba yekha za zochitika za pa boma. Pa nthawi yonse kuyambira pa chiyambi cha nkhondo mu Africa North ndi Middle East, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu atakhazikika kuthawira Germany popanda kulembetsa aliyense mozemba. Akatswiri amanena chiwerengero chawo ndi kwambiri pamwamba 200 zikwi. Ndipo simungathe kulosera za mliri m'tsogolo.

Othawa kwawo Germany amatha ukasintha kusintha dziko converge mu maganizo onse amene amasamala za ndondomeko ndi kale nkhawa lonse la Europe. Izi ndi zovuta ija, ndipo tsopano kulikonse kumene anakumana ndi Germany - pa sitima, pa msewu, mu yapansi kapena ndege, mu podyera kapena patchuthi - lomwe chaka zafotokozedwa zochitika makamaka okhawo, palibe mutu ndale nzika German salinso m'tsogolo. Kodi anthu ambiri othawa kwawo ku Germany lero? Funso ili chokha Chancellor German sadzatha kuyankha.

Angela Merkel

Angela Merkel satopa chobwereza: "Tingathe!" Koma kaya adzatha kukwaniritsa malonjezo onse amene takhulupirira othawa ku Syria ndi maiko ena? funso Ichi ndi kuyankha. Mu kusanja andale otchuka, ndi yokha Vladimiru Putinu ndi bwino patsogolo Barack Obama, koma kuthetsa nkhondo ndi kutseka Middle East ndi North Africa mikangano yonse palibe munthu amene wakwanitsa. Choncho asiye ngati othawa amadzaza Europe ku Syria, ngati kumenyana kumeneko zikuchulukirachulukira? yankho ndi lodziwikiratu - palibe.

Angela Merkel ndi kuyesa kulikankhira njira zawo m'mayiko onse a European Union, koma kuti m'malo zoipa kusamalira. M'mayiko EU ali pakati kum'mawa, amakaniratu kugawana nkhani yotentha ndi mitundu ya Germany, Italy, Greece ndi Sweden, kapena nawo iwo, kupereka thandizo kwa othawa kwawo. Choncho, kwambiri Angela Merkel kutenga kupirira onerous kwambiri otaya Muslim kuwongola maganizo onse pa ndondomeko zawo osati kusiya chuma dziko.

njira

Germany kulandira othawa kwawo amene amadutsa Balkan dziko, ankawoloka malire a Turkey ndi Greece, nthawi zambiri popanda ufulu ndi Kuwoloka malire. Kuti ali ndi Geneva Convention imafuna kuteteza ndi kuonetsetsa zonse zofunikira amene angathe ayenerere udindo othawa yekha.

Ngati palibe nkhondo ndi ziwawa, anthu ayenera kubwerera kwawo. Mtundu anthu mogwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi okhala limati Balkan, ndipo tiyenera kuzindikira kuti iwo sangathe kulimbana ndi izo zonse. Ndipo iwo akalola zikhazikike yemweyo mu Sweden, Austria ndi Germany. Choncho, sikapangano Schengen lili Germany anayambitsa amazilamulira malire. Zinaliri poyamba malire panali kwambiri, chovuta kwambiri.

thandizo kwa othawa

Germany wakumana amphamvu chuma mavuto. Lembani revenues zinachitika mu 2015 - mayuro biliyoni 671,7, choncho n'zosavuta kuti afotokoze zakale chidaliro Volfganga Shoyble, mtumiki zachuma German. The vuto othawa adamfunsa ndalama yaikulu, koma 2016 Utumiki mphamvu moyenera boma. bajeti. Mu Germany, nambala wotsikitsitsa mayina lova - anthu 2.6 miliyoni, msika hafu miliyoni ntchito.

N'chifukwa chake akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti Germany mwayi wokhala othawa angaperekedwe kwa anthu onse chidwi, chifukwa chiyambi chabe zidzakhala vuto, ndiye dziko amakumana ngakhale ntchito zachuma - kuphatikiza ku anthu German wa othawa kwawo, ndipo pantchito. Izi ndi katundu yaikulu yoyendetsa dongosolo lake lonse, ndi anthu, umene ndi kusonyeza zodabwitsa za kulolerana ndi kuposa mbali mu tsoka la asilikali kudza.

resettlement

Online processing ofunsira lofuna kukhala kuthawira - si vuto lalikulu. Mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri konsekonse mu dziko kupeza kulenga kuchokera zikande anakonza zinthu yozizira moyo mfundo Pamudzi. Choyamba amene mwayi wokhala kwawo. Germany ndi kuthana nazo kwambiri, nthawi zina ngakhale kupirira. Mu Hamburg, mwachitsanzo, kulanda wopanda mafakitale malo, mosiyana ndi malamulo ambiri zinachititsa kuti kusiyana maganizo m'malo chonyansa anthu.

N'chifukwa okha ufulu wa Germany m'dziko kuthetsa m'dziko mavuto - nkhani imene sanali pachimake kwambiri pokambiranapo. Madera Urban ndi mizinda yochepa munkakhala kuthawira gyms - German Sports Union kusandulika zambiri zikwi za iwo kwa cholinga ichi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Bremen unatenga lachitatu la chiwerengero maofesi a masewera. Magulu ndi zibonga masewera anataya mwayi wophunzitsa, ali Nthawi zambiri patukani osewera abwino ndi mayanjano masewera.

nyumba chikhalidwe

Middle East ndi African othawa kwawo n'kukakhala ku Germany kwa nthawi yaitali, muyenera kupeza nyumba, koma wotchipa malo msika ndi bwino kuti chachikulu mabanja kum'maŵa, makamaka m'mizinda ikuluikulu, akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri. nyumba Social ndi amene anaperekedwa ndi boma, anakana zambiri kwambiri kale zaka khumi kuchokera 2002 kuti 2013, pafupifupi theka la miliyoni nyumba, ndi kufunika kale lalikulu kwambiri kuchuluka kwa othawa kwawo.

