Ngongole boma

State ngongole - awa ndi asapita a zachuma chikhalidwe, nkhani yomwe boma, anthu ndi mabungwe alamulo.

Kudziŵa kugwiritsa boma kuti azipeza kangachepe ake ndi kukopa ufulu ndalama za anthu ndi nyumba zachuma ananyamuka ndi mapangidwe chuma msika. Ichi ndi chofunikira wa ngongole boma.

Iwo yodziwika ndi boma ngongole zinthu zonse kuvomerezedwa chibadidwe iliyonse mtundu wa kukongoza: alipire, Kutukula, ndi odzipereka.

Chosowa chachikulu cha chitukuko cha mtundu ubale ngongole yanthanda pa mawu a kuchepa bajeti ya ndalama. Ndiye boma akutembenukira kwa malonda ntchito zotolera ndalama ndi anthu kupyolera kugulitsa awo sheya boma digiri yapamwamba ya kudalirika.

NTHAWI YOCHITA boma malipiro ngongole sangathe kupitiliza zaka 30. boma akhoza kuchita ndipo wobwereka ndi wokongoza ndi guarantor nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zambiri, boma amachita chimodzimodzi ngati wobwereka ndalama. Anaiwononga - monga wokongoletsa ndalama pamene akupereka anthu malamulo ndi masoka ngongole ya. Nthawi imeneyo, pamene amalandiranso udindo kukwaniritsidwa kwa wosamalira ngongoleyo, boma ndi guarantor.

Ntchito yaikulu tinapangidwa kuthetsa ngongole pagulu: lamulo microeconomics; macroeconomics lamulo; lamulo ndondomeko ndalama ndi mkhalidwe wachuma wa dziko; kafukufuku Finance kuphimba bajeti.

State ngongole ali ndi zolinga izi: mayikidwe a zinthu chitukuko chuma zigawo; ndalama ya ku kuchepekedwa bajeti; kuthandiza mizinda yambiri; Thandizeni waukulu kumabungwe a zachuma.

State ngongole amachita angapo ntchito: mlandu; ulamuliro; kusokonekera (ndalama pakati pa magulu mayiko); malamulo (kuonetsetsa ntchito nawo amatanthauza).

boma ntchito ngongole nthawi zambiri kusanduka zofunikira ziwiri: ndi zolimbana ndi zachuma. Ndi kupyolera mu ntchito zachuma ikuchitika mapangidwe ndalama mlingo chapakati ndi ndalama za kuchepekedwa bajeti.

State ngongole mitundu, mkati ndi kunja chuma onse. Mtundu wa likulu ngongole angapereke nzika za boma, komanso kumayiko ena.

ngongole anthu mitundu amadziŵika motere:

- pa nkhani ubale ngongole (ngongole anaika mwa maboma chapakati ndi wamba)

• centralized
• decentralized;

- pa malo a malawi kapena malisiti

• mkati (m'dzikoli)
• Link (anapereka IBRD, IMF komanso mabungwe mayiko kukongoza);

- wokhwima

• yochepa (chaka chimodzi)
• sing'anga yaitali (zaka imodzi zisanu)
• yaitali (zaka zisanu).

Pa mfundo ya boma ngongole kumakhudza mwachindunji pa mfundo ngongole anthu. ngongole mapangidwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ngongole ndi kupatsidwa kwa boma. Kukula kwa nkhani sonyezani wa dziko kumabweretsa kukula kwa ngongole anthu, ndi mosemphanitsa. ngongole Public ayenera kuperekedwa ndi chuma cha boma. kasamalidwe ngongole anthu ikuchitika ndi unduna wa Finance ndi Bank wa Central.

Ambiri, ngongole za boma - chifukwa cha ntchito za boma mkulu wa dziko ndi mabungwe alamulo ndi anthu (onse okhala ndipo sanali anthu a dziko), matupi wamkulu wa mayiko ena ndi mabungwe azachuma padziko lonse kuti alenge thumba kukwaniritsa zofuna ndalama dziko.