Ntchito yaikulu ya World Bank, kapangidwe, mbali chuma cha padziko lonse

Pakati wotchuka kwambiri ndi zikuluzikulu lonse mabungwe a zachuma - World Bank. Ntchito za bungwe ili anazindikira mwa akatswiri monga zofunika kwambiri pa maganizo a munthu akule bwino kwa chuma dziko. Mwa ntchito kiyi wa Bank World - kuthandiza m'mayiko osauka chikusintha chitsanzo cha chuma cha dziko. Bwinobwino adilesi iyi ndi mavuto ena mu dongosolo la World Bank analenga mabungwe. kulunjika chawo n'chiyani? Kodi akuyendera ntchito WB?

General zokhudza World Bank

Kodi mtundu wa bungwe - World Bank? Dzina zonse za kapangidwe ndi ntchito - kusiyana ndi chidwi? The World Bank (The World Bank, World Bank) - ndi bungwe chuma padziko lonse, chomwe chili ndi nambala ya mabungwe osiyana.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku anthu kuwalitsa ntchito za bungwe la World Bank, ntchito yaikulu ya banki - kulera mlingo wa chitukuko chuma limati kuwapatsa thandizo la ndalama kuchokera m'mayiko olemera. bungwe anakhazikitsidwa mu 1945. likulu la kampani ili mu Washington.

WB kapangidwe

Taganizirani mfundo mabungwe amene amapanga kapangidwe Bank World. Tionenso bungwe ndalama zikuphatikizapo:

• IBRD (mayiko Bank kapena kumanganso ndiponso Development);
• Ida (Association, mutu wa nkhani chitukuko);
• IFC (mayiko Finance Corporation, kapena);
• MIGA (Agency, amene kutumikiridwa - ndalama ukutitsimikizira);
• ICSID (pakati polimbana ndi kuthetsa mikangano mu chimango cha ntchito ndalama).

mabungwe awa tinapangidwa kupereka States wosowa ngongole pa mitengo yotsika mtengo, ndi zina - osakhala chidwi mwankhanza. Inunso ndi thandizo la maiko ndi thandizo la amapereka. kupereka zinthu zoyenera chisamaliro WB - liberalization zachuma, anthu wamba, kukonza zofunikira m'munda wa maphunziro, umoyo, kusintha zomangamanga.

Tiyeni tsopano tione ntchito yaikulu ya Bank World.

WB ntchito

Akatswiri kudziwa osiyanasiyana lotsatira:

• ntchito ndalama (makamaka m'mayiko m'madera a umoyo ndi maphunziro);
• kufunsira chithandizo maboma national pa nkhani zachuma, ntchito mawunikidwe;
• chikusintha makonzedwe a ntchito ndalama;
• ntchito m'khalapakati (mu Kugawilidwa kwanthaka chuma pakati pa anayamba ndi maiko chuma m'mbuyo).

Choncho, kubwerezanso kapangidwe ndalama amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa chuma padziko lonse. Amalembedwa ntchito Bank World ndi zofunika ku mawonedwe a moyenera chitukuko chuma limati ano. Taonani tsopano, ndi chimene zimagwirira WB ndi ndikukhazikitsa iwo kuchita. Mukhoza lingalirani pa nkhani ya ntchito za mabungwe tatchulazi, chomwe Bank World. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi IBRD.

Kulunjika wa IBRD

The World Bank kapena Bank Mayiko kwa kumanganso ndiponso Development - bungwe lomwe, popanda World Bank, komanso pansi ulamuliro wa UN. ntchito zambiri Bank a dziko akuyendera pamaziko a bungwe. Ndipotu, World Bank - ndiye mutu wa kapangidwe Bank World. Mwina kudziŵika kuti zokakamiza unakhazikitsidwa kale, kwenikweni, World Bank, mu 1944. Bank padziko lonse kumanganso ndiponso Development unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo Bretton Woods Conference. Cholinga cha pochimanga anali yotithandiza kuchira chuma m'mayiko kuvutika panthawi ya nkhondo.

Mu 50s a World Bank anayamba kuchita zina ntchito za Bank World, ananenera ife pamwamba - makamaka, kupereka ngongole m'mayiko osauka. Mu 90 mtundu yoyenera ya gulu anayamba kupereka ngongole kwa m'mayiko akafa dongosolo la zachuma. Kulunjika wa IBRD ngongole - m'tsogolomu. Ngongole bungwe amapereka kwa zaka za 15-20 zaka. chuma Financial wa Bank anapanga ndi malipiro umembala, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimadalira quotas inati ena membala.

