Omangira airship? Kodi airship? Kodi tiyenera iwo mu dziko ano?

Airship (ku French diriger - «ulamuliro») - ndi kudzikonda injini ukuuluka makina, opepuka kuposa mpweya. nkhani ake ndi njira kupanga ndege zimenezi, tidzakhala kufotokoza kenako m'nkhani ino.

zinthu kandalama

Pali mitundu itatu waukulu airships: zofewa, theka-okhwima ndi okhwima. Iwo zonse zigwirizana mbali zinayi zikuluzikulu:

• chipolopolo ndudu kapena zibaluni wodzazidwa ndi mpweya umene kachulukidwe ndi zosakwana kachulukidwe wa mlengalenga;
• cockpit kapena mpandadenga inaimitsidwa pansi chipolopolo, chomwe ntchito yonyamula adalira ndi okwera;
• Motors pothamangitsa injini;
• yopingasa ndi ofukula chiwongolero kuthandiza mukulephera kusintha kwa airship.

Kodi blimp? Izi zashuga zibaluni Ufumuyo thereto kudzera zingwe. Ngati kumasulidwa mpweya, mthunzi adzautaya mawonekedwe ake.

Theka-okhwima airship (chithunzi akuupereka mu nkhani) ndi amadalira zoipazi mkati, zomwe amakhala kake, koma iye ali ndi zitsulo structural muyezo chimene chimafika longitudinally pamodzi m'munsi mwa zibaluni ndi kuthandiza zashuga.

airships okhwima anapangidwa ndi chimango opepuka zopangidwa aloyi zotayidwa, yokutidwa ndi nsalu. Iwo losindikizidwa. Mkati nyumba imeneyi ndi balloons angapo, omwe angathe payokha kudzazidwa ndi gasi. Ndege ya mtundu umenewu kusunga mawonekedwe ake mosaganizira za mlingo wa chidzalo cha zonenepa.

Amene mpweya ntchito?

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito airships kwa kukweza hydrogen ndi helium. Wa hydrogen ndi mpweya lightest kudziwika ndi Momwemonso iwo ali mphamvu yaikulu. Komabe, kwambiri flammable, chimene chinali chifukwa cha n'zimene ambiri amapha. Helium si mophweka, koma si owopsa chifukwa iwo sadzawotchedwa.

Gasi containment oyambirira airship zonenepa za nsalu thonje impregnated ndi mphira, limene pambuyo pake m'malo mwa nsalu kupanga monga poliyesitala ndi neoprene.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Woyamba bwino airship inamangidwa cha 1852 ku France ndi Henri Giffard. Iye analenga 160 yolemera nthunzi injini angathe kukhala 3-lita mphamvu. p., zomwe zinali zokwanira kuyendetsa tinakwera lalikulu pa kusintha 110 pa mphindi imodzi. Pofuna kunyamula kulemera kwa amagetsi, mmenemo ndi 44 mita ndi zibaluni wa hydrogen ndi, kuyambira Paris kumakhala liwiro anawulukira pa liwiro la 10 Km / h, kunyema mtunda wa pafupifupi 30 Km.

Mu 1872, ntchito yokonza German Paulo Haenlyayn woyamba anaika ndi ntchito pa airship mkati injini kuyaka, amene atumikira kwa mpweya mafuta kuchokera yamphamvu ya.

Mu 1883, ku French Albert ndi Gaston Tissandier woyamba bwinobwino umayang'anira zibaluni, amene anathamangitsidwa ndi galimoto magetsi.

Woyamba okhwima airship ndi zotayidwa pepala nyumba inamangidwa Germany mu 1897.

Alberto Santos-Dumont, mbadwa ya Brazil amene ankakhala Paris, wakhazikitsa angapo za mbiri mu mndandanda anamanga kuyambira chaka cha 1898 mpaka 1905, 14 sanali okhwima airship zoyendetsedwa ndi injini kuyaka mkati.

Werengerani Von Zeppelin

Bwino kwambiri woyendetsa okhwima zibaluni ndi injini anali German Ferdinand Graf Von Zeppelin, amene anamanga mu 1900, airship chake choyamba. ndi LZ-1 chiyani? Luftschiff Zeppelin, kapena ndege Zeppelin - ndi chombo kovuta mwaukadaulo ndi kutalika 128 mamita ndi awiri a 11,6 m, chimene chinapangidwa ya chimango zotayidwa wopangidwa mwa matabwa kotenga 24 chikugwirizana ndi mphete yopingasa 16 ndipo amakhala ndi chikakamizo Motors awiri, mphamvu 16 L. a.

ndegeyo angafikire liwiro mpaka 32 km / h. Earl ukulimbiralimbirabe kapangidwe pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, pamene ambiri a airships wake (otchedwa zeppelins) akhala alipo Paris ndi London. Ndege ya mtundu umenewu komanso ntchito adani pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, makamaka kwa olondera odana ndi sitima zapamadzi.