Pakati pa zigawo amapeza ndalama zochepa anthu n'kogwiritsa uka mpikisano ndi kusakhutira kukula pankhaniyi. The vuto lomwelo ndi ntchito: malipiro osachepera wa mayuro 8.5 pa ola mwina kuchepetsedwa ndi kuonetsetsa vuto ntchito kwa othawa ndi Association Federal German amalonda Union kwathunthu ndi boma la zochitika. Wofunitsitsa kuthandiza othawa ku anthu German pawokha.

sukulu

Kuyamba ntchito, m'pofunika kuti osamukawo kuphunzira German. Kuti tichite zimenezi, pali maphunziro. mwapadera ndi akuluakulu a boma analipereka kwa Ufulu Convention UN ya Child. ana Refugee osati ndi ufulu wopita ku sukulu, koma, monga mwalembedwa m'chilamulo cha ena States akuyenera kutero, ngakhale udindo okhala m'dziko si kwathunthu kumatanthauza. Kuphatikiza ntchito - ululu wa pafupifupi sukulu German.

M'tauni yaing'ono mu ophunzira 300-500 kuti ana 70-100 omwe ali kuyamba kuphunzira chinenero German. Ndipo si yekha Asiriya, ana ambiri a mayiko a Balkan Peninsula, Hungary, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Poland, kumene makolo ake anatha kupeza ntchito Germany. makalasi Special ali wonsewo ana ambiri zotero m'kalasi zonse, pamene iwo ali, ndithudi, sindikumvetsa, motero detracting ku ntchito ya mapulogalamu ena graders. mavuto makamaka akuyembekezeka, ndithudi, aphunzitsi, kudzipereka ndi kale pafupi mwayi.

bounties

Kodi osamukawo mwayi wokhala othawa kwawo, zopeza ntchito - ndi funso mafunso. Poganizira kukula kwa chithandizo alandira, Ndizachidziwikire kuti ndi chodziwikiratu. Choncho, Germany - thandizo kwa othawa mayuro 400-450 pamwezi pa munthu. Denmark - mayuro 1400, Sweden - za 800 mayuro pamwezi munthu aliyense. Ngati timaona kuti osamukawo kukula mizu mu European Union msanga, kulemba ku dziko lakwawo ya makolo, akazi, ana, ndi ngamila, iwo amayenera kugwira ntchito izo zimapangitsa neza, ndalama zokwanira.

Europe loyang'anizana amasankha ngati kusewera mu multiculturalism ndi kulolerana, ngati mosalephera zotsatira kwambiri zoipa? Ndithudi, pansi pa amati ndi kuthawira Germany ndi mayiko ena EU kudutsa mamembala ambiri kwakukulu kwa mabungwe yoletsedwa ndi kwina Choncho, uchigawenga kukhala denga wodalirika kwambiri pa mitu yawo.

zotsatira

Za zionetsero mwa ambiri anthu ku Germany palibe funso, ndicho chabe kuyerekeza ndi mavuto kuti posachedwapa kusankha upandu mitundu ( "kundikumbatira" mu Cologne kuti kale), kuchuluka kwa dziko zinachitikanso moyo m'dzikoli, monga anthu a m'mayiko Muslim zosiyana kwambiri kwa mtima German ndipo mosiyana ndi iwo, simuli alekerera miyambo ndi njira ya moyo.

Adzakhala chatsekedwa, monga mwa nthawi zonse ndipo kulikonse. Makamaka anthu zakwawoko n'zokayikitsa moona zinapatsira ndi mfundo mlendo. Izo zonse masamu ndi mosavuta kuposa Mwachitsanzo, kuwerenga, ngati owonjezera walowerera msasa wa anthu othawa kwawo. Germany sanabadwe kulamulira kuchuluka kwa osamukawo oletsedwa.

osatetezeka

Mantha ndi ngakhale Germany mantha chamaziko. Nkhawa zawo kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa alendo. Pa nthawiyi, pali kutsegula mabungwe bwino-phiko. State Ngongole kuchuluka mpikisano ku msika malo ikukula. Koma chinthu chachikulu - chikoka cha Islam ku Germany wayamba mumamva. mavuto onse awa omwe wafunsira kuthawira Germany ndemanga anasonkhana chabe incalculable: zogwiritsa maonekedwe ndi ikulira, atolankhani wapanikizidwa ndi maulamuliro, amene kuteteza malamulo a boma.

Koma Germany kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka za posachedwapa anamva mosadziteteza kwathunthu: inshuwalansi zamankhwala kukhala zodula, koma mankhwala kuti akadali ndalama zambiri zosiyanasiyana ntchito okha pa nthawi (Ndipotu yekha sitingakumane ndi malipiro osachepera) kuti kale chinachitika yekha pantchito kulenga, penshoni asiya kukhala m'khola. Ndipo zonse izi anawonjezera zoopsa za tsiku ndi tsiku chiwawa achipongwe ndi 'kulowa ambiri "anthu m'njira.