Kulunjika pa ntchito Ida

Kapangidwe china chofunika ndi udindo ntchito za Bank World - Ida ndi la International Development Association. Inakhalapo mu 1960. Cholinga cha pochimanga zinali kupereka ngongole zofewa ndi malipiro yaitali - zaka 40-50 - limati yodziwika ndi pamlingo wochepa chitukuko zachuma. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1961, bungwe waganiza nkhani ngongole lolingana mu India, Chile, Honduras, ndi Sudan. Ida osati amapereka ngongole pofuna kuthandiza maboma a mayiko ndi mlingo wochepa wa chitukuko chuma, komanso kulimbikitsa katundu wa katundu kuchokera m'mayiko olemera kukulitsa anthu. Ndi udindo wa Ida - kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu zothandiza anthu. Dalirani ngongole ku Ida ndi States omwe sangathe kutumikira ngongole pa IBRD mawu. Popeza penipeni, bungwe Chatuluka ngongole ya madola US oposa biliyoni 90.

ndi IFC amachita chiyani?

IFC kapena International Finance Corporation - ndondomeko zina zofunika, zomwe zikuphatikizapo Bank World Group. Ntchito yake zochepa kupereka ngongole yotithandiza makampani m'mayiko ndi mlingo wochepa wa vuto la zachuma. Cholinga chachikulu cha bungweli - Kukwezeleza ndalama ku ntchito m'mayiko chikusintha miyoyo ya anthu okhala mwa iwo. Ngongole kwa IFC wosindikiza mabungwe omwe siaboma, zomwe zikuonetsa manambala zabwino mwa mawu a profitability. nthawi ngongole - pasanathe zaka 15. Pakuti nthawi zonse zochita zake gulu Chatuluka ngongole kwa madola US zoposa 20 biliyoni.

Features ntchito MIGA

Kodi makamaka chidwi kwa Bank World - kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya gulu mwachilungamo moyenera kugawanika pakati pa mabungwe osiyana. Pakati pa mabungwe udindo chigamulo cha buku lalikulu la ntchito m'munda wa ndalama - MIGA. Chomwe izo zimachita? MIGA, kapena International Investment Wotsimikizira Agency, zikuchita ndi inshuwalansi ya ndalama ziwalo ku ngozi osiyanasiyana amene sanali malonda, komanso kuthandizira panzeru ntchito mauthenga ndi maboma. MIGA amalimbikitsa kukopa likulu m'mayiko kusintha ntchito zachuma.

Kuwopsa kuti gulu akatswiri yosanthula, akhoza kusonyeza limatchula za ndalama translation, ndi kulandidwa kwa chuma payekha, zandale. MIGA amalimbikitsa mtendere wa utuluke chuma m'mayiko, komanso kuzindikira ndalama 'za chiyembekezo ndalama ndalama mu chuma ziwalo. Mwa zida waukulu MIGA - chitsimikizo. bungwe kuyambira penipeni wawapatsa ofunika kwambiri kuposa biliyoni 17 madola US. Ndi thandizo la mabungwe m'mayiko osauka anatengedwa ndi ndalama ofunika kwambiri kuposa 50 biliyoni madola US.

The limatchula wa ICSID

Kuphunzira mfundo zomwe kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya World Bank, onetsetsani kuti kufufuza maonekedwe a ntchito za ICSID, kapena Center Mayiko kwa kuthetsa mikangano Investment. Bungweli amalimbikitsa chitetezo, kuchita nawo zinthu zosiyanasiyana za zibwenzi za ntchito ndalama mwa njira zilipo malamulo. ICSID ndi chinkhoswe mu chikhalidwe si chuma Kupha zopinga zotheka kuti ayende zimachitika pakati pa boma ndi makampani mu ndondomeko ya mgwirizano padziko lonse. bungwe ankaona zipangizo ntchito zake mwa njira ziwiri - conciliation ndi chigamulo Kuthi. ntchito ICSID - analipira, nawo iwo - tikuchita.

