Olga Lepeshinskaya: biography, chithunzi, moyo waumwini. Ballerina Lepeshinskaya Olga Vasilyevna ndi Stalin

Olga Lepeshinskaya ndi ballerina yemwe mbiri yake ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri. Iye adayendetsa maphwando otsogolera ku Bolshoi Theatre, adakondwera ndi Stalin ndi ulamuliro waukulu padziko lonse lapansi. Tidzakambirana za tsogolo la mkazi wamkulu m'nkhaniyi.

Chiyambi

Lepeshinskaya Olga Vasilievna anabadwa mu 1916 pa September 28 m'banja la Maria ndi Vasily Lepeshinsky. Kusokonezeka kwa chisokonezo ndi nkhondo yapachiŵeniŵeni, banja lino lakhala likukhazikika mwachangu, ndipo pamene kuthetseratu kuwonongeka kunayamba ku Russia, abambo a mtsikana, katswiri wamaphunziro amene anamanga Sino-Eastern Railway, adafunsidwa kwambiri ndi boma latsopano ngati katswiri popanga milatho. Lepeshinsky anali olemekezeka mwachibadwa, komabe, kufotokoza ndi kuyeretsa kachitidwe ka "kalelo" sikudawakhudze iwo. Agogo Olga anali anthu odziwika kwambiri a Will's, ndipo amalume ake anali ku ukapolo pamodzi ndi V.I. Lenin - ndipo ichi chinali chosangalatsa kwambiri m'ma 1920.

Zaka zaunyamata

Olga Lepeshinskaya ankakhala moyo wabwino komanso wokhazikika pamodzi ndi makolo ake ku Moscow pa Solyanka. Bambo ndi amayi a atsikanawo analota kuti mwana wawo wamkazi adzapitirizabe kukhala m'banja lachifumu ndikukhala woyendetsa mlatho. Komabe, Olga anali ndi zolinga zosiyana. Iye ankakonda kuvina kuyambira ubwana ndipo ankafuna kuti akhale ballerina. Kotero posakhalitsa analowa m'Sukulu ya Ballet School ku Bolshoi Theatre.

Kuphunzitsidwa kwa ojambula am'tsogolo ku sukuluyi kunatengedwa mozama, chifukwa ambiri mwa iwo adalowa mu Bolshoi Theatre. Ndipo pa malo otchuka Olga Lepeshinskaya anatuluka kwambiri oyambirira - mu zaka 10. Kenaka asukulu a sukulu, otsogolera achiwiri, ankaimira gulu la mbalame, akusangalala pakufika kwa kasupe, mu opera The Snow Maiden. Ndiye mtsikanayo adayamba ndikuyamba ntchito yake yoyamba - adapanga chithunzi cha Fairy Dragee mu The Nutcracker. Ndipo atamaliza sukulu ya ballet, kumene sukuluyo inakonzedweratu mu 1931, Olga adayambanso phwando lalikulu.

Njira yolemekezera

Ali ndi zaka 18, Olga Lepeshinskaya anakhala wotchuka. Mu 1935, adagwira nawo "Balat Three Men", komwe adachita phwando la mtsikana Suok. Zochita zake zinalandiridwa mwachangu ndi anthu, ndipo mu nyuzipepala mpira wachinyamata wotchedwa ballerina unasindikizidwa ngati nyenyezi yotukuka.

Kuwonjezera apo, anyamata otchukawa anayamba kuchita nawo zochitika zamasewera, poyamba adakhala membala wa Komiti Yachigawo ndi Komiti ya Moscow City ya Komsomol, kenaka, patatha zaka zinayi - wotsogolera wa Moscow Council. Panthaŵi imene mpira wa mpira unatchedwa "Wopereka Chikho" pazithunzi, ndipo mu 1937 adapatsidwa Chigamulo cha Badge of Honor. Kwa ojambula amene adakondwerera zaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri, ichi chinali chidziwitso chenicheni ndi ntchito yoluso.

