Ndi automatism mtima chiyani? mtima automaticity

Kodi pa automatism za mtima? Yankho la funso umenewu uli Nkhani pansipa. Komanso, muli mfundo pa kuyan'anila za zotsatira thanzi la munthu kugwirizana ndi mfundo zatchulidwazi.

ndi automatism mtima chiyani?

Minofu ulusi mu anthu angathe kuchita kuchepetsa zimachitika zosasangalatsa kenako sequentially kusamutsa izo mu kuchepetsa dongosolo minofu. Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti akutali mtima minofu akhoza mosadalira kupanga chisangalalo ndi kupanga contractions rhythmic. Luso limeneli limatchedwa automatism mtima.

Zimayambitsa automaticity mtima

Kumvetsa zimene ndi automatism mtima, zikhoza kukhala ku zotsatirazi. The mtima amatha yeniyeni kupanga ndi zimachitika magetsi, kenako kuchitsatira kwa nyumba akulu.

Sinoatrial mfundo - limodzi peysmekerskih maselo yoyamba (munali 40% mitochondria mwachisawawa ili myofibrils, palibe T-dongosolo limapangidwa ambiri ufulu kashiamu ndi bwino anayamba sarcoplasmic maukonde) ili pa khoma lamanja la aakulu vena cava, pa confluence a atrium bwino .

Chosakhalitsa atrioventricular mfundo za mtundu wachiwiri aumbike mwa maselo kuchititsa zikhumbo ku mfundo sinoatrial, koma m'mikhalidwe wapadera akhoza mosadalira kupanga ndi mlandu magetsi. maselo Transitional muli mitochondria ochepa (20-30%) ndi myofibrils penapake lalikulu kuposa poyamba selo dongosolo. Atrioventricular mfundo ili mu interatrial septum adalira ndi kunditumiza ku malemeredwe mtengo ndi miyendo mtolo nthambi chipika (mitochondria muli 20-15%).

Purkinje ulusi ndi gawo lina lotsatira kulanda malemeredwe. Iwo kuwonjezera pafupifupi pa partitions pakati kuchokera ziwiri chipika mtolo nthambi. Maselo amenewa muli mitochondria pafupifupi 10%, amapanga kwambiri ofanana ndi ulusi minofu mtima.

Maonekedwe mowiriza ya zimachitika magetsi amapezeka maselo peysmekerskih sinoatrial mfundo, zomwe potentiates yoweyula malemeredwe zolimbikitsa kumenyedwa 60-80 mphindi. Iye ndi dalaivala woyamba dongosolo. Ndiyeno panabuka mafunde imafalikira kwa wachiwiri ndi wachitatu conductive mlingo dongosolo. Iwo akhoza kunyamula onse malemeredwe timaganiza ndi paokha kupangira kuchepetsa mafurikwense m'munsi. Dalaivala wa mlingo wachiwiri patapita mfundo nkusani atrioventricular, okhoza kulenga awo 40-50 mphindi kukha, pakalibe ntchito ochepetsera wa mfundo nkusani. Komanso malemeredwe imafalikira kwa kapangidwe ka ndi mtolo Ake omwe imabereka kumenyedwa 30-40 mphindi, ndiye wakusunga magetsi ukufika ndi mtolo wa miyendo yake (25-30 cpm) ndi dongosolo Purkinje CHIKWANGWANI (20 nyemba pa mphindi) ndipo alowa ntchito ena a minofu ya myocardium ndi .

Childs zikhumbo ku sinoatrial mfundo luso palokha kupondereza ntchito magetsi a nyumba chimapangitsa. Ngati kusokonezedwa ntchito za lamulo loyamba la dalaivala, ntchito yake pa maulalo kudzachitika-ataima pansipa dongosolo conduction.

mankhwala zako zofunika mtima automaticity

ndi automatism za mtima mawu zimapangidwira chiyani? Pa mlingo maselo, maziko yatsoka palokha mlandu magetsi (kanthu kuthekera) pa nembanemba ndi peysmekerskih maselo pamaso otchedwa impulsatora. ntchito yake (mtima ntchito automatism) Amakhala wa magawo atatu.