Mu 20s ndipo 30s Mu zaka zapitazo, ku Ulaya ndi ku United States anapitiriza kumanga airships. Mu July 1919, British ndege R-34 kawiri anapanga ndege transatlantic.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa North Pole

Mu 1926, ku Italy theka-okhwima airship (chithunzi anapatsidwa m'nkhani) "Norway" wakhala bwinobwino ntchito Roaldom Amundsenom, Lincoln Ellsworth ndi Umberto Nobile General kuphunzira North Pole. Maulendowa lotsatira pa wina airship, kutsogozedwa ndi Umberto Nobile.

Okwana iwo ankafuna kuti 5 ndege, koma airship, anamanga mu 1924, inagwera m'dera 1928. The ntchito kuti abwerenso ofufuza kumalo ozizira unatenga masiku oposa 49, imene anapha 9 opulumutsa, kuphatikizapo Amundsen.

linali dzina airship mu 1924 chiyani? Chachinayi Air Transport Series N, kulengedwa ndi fakitale ndipo Umberto Nobile ku Rome, ankatchedwa "Italy".

ndi heyday

Mu 1928, German zibaluni Hugo Eckener anamanga airship "Graf Zeppelin". Isanafike decommissioning, zaka zisanu ndi zinayi Kenako 590 ndege, kuphatikizapo 144 ndime transoceanic. Mu 1936, Germany anapezerapo zonse transatlantic zonyamula pa "Hindenburg".

Ngakhale kuti izi, pa mapeto a 1930s airships dziko pafupifupi idaleka kubala chifukwa mtengo awo okwezeka, otsika liwiro, komanso kusatetezeka kwa nyengo ya chimphepo. Komanso, mndandanda wa ngozi, anthu otchuka kwambiri omwe - wodzazidwa ndi kuphulika wa hydrogen "Hindenburg" mu 1937, pamodzi patsogolo ndege mu 30 ndi 40. apanga mtundu zonyamulira malonda ntchito.

luso patsogolo

Gasi zonenepa wa airships oyambirira ambiri anapanga otchedwa "khungu zolotoboytsa": guts ng'ombe nkhondo, ndiyeno anatambasula. Chilengedwe cha munthu ndege chofunika ng'ombe mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu zikwi.

Pa First World nkhondo, Germany ndi ogwirizana ake anasiya yopanga sausages, kuti pali zinthu zokwanira kupanga airships amene anagwira bomba la England. Kupita patsogolo luso nsalu, kuphatikizapo, chifukwa cha kutulukira mu 1839 a labala ndi Charles Goodyear American malonda, kwachititsa ndi kuphulika kwa luso mu airship lapansi. Mu mmasate oyambirira, US Navy anamanga awiri "zouluka ndege chonyamulira", "Akron" ndi "Macon" amene alumikizana anatsegula, kumasuka womenya ndege zombo F9C Sparrowhawk. zombo wosweka pambuyo kugunda ndi mphepo yamkuntho, ndipo alibe kutsimikizira mphamvu zawo nkhondo.

mbiri dziko pa nthawi yonse ya ndege unakhazikitsidwa mu 1937, zibaluni "USSR-B6 Osoaviakhim". Ndege unachitikira mu mlengalenga 130 H 27 min. Cities anapitako pa airship ndege - Nizhny Novgorod, Belozersk, Rostov, Kursk, Voronezh, Penza, Dolgoprudny ndi Novgorod.

likamalowa zibaluni

Ndiye airships anamuchokera. Choncho, May 6, 1937 "Hindenburg" chakumene pa Lakehurst ku New Jersey - mu mpira wa moto anapha 36 okwera ndi mamembala adalira. Tsoka anali anajambula pa film, ndi dziko anaona airship German chakumene.

haidrojeni, ndi mmene koopsa chikuonekera kwa aliyense, ndipo mfundo yakuti anthu akhoza kusuntha bwinobwino pansi pa mphamvu mpweya izi m'kamphindi anakhala zosavomerezeka chiri. Mu ndege yamakono ya mtundu uwu ntchito yokhayo helium, amene ali si flammable. Kunadetsa otchuka ndipo anakhala ndalama ndege monga mkulu-liwiro "maboti zouluka" wa Pan American Airways.

Akatswiri amakono nawo kamangidwe ka ndege za mtundu uwu, kuti anadandaula chakuti mpaka 1999, pamene inasindikizidwa magulu nkhani za omangira airship amatchedwa "airship luso", chilipo buku anali m'buku lakuti "ndege Design" Charles Burgess lofalitsidwa mu 1927

zikuchitika masiku ano

Pomaliza, airship okonza asiya lingaliro la zonyamula katundu ndi zoyendera kuti lolunjika pa, amene si zokwanira bwino kugwiritsa njanji, msewu ndi zoyendera nyanja, ndipo patali m'madera ambiri.

Ikupita patsogolo choyamba ntchito ochepa amenewa. Mu makumi asanu ndi awiri, William Miller, yemwe ankagwira womenya woyendetsa Naval zombo ku New Jersey wakhala chombo mphepo deltoid mawonekedwe otchedwa Aereon 26. Koma njira Miller unatha woyamba mayeso ndege. Kujambula zinachitika katundu ndege amafunika ndalama yaikulu, ndipo ogula angathe sikunali kokwanira.

