Ndi demokalase zimene: kudziwa

demokalase ndi chiyani? Iwo chimazungulira kutanthauzira lonse la ndale masiku ano ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko. Ambiri maphwando chitsutso kwasanduka kunditsutsa mzake chosowa demokalase. World limati ndi ena kulamulira mfundo ndi oponderezedwa. The apogee wa kupambana onse demokalase m'zaka za m'ma XX mochedwa anali lingaliro odziwika bwino American nzeru zapamwamba ndale Francis Fukuyama za mapeto a nthawi. Malinga ndi anzeru nthawi yathu, pambuyo kugwa maiko zapamwamba a msasa zokomera ndi kunyamuka kwa malo chikale Maoist China kunapezeka kuti mfundo owolowa manja (kutanthauza, kaŵirikaŵiri kuzindikiridwa ndi demokalase) ndi chimbuzi cha chitukuko cha chitukuko anthu. Democracy mu Russia ano, zomwe m'malo wakale lamulo utsogoleri dongosolo, ndi, maganizo ake, umboni bwino za izo. Chopindulitsa zina iye sakanakhoza kupereka kapena monarchical kapena lopondereza ankhanza, makamakanso pofuna atsogoleri kum'mawa achipembedzo kuti akhazikitse ulamuliro Chisilamu.

Kodi demokalase. imachokera

Kubadwa kwa zodabwitsazi ndi zimachitika dongosolo la ndale za Greek mzinda-malamulo, maboma amene anasankhidwa molemekeza chinsinsi pakati pa nzika za mzinda uwu. Akuluakulu (mwachitsanzo, Areopagi, boule, nsonga archons, etc.) Kawirikawiri osankhidwa ya nyengo yochepa ya anazindikira mamembala amatha ammudzi. Zinali ku Greece ndi chidwi njira wakale cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kudzitengera mphamvu. Pamene wina nzika olemera kapena akuluakulu monga udindo wapamwamba anali kukhala zamphamvu kwambiri ndi kuopseza mfundo zokomela a boma, wopereka ndondomeko otchedwa oletsedwa - "cherepkovaniya" pamene molemekeza chinsinsi ntchito shards wa munthu wopondereza kuthekera kuti anachotsedwa mzinda kwa zaka khumi. Ndi kuchepa kwa Agiriki akale, zimene akwanitsa zambiri anatola Latins, kulenga wamphamvu boma la Roma. Iwo anapeza mfundo za demokalase. Kumeneko anabadwa pafupi masiku mfundo nzika, komanso mu nthawi ya Republic, kulekana kwa mphamvu. Ndipo, ndithudi, kusankha.

demokalase chiri. nthawi yatsopano

Ndi kugwa kwa Rome ndipo kukondweretsa anthu wakunja ku Ulaya zinthu zina zambiri, kuphatikizapo a chikhalidwe ndale, watayika kwa zaka. Kulambira magulu wamkulu wa asilikali komanso asilikali awo ku akunjawo zinasintha mwayi otengera kwa achepetse achifumu ndi mabanja mfulu, amene anali mbadwa za osankhika yomweyo asilikali. Kumene anakumbukira anthu kuti ndi demokalase, koma ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi anzeru a masiku ano: Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, ndi ena ambiri. Imodzi ya mphindi zikuluzikulu za chitukuko cha dziko makono Wamkulu French kuukira boma la 1789 pamene kale angawauze anali woyamba kuponya mu dziko la mfumu ndiponso anthu Iye yekha ankalengeza wapamwamba mphamvu amakhala. Ndithudi, palibe kuchiritsidwa clover mwamsanga pambuyo pake. Patsogolo anali akadali amavutika ndi zimene padziko lonse, koma zotsatirazi atumwi, chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi makumi awiri, inali nthawi ya zonena zonse za anthu ndi ufulu ndi kumasulika.

Democracy: ubwino ndi kuipa

Mfundo lamulo ndi inviolability wa munthu potsiriza anatsimikizira mu chi ganizo zandale ndiponso. Komabe, kupatula zinthu zofunika yaikulu, demokalase adakali otsutsa ambiri, molondola likusonyeza zolephera zingapo ake. The sangathe zazikulu pogwiritsa umatheka kale wofunika. The bwino chilengedwe kusankha boma, ndithudi, ndi chiphunzitso chitsimikizo kuti anthu akhoza kusankha njira zawo za chitukuko. Komabe, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti si zonse za anthu dziko likadali mu maphunziro ake ndi kuzindikira kayendedwe monga ndale wonse, mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dzikolo, mgwirizano wa mayiko ndi zina zotero. Imeneyi, izo zingatanthauze kusankha zolakwika ambiri nzika.