Mabanki Systemically zofunika: mndandanda. mabanki Systemically zofunika mu Russia

Banks monga mtundu wa mabungwe malonda, pa dzanja limodzi, amathandiza kwambiri chuma, ndi pa zina - mu nkhani ya zizindikiro za mavuto mumaganiza za - angakhudzidwe kuposa ena potengera zinthu zogwirizana negative. Chifukwa, iwo akhale nawonso, ndi katundu pa chuma cha dziko pa kuchoka ku mavutowo. Koma mphamvu ya boma - kuteteza izo. Choncho, Bank of Central Akuluakulu a ku Russia anaganiza kuti aonetse mndandanda wa kwambiri zisathe mabungwe banki ndalama kuposa wina aliyense otetezedwa chifukwa cha mavuto, ndipo kotero, sanali kokha mtolo wolemetsa kwa bajeti, komanso kulimbikitsa linanena bungwe la chuma cha dziko la zinthu zovuta imene panopa . Zomwe mabungwe ndalama m'gulu mndandanda?

Akamanena za mabanki systemically zofunika

mabanki Systemically zofunika mu Russia - kodi nyumba imeneyi? Mawu amenewa amanena yaikulu mabungwe ngongole yomwe, polingalira kugwilizana ndi anthu kapena muyezo zina, yodziwika monga wokhala kwambiri kuti chuma cha boma. zizindikiro kungaphatikizepo mtengo wa capitalization banki a, mlingo wa kukhalapo mu zigawo, komanso ofunikira pa mkhalidwe wonse ndalama kukonza.

Komabe, i boma pa mlingo wa malamulo, ndi podikira latsopano la Russia. Choncho, mndandanda makamaka a mabanki systemically zofunika - monga Mwachitsanzo, lofalitsidwa mu July 2015 pa Bank chapakati la Chitaganya cha Russia, anapanga makamaka pa maziko a zimagwirira mkati mwa Ziwerengero za yang'anira. Wapamwamba mabungwe zogwirizana ungakhalenso Mwachitsanzo, mawunikidwe mabungwe - monga "RIA Mavoti".

zinthu boma

Komabe, pali umboni wakuti i mupezeke kuti mabanki systemically zofunika m'tsogolo akhoza wotetezedwa pa mlingo malamulo. Nkhani imeneyi, monga akatswiri onani, anagwirizana pa milingo yosiyanasiyana ya zokambiranazo pa msika ndalama la Russia. mabanki Russian tili m'gulu la systemically zofunika - ngati tikukamba za m'mabuku ofalitsidwa ndi Bank ku Central akhale woyenera boma thandizo mwambo mavuto - mwachitsanzo, ngati iwo anati ndi mavuto liquidity. Motero, akuluakulu a boma akhale ndi chidwi kukhala bata ngongole ndi mabungwe ena azachuma chifukwa chakuti, iwonso, zimathandiza kuwonetsetsa mtendere wa chuma wonse.

The imatiuza Mtsogoleri

Mwina kudziŵika kuti mu 2013 Bank ku Central zafalitsa chidwi chikalata - kutchula ntchito imene i kwa gulu la mabanki anali kunenedwa systemically zofunika. Njira imeneyi ananena kuti mndandanda wa mabanki systemically zofunika mu Russia akhoza kukhazikitsidwa potengera ubwino wa katundu wa mabungwe, gawo madipoziti, komanso kufunika kwa ndalama zimene zimafunika pa mabungwe a zachuma. ayamikira zogwirizana mwa kungoona i a Komiti Basel pa banki mabwana, komanso akatswiri yachilendo malangizo. Pankhaniyi, ntchito ndalama Bank ku Central ayenera anayeza, molingana ndi makonzedwe a asilikali, pa maziko a ntchito bungwe mu zaka 3.

Tikudziwanso kuti mu January 2014 Bank ku Central chikalata malangizo pa maziko a zinthu zomwe amayenera kufotokoza mndandanda a mabanki systemically zofunika. 2014, malinga ndi akatswiri ena, ankaona mu mbali ya ntchito yayendera - kotero iye mndandanda zogwirizana sichinayambe lofalitsidwa. Komabe, pali mfundo ina ya view. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti chaka chimene Bank ku Central adzakhala kufalitsa mndandanda woyamba wa mabanki systemically zofunika mu 2014 mwanjira adzakhala chifukwa mavuto mumaganiza ndi kufunika chimatanthauza mndandanda wa mabungwe khola kwambiri ngongole. Komabe, Bank ku Central wapanga mndandanda lolingana mabungwe chuma chokha mu July 2015.

mabanki Systemically zofunika monga CBR

Choncho, taganizirani zimene tsopano Bank ku Central allocates systemically mabanki zofunika. mndandanda kumaphatikizapo 10 lalikulu Russian banki mabungwe a zachuma.

akuti:

- Sberbank - banki yaikulu latsopano la Russia;

- VTB - achiwiri kukula chuma banki la Chitaganya cha Russia;

- Ulimi Bank;

- Raiffeisen Bank;

- UniCredit;

- Gazprombank;

- FK "Oyamba";

- Rosbank;

- PSB;

- Alfa Bank.

Ngati akatswiri amanena mndandanda? Market ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti Bank ku Central zikukambidwa ndipo zikuphatikizapo mndandanda a mabanki systemically zofunika wonse, n'zomveka. Akatswiri ambiri, mfundo, pamaso pa yang'anira wapanga mndandanda, anandiuza kuti izi ngongole ndi ndalama mabungwe adzalowa izo. Ngakhale ngati chifukwa mabungwe - waukulu ku Russia mu mawu a chuma. Iwo kudziunjikira okwana 60% ya Russian likulu kubanki.