Mu Germany Cargolifter AG anafika pomanga padziko lonse lapansi freestanding kumanga oposa 300 mamita m'litali, amene kampani anakonza kumanga helium theka okhwima airship katundu. Kodi mpainiya m'munda wa aeronautics, zinadziwika mu 2002, pamene kampani amakumana ndi mavuto luso ndi ndalama zochepa, akadandaule chitetezo bankirapuse. hangar ili pafupi Berlin, patapita inasanduka yaikulu paki madzi m'nyumba ku Europe "lotentha."

Pofuna Championship ndi

A mbadwo watsopano wa akatswiri opanga, ena omwe mothandizidwa ndi Boma kwambiri ndi ndalama zapadera, tatsimikiza kuti, anapatsidwa kupezeka kwa umisiri watsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano, kampani adzakhala kupindula yomanga airships. Mu March chaka chatha, ndi US Nyumba ya oimira bungwe msonkhano wodzipereka kwa mtundu uwu zoyendera mpweya, cholinga chimene chinali imathandizira njira ya chitukuko awo.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chitukuko cha airships chinkhoswe mu Azamlengalenga heavyweights Boeing ndi Northrop Grumman. Russia, Brazil ndi China zamanga kapena zikukwaniritsidwa prototypes zawo. Canada wakhazikitsa angapo ntchito ndege, kuphatikizapo "Sitima Dzuwa", omwe amaoneka ngati otupa chozemba yoponya mabomba ndi mapanelo dzuwa anaika kudutsa pamwamba pa mapiko wodzazidwa ndi helium. Onse nawo mpikisano kukhala woyamba ndi monopolize msika wa katundu kayendedwe, sipangakhalenso amayezedwa mabiliyoni ambiri. Panopa tcheru limachokera ku ntchito atatu:

• English Airlander 10, Zophatikiza Air Magalimoto Company - panopa ndi airship waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse;
• LMH-1, kampani "Lockheed Martin";
• Aeroscraft, Padziko Lonse Eros Corp kampani unakhazikitsidwa obwera ku Ukraine Igor Pasternak.

RC zibaluni ndi manja awo

Zowunikira mavuto pomanga ndege ya mtundu umenewu, n'zotheka kuti amange ana airship. kukula kwake n'chochepa kuposa chitsanzo chilichonse, Lomwe lingathe kukopedwa, ndipo ali kuphatikiza bwino bata ndi maneuverability.

Kuti akonze airship kakang'ono adzafunika zipangizo zotsatirazi:

• Atatu kakang'ono galimoto masekeli 2.5 g kapena zochepa.
• Pico kulemera kwa 2 ga (mwachitsanzo, DelTang Rx33, amene pamodzi ndi mbali zina, zikhoza kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera online, monga Micron Radio Control, Aether Sciences RC kapena Plantraco), mothandizidwa ndi selo limodzi lifiyamu-polima. M'pofunika kuonetsetsa ngakhale olimbana cholumikizira ndi wolandila, kapena amafuna kufunika soldering.
• Chopatsilira yogwirizana ndi njira zitatu kapena zambiri.
• LiPo-mah batire mphamvu 70-140 ndi naupereka abwino. Kuti kulemera okwana si upambana 10 ga, batire adzafunika 2.5, m'pamenenso batire mphamvu adzapereka wamkulu ndege nthawi: pa 125 mah mosavuta zimatheka nthawi yake mphindi 30.
• Mawaya polumikiza batire kuti wolandila lapansi.
• Atatu ang'onoang'ono injini.
• The mpweya ndodo (1 mm) ndi kutalika 30 cm.
• Deprona chidutswa 10 x 10 cm.
• Cellophane tepi, superglue ndi lumo.

Muyenera kugula zibaluni zopangidwa lalabala, wodzazidwa ndi helium. muyezo abwino kapena katundu wina aliyense amene ali osachepera 10 D. Pakuti kukwaniritsa kulemera anakhumba anawonjezera kuti ballast, amene kuchotsedwa monga helium kutayikira.

Zigawo amagwira kwa kutsinde ndi zomatira tepi. The galimoto kutsogolo ntchito chitsogolo, ndi kumbuyo anapereka perpendicular. mota lachitatu ili pafupi ndi likulu la mphamvu yakukoka ndi imatsogoleredwa kunsi. The tinakwera ndi Ufumuyo kutsidya linalo, moti kufika mmwamba airship. Motors ayenera glued ndi superglue.

Kuika mchira stabilizer, akhoza kwambiri bwino akupita patsogolo, kunyamula tinakwera Ufumuyo yaing'ono rotational kayendedwe, ndi mchira ozungulira ndi zamphamvu kwambiri. Iwo akhoza kuwapanga iwo deprona ndi angagwirizanitse ndi tepi.

akupita patsogolo ayenera kulipidwa ndi nyamuka pang'ono.

Komanso, airship akhoza kukhazikitsa kamera yotchipa Mwachitsanzo, ntchito fob kiyi.