Ntchito zosiyana

Komabe, sizinthu zonse zomwe zidakalipo panthawi ya achinyamata omwe anali otchuka analikuyamba bwino. Kuponderezana kwa zaka za m'ma 1930 sikunadutse banja la ballerina. Olume a Olga Olga anamangidwa kamodzi, koma mwachisangalalo, Olga Lepeshinskaya, Olga Vasilievna, sanakhudzidwe ndi izi. M'sewero, wojambulayo nthawi zonse ankachita maudindo atsopano. Iye anaonetsa Zina mu "Bright Stream", yomwe inali ndi chithunzi cha Princess Aurora mu "Sleeping Beauty", adakwera Pauline mu "Akapolo a ku Caucasus" ndi Masha mu "Nutcracker". Iye adachitanso ntchito ya Odette-Odile ku Swan Lake. Za Olga mobwerezabwereza komanso movomerezeka mu nyuzipepala. Koma ballerina mwiniwake sanakhutire nthawi zonse ndi zomwe akuchita. Mwachitsanzo, ataganizira kuti sangathe kukwaniritsa phwando la Odette, adafunsa utsogoleri kuti amuleke kuti asalowe nawo mu "Swan Lake". Nkhani yotereyi inali isanakhaleko nthawi imeneyo. Ndipo ntchito zake zabwino, Olga adatcha phwando la Svetlana popanga dzina lomwelo ndi Kitri mu Don Quixote. Lepeshinskaya sanagwidwe ndi matenda a "stellar" ndipo adayesa zomwe adazichita. Kumapeto kwa ntchito yake, adanena kuti chochita chake sichinali chodabwitsa, koma njira yachilengedwe ndi kutentha kwa moto kunamupangitsa kuti asamayende bwino.

Olga Lepeshinskaya ndi Stalin

Ntchito ya ballerina inali yopambana chifukwa anali wodziletsa kwambiri payekha ndipo nthawi zonse ankadzipangira yekha. Zojambula za wojambulazo zinali zabwino kwambiri moti Stalin mwiniyo adamuyang'anitsitsa, mofulumira ankatchedwa "dragonfly", ndipo atatha kukhazikitsidwa kwa Stalin Prize iye mwini adayika dzina lake pa mndandanda wa okalamba oyambirira. Izi zisanayambe Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lopatulika, choncho, atalandira ndalama zambiri (100,000 ruble), Olga anapereka zambiri ku thumba la chitetezo. Mtsogoleri wa anthu nthawizonse anali ndi zofooka za Lepeshinskaya ndipo nthawi zambiri ankamuwononga iye ndi mphatso zodula. Kamodzi ku Kremlin, ballerina anali kumwa mowa, ndipo ankakonda magalasi. Tsiku lotsatira iye anaperekedwa magalasi oterewa ndi kulemba "Kuwomba-ntchentche ku Stalin."

Zaka za nkhondo

Olga Lepeshinskaya ndi ballerina ndi wolemera mbiri. Panthawi ya nkhondo Bolshoi Theatre inathamangitsidwa ku Kuibyshev. M'zaka zimenezo mpira wa ballerina sunangopangika nthawi zonse pa siteji, komanso ankayenda padziko lonse ndi zikondwerero. Iye ankavina mobwerezabwereza ndi pamaso pa asirikali kutsogolo. Pamene gulu lake la concert lidafika pafupi ndi kugwidwa ukapolo pamodzi ndi a Germany. Lepeshinskaya adaphunzira izi pokhapokha mu 1975, atalandira kalata kuchokera kwa msilikali yemwe anali pamsonkhanowo. Ananena kuti mwamsanga msonkhano utatha ndi ojambula, msewu unali wotsekedwa ndi fascists ndi nkhondo yamagazi. Akuti Lepeshinskaya, yemwe adapeza malamulo 14 kumapeto kwa moyo wake, ankaganiza kuti "Ndikugwira Ntchito Yachilendo mu Nkhondo Yaikuru Yakukonda Dziko la 1941-1945" ndi "For Defense Moscow" kuti ikhale ndalama zamtengo wapatali kwambiri, ndikukhulupirira kuti pakugonjetsa fascists palinso Chopereka chake.

Zopindulitsa zatsopano

Olga Lepeshinskaya ankagwira ntchito kwambiri panthawi ya nkhondo. Udindo wake watsopano unali gulu la Asola ku Scarlet Sails. Mu 1943, adayamba kuvina ku Moscow pa sitepe ya Bolshoi Theatre. Zomwe zinayambitsidwa kumbuyo kwa nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo, momwe mpirawo unagwirira ntchito, anali "Cinderella" a S. Prokofiev. M'malo mwake mpirawo unapanga gawo lalikulu. Chithunzicho, chokhala ndi Lepeshinskaya, chinali chogwirizana kwambiri ndi nthawi, chifukwa pambuyo pa mayesero ake ovuta ndi chikondi chodikira kuyembekezera kubwera kwa iye. Chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi mu 1946, Olga anapatsidwa mphoto ina ya Stalin. Pambuyo pake, mu 1947 ndi 1950, adalandira zina ziwiri - chifukwa maphwando adachita mu "Flame of Paris" (Jeanne) ndi "Red Poppy" (Tao Hoa). Mu 1951, Olga Vasilyevna, limodzi ndi Galina Ulanova, anapatsidwa dzina lotchedwa People's Artist la USSR.