Magawo a impulsatora:

• 1 gawo kukonzekera (superoxide ndi mogwirizana kwa mpweya ndi phospholipids ndithu mlandu pa khungu nembanemba pamwamba peysmekerskoy izo amapeza mlandu zoipa, limapereka lingathe kupumula);
• 2 gawo potaziyamu ndi sodium wochuluka zoyendera yogwira, imene woyang'anira kunja kwa selo amakhala wofanana 30 MW;
• gawo 3 kulumpha electrochemical - kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwaiye pa yobwezeretsanso mitundu zotakasika mpweya (mpweya ionized ndi hydrogen peroxide) ntchito michere catalase ndi superoxide dismutase. Zinapangitsa mphamvu quanta kuwonjezeka biocapacity pacemaker kuti chimachititsa angathe kuchitapo kanthu.

MASANKO zimachitika kupoletsa maselo - pacemakers kwenikweni zimachitika zinthu kukhalapo chokwanira mpweya maselo, amene aperekedwa thereto erythrocytes inflowing magazi.

Kuchepetsa ntchito kapena tsankho kutha kwa ntchito magawo chimodzi kapena zingapo impulsatora dongosolo akuphwanya anavomera maselo ntchito peysmekerskih, kuchititsa arrhythmia. Letsani imodzi mwa njira ya dongosolo amachititsa mwadzidzidzi mtima kumangidwa. Pozindikira kuti automatism ngati a mtima, tikhoza kumvetsa ndi ndondomeko.

Mphamvu ya mantha dongosolo autonomic kwa minofu mtima

Kuwonjezera pa kuphunzira zawo kupanga zikhumbo magetsi, ntchito ya mtima umalamulidwa ndi chizindikiro kwa minofu innervating wachifundo ndi parasympathetic mitsempha pa kulephera omwe mwina kusokoneza mtima automaticity.

Mmene gulu wachifundo kufulumizitsa mtima, ali wapaulendoyo. Wachifundo innervation ali ndi HIV chronotropic, inotropic, dromotropic kwenikweni.

Mu kanthu ofala dongosolo parasympathetic mantha , deceleration depolarization maselo peysmekerskih (ochepetsera kanthu), choncho liwiro la kugunda kwa mtima (zoipa chronotropic kanthu), ndi madutsidwe kuchepa mkati mtima (zoipa dromotropic zochitika), kuchepa mphamvu systolic chidule (zoipa inotropic zochitika), koma kumatheka excitability za mtima (zabwino batmotroponoe kanthu). yotsirizira nazonso unatenga kuphwanya mtima automaticity ntchito.

Zimayambitsa mtima automatism

1. M'mnyewa wamtima ischemia.
2. Kutupa.
3. Kuledzera.
4. Violation bwino sodium, potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium.
5. Mahomoni kukanika.
6. Kuphwanya mphamvu ya yoyenda yokha mathero wachifundo ndi parasympathetic.

Mitundu ya arrhythmias chifukwa kuyan'anila za automaticity za mtima

1. Nkusani tachy ndi bradycardia.
2. Kupuma (mnyamata wamkulu) arrhythmia.
3. Extrasystole arrhythmia (nkusani, matenda, atrioventricular, yamitsempha yamagazi).
4. Paroxysmal tachycardia.

Kusiyanitsa arrhythmia chifukwa matenda conduction automaticity ndi reentry kupanga mafunde (reentry yoweyula) mu umodzi kapena kutchula ziwalo za mtima, chifukwa ndi fibrillation kapena matenda flutter.

Yamitsempha yamagazi fibrillation - mmodzi wa ambiri arrhythmias moyo pachiswe, yomwe ndi chotsatira cha mwadzidzidzi mtima kumangidwa ndi imfa. The njira yabwino kwambiri ya mankhwala - magetsi uyambenso.

Pomaliza

Choncho ankaona, kodi automatism mtima, kumvetsa zimene kuyan'anila zitheka vuto la matenda. Zimenezi, limachititsa nkhondo njira matenda bwino ndi othandiza kwambiri.