Features wa WB ngongole

Tikuphunzira ngongole zimene zimapatsidwa zosowa za cholinga yothetsera mavuto waukulu mu yamtunduwu mabungwe monga World Bank - m'mayiko osauka ndi chuma zomwe zikutsalirazi. gulu limapereka ngongole mitundu zofunikira ziwiri. Choyamba, Kuyamikira ndalama. Amawapatsa cholinga cha ndalama zigawo mafakitale chuma m'mayiko osauka, komanso mu zigawo zina za dongosolo la zachuma ofunikira ku mawonedwe yothetsera mavuto ndi zachuma. Kachiwiri, izi cholinga ngongole amalandira kulimbikitsa chitukuko ndale. kukonzekera awo amafuna States kuchititsa kusintha koyenera.

thandizo kufunsira

Nthawi zina, World Bank akhoza kuchita ntchito kuti kwenikweni yafupika kuti ayimire pakati pa mabungwe a zachuma kapena ndalama ndi maboma a mayiko akufunika thandizo la ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, kupeza zofunika boma ngongole zina mwina chifukwa kufunika kutsatira chuma awo ndi maboma a muyezo winawake amene obwereketsa ndikufuna kuti ndiwone. The World Bank akhoza zogwirizana, kotero Zothandizira Maboma kukhazikitsa kwa njira umalimbana kukwaniritsa mogwirizana ndi dongosolo la dziko chuma ndi ndale ya muyezo zofunika.

Njira ya Bank World Gulu

Malangizo zikuluzikulu za ntchito ya World Bank, onse mu munda wa mfundo ngongole, komanso m'munda wa ntchito kuthandizira panzeru, zinalembedwa m'chikalata osiyana - Njira kwa WBG. Njira imeneyi ndi opareshoni ngati chifungulo pa mgwirizano ndi Bank a World ndi Maboma a States, akuona kufunikira kwa chithandizo. Kamenyedwe ka nthawi yomweyo ndi chimango a. nthito a World Bank m'dera la chilimbikitso kwa States munthu zinayenda, potengera chikhalidwe enieni ndalama zake ndi andale.

Magwero a ndalama

Choncho, taphunzira zina za zinthu kiyi wa bungwe ngati Bank World. Decoding ndi ntchito za bungwe, ifenso kudziwika. Ife tsopano kuphunzira mfundo imeneyi ya ntchito za bungwe la World Bank monga kulera ndalama ntchito ndalama. Amene magwero ukugwira ntchito m'gulu lonse?

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana pofuna kukopa ndalama WB kwa Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito kiyi. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa IBRD ngongole kwa m'mayiko yoyenera ndalama anakweza mwa malonda kumangidwa ndi mlingo mkulu. Buku lina, a mtsikana mu ntchito ya Bank World - likulu, amene analowa mayiko membala wa bungwe. gwero chimenechi adamulowetsa kuti akwaniritse udindo zokhudzana ndi mathandizidwe ngongole ngongole kwa World Bank. Pa kutaya World Bank komanso ali ndi malo likulu kuchuluka kwa madola US oposa biliyoni 193. Pa mwambo umenewu gwero, bungwe silinakwaniritsidwe ntchito, koma ali ndi ufulu amenewa.

The World Bank ndi mabungwe ena padziko lonse

Choncho tinaphunzira zinthu zofunika zimene zimaonetsa World Bank. dzina lonse ndi ntchito zokakamiza, ifenso kudziwika. Tinganene kuti Bank World - bungwe lapadera la mtundu wake? Chifukwa china choona. Koma pali angapo makampani padziko lonse, amene ntchito ndi zizindikiro kotsimikizika kufanana ndi ntchito Bank a World. Taonani zitsanzo.

Makamaka, ndi moyandikana ena a World Bank ndi ntchito ndi OPEC. chakuti kuchuluka kwambiri ndi mayiko membala wa bungwe la mafuta Exporting Mayiko zikukwaniritsidwa. OPEC ntchito tingasonyezere, makamaka, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha chuma chawo mwa njira katundu okhazikika kwa mtundu yoyenera zipangizo pa misika dziko.

Bank World ndi IMF

Ntchito ndi udindo mu chuma cha padziko lonse, World Bank ndi mokwanira pafupi a IMF (International Monetary Fund). mabungwe awa amakhalanso ogwirizana chifukwa chakuti onse awiri - anakhazikitsa kuti abwezeretse chuma dziko pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Tsekani mfundo zokwanira za kuika kapangidwe gulu la World Bank ndi IMF. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa chopereka boma ku likulu okwana zokakamiza Mzimuyo mmene mmene iye pa zochitika za m'banja. Kufanana kwa ntchito za mabungwe awa Tingaone chakuti iwo inazikidwa kuthetsa mavuto yotithandiza chitukuko zamalonda m'mayiko akufunika thandizo kunja ndalama - mwachitsanzo, chifukwa bwino malipiro kuchepekedwa.