Ndi zaka zingati za Russia? Kodi Russia wakhalapo zaka zingati?

Anthu a ku Russia amakhala m'dziko lomwe mulibe mayankho omveka bwino komanso osavuta kwa mafunso ophweka. Kunena, zaka zingati za ku Russia, muyenera kusankha mwachindunji njira imodzi kapena kusankha mafunso ambiri ofotokozera. Palibe dziko lina lomwe linayambika kawirikawiri m'mbiri yake, ilo linatsutsa kale lomwelo, ndipo linabwereranso ku chiyambi chake. Ndizozolowezi kuti Russia akhale dziko laling'ono ndi mbiri ya zaka chikwi.

Kusankha mfundo yofotokozera

Mwa kuyesa kwa olemba mbiri otchuka akale, NM. Karamzin - wolemba mabuku 12 a "History of the Russian State", S. Solov'ev, yemwe analemba "Mbiri ya Russia kuyambira kale", V.O. Klyuchevsky ndi ena ambiri, komanso chifukwa cha kafukufuku waposachedwapa ndi ntchito za asayansi zamakono, pali mfundo zingapo zomwe zaululidwa, zomwe mbiri yakale ya Russian ikhoza kuyeza. Kawirikawiri, izi ndi malire aakulu pakati pa machitidwe a boma omwe ali ofanana kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kumvetsa mbiri yakale ya Russia ngati njira yopitiliza zaka chikwi kumaoneka ngati yachibadwa.

Kusankhidwa kwa chiyambi cha makonzedwe kumadalira nthawi zambiri m'dziko lathu pa zikhulupiliro za filosofi kapena maganizo. Yankho lake la kuyesa nthawi ya mbiriyakale, yankho lake ku funso la zaka zingati za Russia, kuchokera ku Westernizer ndi Slavophile, kuchokera ku chivomerezo ndi chitukuko, kuchokera kwa chikominisi ndi ufulu, ndi zina zotero. N'zotheka kutenga mayankho angapo okhudza zaka za dziko lathu, ndipo kwa aliyense tidzakhala otsimikizira otsutsa komanso otsutsa oopsa.

Nthawi zamakedzana

Zochitika zakale kwambiri za anthu akale zinapezeka ku Russia ku Caucasus ndi Kuban. Akatswiri a Paleoanthropologist amatsimikizira kuyamba kwa gawo lathu ndi gawo loyamba la zaka 2 miliyoni zapitazo. Mitundu yambiri ya chilengedwe Homo sapiens inapezeka m'dera lathu pafupi zaka 45,000 zapitazo. Mwamwayi, iwo amene akufuna kuyamba kuwerengera Chirasha kuti ndi a Neanderthal omwe ali ndi tsitsi labwino ndi maso a buluu panobe.

Koma nthawi imene mafuko ena a Asilavo (pozungulira zaka za m'ma 500 BC) adawonekera pa gawo la Ulaya la Russia masiku ano amaonedwa kuti ndi oyenerera pachiyambi cha mbiri yakale ya Russia. Mwa mayanjano achibale awo ndi mayina a ndakatulo: Slovene, Krivichi, Merya, Chud, ndi zina zotero, amayesa kusankha imodzi kapena angapo potsata mphamvu zamtsogolo, makamaka dzina la Ross mtundu, kapena Rusich.

Ena amati maphunziro oyamba a boma la Russia ndi ofanana ndi chiwerengero cha zaka m'mizinda yakale kwambiri ku Russia : Novgorod anakhala Rurik ndipo anali kale Wamkulu.

Ndipo komabe, mfundo yoyamba yomveka bwino idzawonekera mtsogolo.

Kuitana kwa Varangians (zaka 882) - zaka 1134

Ndilo chizindikiro cha nthawi ino chomwe chimayesedwa kukhala choyambirira kwa yankho lolondola kapena losakwanira ku funso la zaka zingati Russia yakhalapo. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, mabanja angapo a Asilavic, Baltic ndi Finno-Ugric adatumiza nthumwi zawo kudziko la nkhondo la Avarangi ndi pempho loti asankhe pakati pa mtsogoleri wawo amene angathe kutsogolera mgwirizanowu ndi kuusandutsa dziko limodzi. Munthu wotereyu anakhala Kalonga wamkulu wa Varangian Rurik - yemwe anayambitsa ufumu woyamba kulamulira ku Russia.

