"Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Anthu anaganiza buku L. N. Tolstogo. Zimphona zithunzi

Tolstoy ankatha kusonyeza mbali zonse za moyo mu Russia kwa zaka za m'ma 19 mu epic wake "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Anthu anaganiza buku aunika makamaka yowala. Image anthu ambiri imodzi zikuluzikulu ndi zamalankhulidwe. Komanso, khalidwe dziko ndi phunziro la fano mu buku la. A khalidwe dziko ungadziwike kwa malongosoledwe a moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthu, mmene anthu ndi dziko, wamakhalidwe abwino, olakwika ndi tsankho.

chifanizo cha anthu

Tolstoy m'gulu maganizo oti "anthu", osati asilikali yekha ndi anthu wamba, komanso anthu otchuka, amene ali ndi maganizo ofanana ndi makhalidwe auzimu ndi mtendere. Ndi malingaliro wolemba ichi kuikidwa mu maziko a epic "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Anthu anaganiza buku kotero zili mwa anthu onse ogwirizana ndi chinenero, mbiri, chikhalidwe ndi gawo.

Kuyambira mfundo imeneyi, Tolstoy ndi Albucasis, chifukwa patsogolo pake mu mabuku Russian wakhala unachitikira malire pakati pa anthu wamba ndi otchuka. Fanizo mfundo yake, wolemba anatembenukira kwa nthawi adzaoneni lonse la Russia - ndi kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812.

Otsutsa okha - kumenyana amuna abwino a otchuka, limodzi ndi mbadwa ya anthu, asilikali ndi mabwalo malamulo, sangathe kuchita anamanganso, kapena kudzimana chifukwa cha chitetezo Lathu.

Chithunzi cha miyoyo ya asilikali wamba

Moyo Zithunzi mitundu yamtendere ndi nkhondo, ndi bwino ankaimira mu epic wa Tolstoy a "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Anthu anaganiza mu buku Komabe, ambiri kuonekera pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, pamene anthu onse a Russia ankafunika kusonyeza wokhazikika, kuwolowa manja ndiponso wakutemwa.

Ngakhale izi, ngakhale mu mabuku awiri oyamba a buku la pali kufotokoza zochitika wowerengeka. chithunzi ichi wa asilikali Russian, pamene iwo ankachita pomenya nkhondo yachilendo, kuchita ngongole kwa adani. Asilikali wamba amene anachokera kwa anthu, monga kukwera sindikumvetsa - bwanji aziteteza dziko lawo?

zithunzi zoopsa atamukoka Tolstoy. asilikali ndi njala, monga gulu limodzi, amene amathandiza, osati kupereka chakudya. Sititha kuyang'ana pa mavuto a asilikali, kapitawo anaganiza kumvanso Denisov chakudya kuchokera Regiment wina, amene ali zingawononge ntchito yake. Mu mwachita makhalidwe auzimu a anthu Russian.

"Nkhondo ndi Mtendere": a sizoona mu buku la

Monga taonera, tsogolo la ngwazi za Tolstoy mwa olemekezeka kwambiri nthawi zonse zokhudza miyoyo ya anthu. Choncho "maganizo a anthu" mwa mankhwala onse ulusi wofiira. Choncho, Per Bezuhov, analandidwa, kudziwa choonadi cha moyo timaona kuti iye wamba wamba munthu. Ndipo ndi munthu osakondwa kokha pamene moyo wake yatha. Kuti chimwemwe muyenera pang'ono.

Mmunda wa Austerlitz Andrey Bolkonsky akuona kugwirizana wake ndi anthu. Iye amagwira flagstaff, osayembekezera kuti adzapita pambuyo pake. Koma asilikali, powona muyezo womunyamulira kunkhondo. Umodzi wa asilikali wamba ndi akapitawo a asilikali amapereka mphamvu kuposa kale lonse.

House mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi yofunika kwambiri. Koma si za ulemerero mipando. Chifanizo cha nyumba timapezamo mfundo banja. Komanso, nyumba ndi lonse la Russia, anthu onse - limodzi lalikulu banja. N'chifukwa chake Natasha Rostova resets kupereka chuma chawo ndi kupereka kwa molasidwa.

Ndi mu mgwirizanowu Tolstoy amaona Mphamvu ya anthu. Mphamvu kuti adzawina mu 1812 nkhondo.

Zifanizo za anthu wamba

Ngakhale pa tsamba loyamba la wolemba buku amalenga zithunzi za asilikali payekha. Izi mwadongosolo Lavrushka Denisov ndi mtima roguish komanso akusangalala Sidorov, hilariously otsanzira ndi French, ndi Lazaro, amene analandira Order ya Napoleon yekha.

Komabe, nyumba mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi mfundo, motero ngwazi za anthu wamba Tingaone mu mafotokozedwe yamtendere. Izi zikutipatsa vuto lina lalikulu kwa zaka za m'ma 19 - zolemetsa serfdom. Tolstoy amaonetsera monga wakale Prince Bolkonsky, anatsimikiza kulanga Filipo barman, amene anaiwala kuyitanitsa mwini, anaipereka kwa asilikali. The pofuna moyo mosavuta chifukwa Pierre serfs anabwera kanthu, monga bwana ananamiza Zithunzi lapansi.

anthu ntchito

Ambiri mwa mavuto khalidwe la zilandiridwenso Tolstoy zikutipatsa epic "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Mutu wa pobereka wolemba yaikulu yotero. Ntchito inextricably zogwirizana ndi miyoyo ya anthu. Komanso, Tolstoy amazigwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza zilembo, monga amamangirira wofunika kwambiri kwa izi. Kusafuna kugwira kumvetsa wolemba amalankhula za makhalidwe abwino ofooka, osafunika ndi opanda pake wa munthu.