I ku Bank ku Central

Kuti Bank ku Central amafunika posachedwapa kufalitsa i pa maziko amene akhala kuzindikiridwa mabanki systemically zofunika, mndandanda wa zomwe takambirana pamwambapa. Izi, makamaka, ananena oimira yang'anira mu kuyankhulana ndi atolankhani. Mwina kuti mabuku ena a muyezo zilipo kwa anthu pompano - ngati inu kufufuza zambiri mu mabuku atolankhani ya CBR. Chotero, mmodzi wa iwo anati October 1, 2015 kudziwa mabanki systemically zofunika tidzakambirana chizindikiro cha mtengo wa yochepa liquidity. Zofunika kuti phindu lake pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera. Izo poyamba kuganiza mlingo wa 60%, koma 2019 izo kukhala 100%.

, Imatchedwanso kuti Bank chapakati mu 2016 adzaika zofunika kwa buffers likulu - malinga ndi muyezo umene kutumikira Basel malangizo. Chithunzi lolingana monga zowonjezerazo ku likulu labwino ofunika kuchepetsa zomvetsa likhoza mavuto, anayenera kukhala 0,625% poyerekeza ndi chuma kulemetsedwa ndi chiopsezo. Chaka chilichonse, muyezo adzakhala kwambiri kuyeza. Ndi 2019, mabanki ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lotetezedwa likulu mtengo wa 2.5%.

akadakwanitsira representativeness

Mwina anafotokoza kuti malangizo amene akufuna kufotokoza Russia magombe systemically zofunika, mu 2014, zinanenedwa kuti kuchuluka kwa ngongole ndi mabungwe ena azachuma pano mu mndandanda pazikhalanso osachepera 80% ya Russian msika wa chuma kubanki.

Pankhani imeneyi, akatswiri ena anena kuti mu mndandanda woyamba wa systemically mabungwe ofunika kukhala mozungulira 50 mabungwe. Komanso, mu kuyankhulana ndi akuluakulu atolankhani a Bank ku Central mu chaka cha 2014 inanena kuti udindo yoyenera adzilandira mabanki 19, wambirimbiri, nayenso 70% mwa likulu mu msika dziko.

Wakudza kwa ziyenera a mabanki systemically zofunika

Kotero, ife anayang'ana pa muyezo osiyanasiyana omwe anatsimikiza ndi mabanki systemically zofunika. Iwo zalembedwa lopangidwa Bank ku Central, ifenso mwafufuza. Kodi iwo amati oimira mabungwe a zachuma ndi ofufuza msika kaya kupanga mndandanda lolingana ndi mfundo za kukonzekera?

Choncho, mfundo wamba view, chimene udindo wa kufunika zokhudza zonse za banki - si kwambiri ndi zokonda monga kuchuluka udindo. Mawu ake ndiponso gulu chuma, amene adamlandira Iye, kukhala wokonzeka kukwaniritsa udindo - zokhudzana onse chigamulo cha mavuto m'banja chuma cha boma, komanso nawo mauthenga lonse. Bank chapakati oimira nkhawa mabanki amene anali pamndandanda wa systemically zofunika sayenera mosayang'anira kudalira thandizo la ndalama kuchokera boma. A mbali yaikulu kuthandiza kuthetsa mavuto a m'banja, monga ananenera, mabwana pamwamba Bank ku Central ayenera kuimba ma sheya hoda.

I kwa gulu la mabanki dongosolo: Katswiri mawunikidwe

Kodi akatswiri amanena za lofalitsidwa panyengo i Bank chapakati pa zomwe mabanki ndi wachinsinsi monga systemically zofunika? Choncho, akatswiri chidwi kwambiri kuwunika njira imene Bank ku Central mu kuwala zofunika pa buffers likulu. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amachita chidwi, potengera zimene akulingalira banki chapakati atchuke amalembedwa mwa ife pamwamba.

Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, ndi muyezo zofunika aziona mtendere wa mabungwe Russian ndalama uyenera kukhala oyang'anira. Ngati banki walunjika ndi Ngopambana woyenera, ndi Mulimonsemo kumawonjezera mwayi wake wa bwino kugonjetsa mavuto, komanso kuphedwa mwa ntchito zimene zogwirizana chuma dziko Akatswiri amanena.

lumikizanani ndi atsogoleri

mabanki Russian, amene anapanga Bank ku Central mu mndandanda wa systemically zofunika, amagwiritsidwa lakonzedwa kukhala chitsanzo ena, mwina kupikisana mabungwe ena azachuma, ofufuza anati.

Mfundo yonena awo mu maso a Russian ngongole msika ophunzira siudzafunsidwa, akatswiri amanena, koma mabungwe ang'onoang'ono-ang'ono, izo zikanakhala zabwino kuti athe kuwona, chifukwa amene mabanki chachikulu makamaka zikukwaniritsidwa bwinobwino ndipo ndithu ayesedwa ndi yang'anira. Pa nkhani imeneyi, buku la Bank ku Central pa mndandanda wonse wa muyezo kwa mtundu ngongole ndi mabungwe ena azachuma dongosolo angakhale tidzayesetsa kwambiri kusintha Mwachangu a dongosolo banki lonse, akatswiri amanena.