Olowa m'malo ake anaphatikizidwa ku chuma chawo, chomwe chili pafupi ndi Novgorod ndi m'chigawo chakumtunda cha Volga, komwe kumadera akumwera kwa Slavs komwe kuli likulu la Kiev. Zimakhulupirira kuti izi zinathetsa mapangidwe a dziko loyamba la Russia. Izi zinachitika mu 882 chaka.

Msonkhano wapangidwe umenewu ukhoza kuonedwa kuti ndi nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Vladimir Svyatoslavich, momwe Orthodoxy (988) ndi Yaroslav anzeru anakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zinayambitsa malamulo oyambirira - Choonadi cha Russia (1016). Russia adapeza zizindikiro zambiri za dziko limodzi.

Koma chifukwa cha mantha achikunja, zizindikiro izi zinatayika, monga chifukwa cha Rus omwe anagawanika mu maere angapo, ndipo kenako anatayika konse ufulu wake, kuti awonongeke Golden Horde.

Tsar Ivan IV woopsa (1547) - 469 zaka

Pamene Ivan The Terrible adalandira dzina la Tsar la Russia yense, zinaonekeratu kuti dziko latsopano la Russia linawonekera pa mapu a dziko lapansi ndi malo atsopano - Moscow. Ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi maphunziro apitalo mu kukula, nkhondo ndi mphamvu zandale, mphamvu ya mayiko padziko lonse ndi boma la monolithic. Mawu akuti "Russia" agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa dzina la dzikolo.

Kenaka kunabwera vuto lina ladziko, lomwe linayesedwa m'mavuto a Time of Troubles ndipo lotsatirali kutaya ufulu wodzisankhira, panthawiyi ku Poland. Utsitsimutso watsopano wa Russia unayamba ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufumu wa Romanov (1613) ndipo unatha mu nthawi ya Peter Wamkulu.

Ufumu wa Russia (1721) - zaka 295

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Kumpoto, Tsar Peter Wamkulu adapanga udindo wa Mfumu Yoyamba ya All-Russian and Father of the Fatherland. Tsamba latsopano linayamba m'mbiri ya Russia, dziko latsopano linakhazikitsidwa. Nthawi yomwe yadutsa kuchokera nthawi imeneyo ndi yowonjezera yankho la funso la zaka za dziko la Russia. Ilo linali dzina lovomerezeka chotero lomwe linalandira ufumu waukulu.

Mbiri ya ulamuliro wa Russia inagonjetsedwa mu February 1917, pambuyo pake boma lopanda kalepo, Republican Republic, linafika pamtunda. Anayesedwa kuti apange boma la Russia masiku ano: Mwachizoloŵezi, mphamvu ya Bolsheviks yogonjetsa mphamvu inali yopanda chilolezo, koma inkawoneka yopanda phindu mu mthunzi wa Soviet Union.

Mtundu wa mtundu watsopano wa USSR (1922) - zaka 94

Poyamba Party ya Chikomyunizimu inadzipatula kwambiri kuyambira kale, popanda kuganiza zaka zingapo za Russia, kulengeza kuti dziko la Soviet likhale lopangidwa kale. Izi, komabe, sizinalepheretse akatswiri kuti azitsatira zitsanzo zolimbikitsa za anthu achikulire m'mbiri yakale ya Russia , yomwe nthawi zambiri inkafunidwa pafupifupi mbiri yonse ya Soviet.

Ndipo pakati pa ndale zamakono za ku Russia pali ambiri omwe amawona mawonekedwe abwino a boma ku USSR, akulozera zomwe iye achita ndipo akuwona chifukwa chachikulu cha kugwa kwake mwa zoopsa zamitundu yachilendo.

Russian Federation (1991) - zaka 25

Ndi zaka zingati za Russia? Dziko la Russia lero, ngati likumva likulekanitsidwa ndi mbiri yakale, lidzakhala pa nthawi yaying'ono ndi mwana wamng'ono, amene amachotsedwa mu nthawi yamtendere, yodalirika, kenako nkukhala ndi tsogolo labwino, kenako nkukhala mu ufulu waukulu, ndikulowa mu ufumu waukulu. Chinthu chachikulu - osati kusweka.