Moyo waumwini

Olga Lepeshinskaya, amene moyo wake umakonda ambiri, anakwatira katatu. Mu 1956 anakumana ndi General Alexei Antonov. Patapita kanthawi okondedwawo anakwatira ndipo adachiritsidwa mosangalala. Kwa ballerina, unali ukwati wachitatu. Kenaka anzake a Lepeshinskaya adamupempha kuti apitsidwe patsogolo, chifukwa mkazi wake wakale anali Lieutenant-General Raykhman Leonid. Mu 1951, adagwidwa mwadzidzidzi, koma ballerina adagwirizana kuti adamasulidwe. Panali mabodza ambiri ponena za izi, koma choonadi chinali chodziwika kwa iye yekha, ku Beria ndipo, mwina, ku Stalin. Banja la actress linasokonezeka pambuyo pake.

Banja lachitatu la ballerina linali losangalala, koma mu 1962 Antonov anamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Kutayika kumeneku, Olga Lepeshinskaya anavutika kwambiri, iye anali pafupi kuwona. Pambuyo pake, zinali zotheka kuiwala za masewera. Masomphenya anali atabwezeretsedwanso, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri wochita masewerowa ankagwira ntchito ku Italy, ali ndi achinyamata a ballerinas. Kenako Olga Vassilyevna anayesanso kubwerera ku siteji. Komabe, ndinazindikira kuti zolemba zake zasintha, chisangalalo komanso moyo wake wonse zomwe zinamveka kuti mavina anali atapita. Kenaka Lepeshinskaya anapita kunja kwa zaka zambiri.

Ntchito yophunzitsa

Olga Lepeshinskaya, amene chithunzi chake chinafalitsidwa m'mabuku otchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, anagwira ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Anapanga zipolopolo zamtundu wa ballet, adapititsa patsogolo zochitika zake zabwino poyambira mpira. Olga Vasilievna kwenikweni ankafuna kugwira ntchito kunyumba, koma luso lake lophunzitsa silinayamikiridwe. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ulamuliro wa wojambula m'maseŵerawo unali wosatsutsika, kwa zaka zopitirira makumi atatu Lepeshinskaya anali mtsogoleri wa komiti yokonzekera mpikisano wamayiko onse ku Moscow ndi pulezidenti wa Russian Choreographic Association. Mkazi wopambana uyu anali ndi maudindo ochuluka olemekezeka ndi madalitso apadziko lonse omwe iye anapeza ngakhale zovuta kukumbukira ena a iwo.

Cholowa

Olga Lepeshinskaya, yemwe mbiri yake ndi yophunzitsa kwambiri, anali munthu wamphamvu, mpaka masiku otsiriza anapitiriza kugwira ntchito. Wojambula wamkulu adamwalira mu 2008 pa December 20, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda ku Moscow ku manda a Vvedenskoye. Komabe, ulemerero wa ballerina ndi waufupi, ndipo palibe yemwe anali ndi chidwi ndi tsogolo la Olga Vasilievna asanamwalire. Pafupi ndi iye panali abwenzi atsopano, omwe pambuyo pa imfa yake adalandira cholowa chambiri cha otchuka. Zinaphatikizapo zikho zakale, zopangira mtengo ndi zodzikongoletsera, komanso nyumba zapamwamba zamalonda. Zoonadi, Olga Lepeshinskaya ndi ballerina, yomwe chuma chake chiri kutali ndi icho. Iye anasangalala ndi anthu oyandikana nawo, anagwira ntchito mwakhama, adamuuza zakuya kwake, koma panalibe umboni uliwonse wa luso lake, ndipo akunja adatenga zikhalidwe zomwe anali nazo. Nkhaniyi idakambidwa mobwerezabwereza muzofalitsa, koma sanalandire bwino. Zina mwa zidutswa za ojambulazo zidasamutsidwa kupita ku Museum Central Theatre Museum yotchedwa Bakhrushin ndipo tsopano akuyamikira.

Lepeshinskaya Olga, yemwe mbiri yake yodzala ndi zochitika zomveka, wakhala moyo wautali komanso wokondweretsa. Iye mpaka masiku otsiriza anakhalabe munthu wamphamvu ali ndi chida chachitsulo ndi mfundo.