Koma ntchito - uyu si ntchito, timasangalala. Choncho, whipper Daniel, nawo Ulenje, anapatsidwa mlandu mapeto, izo zikusonyeza katswiri weniweni, ndipo saizi ya kumulakalaka, ngakhale akulira pa Chiwerengero Rostov.

Old valet Tikhon pamaso anaphatikizidwa malo ake amene akumvetsa popanda mawu a mbuye wake. bwalo A Anisa touted Tolstoy kuti mogulitsa, akuseŵera bwinobwino ndi nthabwala zabwino. Nyumba yake eni si mlendo ndi ankhanza malo, ndi okondedwa. Mkazi ndi chikondi za ntchito yake.

Anthu Russian ndi nkhondo

Koma moyo chete utatha, nkhondo inayamba. Anasandulika ndi mafano onse buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". otchulidwa onse, onyozeka ndi lalitali, yophatikiza pamlingo umodzi wa "mkati kutentha wakutemwa". Kumva limakhala khalidwe mtundu wa anthu Russian. Iwo wapanga iye amatha wodzipereka. Kuti ndi nsembe anaganiza zotsatira za nkhondo ndi chidwi asilikali French.

Kusiyana kwina pakati pa asilikali Russian ku French - iwo kusewera nkhondo. Pakuti anthu Russian, ndi tsoka lalikulu limene sangakhale chilichonse chabwino. Unknown asilikali Russian kusangalala ndi chimwemwe cha nkhondo adziwitse kapena nkhondo. Koma pamene aliyense ali wokonzeka kupereka moyo wake. Palibe mantha pano, asilikali zinafuna kufa, chifukwa ntchito yawo - kuteteza dziko. Kodi kupambana mmodzi yekha amene ali "inenso pepani" - kuti ananena anthu ankaganiza Andrey Bolkonsky.

Wamba maganizo mu epic ndi

Kubaya ndi phokoso owala mu buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" Mutu wa anthu. Choncho Tolstoy sali kuyesera idealize anthu. Wolemba amaonetsera zithunzi kusonyeza akulembayo ndi kusatsatira lokhala wosasangalala wamba. Chitsanzo chabwino cha ichi - bogucharovsky kupanduka, pamene anthu wamba, kuwerenga amakwera ndege French, anakana kumasula chuma cha Mfumukazi Mary. anthu amatha dyera chomwecho chimene olemekezeka ngati Boris Drubetskoy kapena Berg, amene ali wofunitsitsa kudutsa mu mizere ya nkhondo. The French analonjeza ndalama, ndipo tsopano ali iwo anamvera. Komabe, pamene Nikolai Rostov analamulidwa kuti asiye khalidwe lotayirira ndipo anasonyeza instigators, wamba mongotsatira malamulo ake kukwaniritsidwa malangizo ake.

Komano, pamene French anayamba patsogolo, anthu anasiya nyumba zawo ndi kuwononga katundu yotengedwa, kuti alibe adani.

Mphamvu ya Anthu

Komabe pamtunda bwino wowerengeka khalidwe epic "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Mfundo yaikulu ya ntchito monga nthawi kuwonetsera mphamvu woona wa anthu Russian.

Pankhondo ndi French, Russian ngakhale kuti tinali akasamuka makhalidwe abwino. Tolstoy anaona ukulu wa mtundu si kuti akhoza zida kugonjetsa mitundu yoyandikana nayo, koma kwenikweni kuti fuko lino , ngakhale mu nthawi naizhestochayshie angasunge chilungamo, anthu ndi maganizo wachisomo kwa mdani. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi yanthaŵi wa French kupulumutsidwa mkulu Ramballe.

Tikhon Shcherbaty Plato Karataev

Ngati inu yosanthula buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi mutu, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zikope tcheru cha anthu otchulidwa awiriwa. Wandiweyani, pophatikiza iwo mu nkhaniyi, anafuna kusonyeza zogwirizana ndipo nthawi yomweyo mbali ina ya khalidwe Russian dziko. Tiyeni tifananize zilembo izi:

Plato Karataev - placid ndi dreamy msilikali amene ntchito meekly kumvera tsogolo.

Tikhon Shcherbaty - wochenjera, yokhala wolimba mtima ndi amphamvu wamba amene sadzalola tsoka ndipo mwachangu kutsutsana. Iye anapita ku usilikali ndipo anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakuti anapha French kwambiri.

atchulidwa ophatikizidwa mbali ziwiri za khalidwe Russian: kudzichepetsa, kuleza mtima pa dzanja limodzi, ndi chilakolako wofunitsitsa nkhondo - pa ena.

Amakhulupirira kuti bwino kwambiri akuwonetseredwa scherbatovskoe chiyambi cha buku Komabe, ndi karataevskaya nzeru ndi kuleza mtima si anasiyidwa.

anapezazo

Motero, anthu ndi wosewera waukulu mu "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Malinga ndi nzeru za Tolstoy, munthu sangakhoze kusintha mbiri, koma mphamvu ndi chilakolako cha anthu ali okhoza izo. Choncho, Napoleon anaganiza reshape dziko, wataya mphamvu ya fuko lonse.