Automaticity wa mtima wa munthu tanthauzo, maonekedwe, mayunitsi ndi masinthidwe amtundu

Mtima automaticity akuimira rhythmic chidule thupi pansi zochita za nyemba zikuchitika momwemo popanda zikuchitika mayankho ochokera kunja. Automaticity ndi chibadidwe thupi lonse ndi zina, koma osati minofu mtima. Pali umboni wa zodabwitsazi - thupi rhythmic wa nyama ndi anthu mabala kutali ndi zonse ndipo anapanga kunja kwa thupi.

Madalaivala mlingo Choyamba

Kudziwa tanthauzo ndi automata mtima, chinapezeka kuti zilakolako mitsempha ikhoza kupangidwa mu atypical maselo m'mnyewa wamtima. Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, ndondomeko izi zimachitika pafupi ndi mfundo sinoatrial chifukwa kusiyana katundu selo ndi kapangidwe ka zigawo zina structural. Iwo anakonza mu magulu, ndi mawonekedwe a spindle, ndipo amacheza ndi lamina woyambira. Dzina lachiwiri la maselo amenewa - madalaivala a mlingo Choyamba (pacemakers). njira kuwombola zimachitika pa liwiro lalitali, pachifukwa ichi metabolites kukhala madzimadzi interstitial popanda chokhwima.

Komanso, makhalidwe a zotsatirazi:

• Koma mkulu permeability kuti kashiamu ndi sodium wochuluka ayoni.
• A zochepa za kuthekera Kakhungu.

Chifukwa cha kusiyana mu ndende ya soda ndi potaziyamu anasonyeza ntchito pang'ono ukugwirira ntchito mpope ndi sodium-potaziyamu.

Automaticity za mtima

Ndithu nthawi yaitali mtima automaticity mapeto ankafufuza, ngakhale chidwi kuchuluka kwa maphunziro othandiza. Njira ligatures Stannius - amadziwika mkombero zatsopano ikuchitika pamaziko a kuchotsa mbali zina za chule mtima anakuta Mavalidwe. Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti thupi alipo pakati 2 automaticity osachepera.

Mmodzi wa iwo lili nkusani venous, facilitates aligning achidule chachiwiri - ndi mbali pakati pa ventricle ndi atria (limatchedwanso chobisika). ntchito yake akuyamba pokhapokha inathetsedwa 1 pakati. Minofu ya mtima, amene ali kutali ku malo ntchito onse - yafupika - paokha. Choncho, automaton a mumtima wa munthu, amagwirizana ndi zikhumbo wochokera malo.

Methodology Landergorfa

Pofuna kuchepetsa anawamasulira kunja kwa mtima wa thupi, njira Landergorfa. tanthauzo ili:

1. Mtima unadulidwa ndi kumanga ndi cannula mu msempha, chimene chikugwirizana chiwiya cha galasi.
2. chotengera ladzala ndi njira Ringer a pamodzi ndi shuga, kapena mwina zidzawonjezedwa magazi defibrinated.
3. Njira yothetsera anali ladzala ndi mpweya ndi usavutike kutentha ena (za 48 madigiri Celsius).
4. Madzimadzi umayamba kuyenda opanikizika mu msempha kutseka valavu ndi madzi imatsogoleredwa mu mtsempha wamagazi inatsekeratu, ntchito imene - mphamvu ya chiwalo lonse.

Zikatero, thupi nyama, kapena munthu amatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, ichi ndi automaticity za mtima. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, inu mukhoza kubwerera ku nyemba za mtima, zimene kale anasiya maola angapo apitawo. Mu zaka za m'ma 20 koyamba kunapezeka kutsitsimutsa thupi la mwana, ndipo kenako okha anachira ntchito za mtima, amene si opareshoni pafupifupi 48 maola. Atayendetsa njira kudzera ziwiya mtima anali anakhalabe 15 maola.

Kufotokozera Makinawa Njira

automaticity wa mtima wa munthu umayamba ndi gawo diastole ya mawonetseredwe ake - wa sodium wochuluka mu gulu selo. Kakhungu angathe Choncho achepetsa, amamuchititsa mtengo wa msinkhu osachepera depolarization. Yafupika kuyang'anira Kakhungu, ndipo amayamba depolarization wozengereza diastole. njira Open kwa kashiamu ndi sodium wochuluka ndi kusala madzi depolarization gawo, ayoni amayamba anatsogoza ku selo. Chifukwa cha lamulo limeneli, choyamba mwadzidzidzi amachepetsa nufikira ziro, ndiye achepe m'malo. Sodium amasuntha mpaka mgwirizano kukufika pa ayoni ake (electrochemical).

Apo pakubwera m'dera gawo. Pali gulu la calcium. mtima minofu amakhalabe nonexcitability pakadali pano. Akafike mgwirizano zogwirizana ayoni gawo malekezero ndi repolarization zikachitika, kutanthauza nembanemba kuyang'anira kubwerera ku mlingo pachiyambi.

Mfundo mtima automaticity

A malo apadera mu ndondomeko zovuta zatenga malo mtima automaticity. dongosolo loyamba amatchedwa mfundo sinoatrial. dalaivala ameneyu ndi mlingo woyamba-dongosolo, amene amaonetsetsa mlingo yachibadwa mtima. Lili pafupi confluence a aakulu vena cava. akuphatikizapo - ochepa ulusi mtima minofu ndi mathero ubongo. chachiwiri kuti mfundo wotchedwa mfundo atrioventricular. Izi ndi dalaivala zobisika za mlingo wachiwiri dongosolo. Lili ndi lachitatu kuti maselo mfundo yamitsempha yamagazi conduction dongosolo.

madalaivala onse kuthandiza m'munsi kuti mlingo mlingo mlingo ulamuliro, ngati pali wathunthu chipika mtima. Pafupipafupi mlingo yamitsempha yamagazi likuyandikira mlingo osachepera, ndi odwala anapatsa pacemaker mtundu magetsi, i.e. ndi pacemaker yokumba.

Zikamera angathe

sinoatrial mfundo angakwanitse ku matalikidwe ochiritsira pa - 50 MV. Mu Zoyenereza yachibadwa boma kuwonekera pa mfundo chifukwa kukhalapo kwa maselo ndi madalaivala a mlingo woyamba dongosolo. Mbali zotsala za mtima pansi zinthu zina komanso kupanga zikhumbo mitsempha pamene nzothandiza zina, komanso kuzimitsa kuti poyamba. Choncho, m'badwo wa nyemba mu dongosolo mfundo yachiwiri (Kangati za nthawi 60 / Mph). Pa kukondoweza pa maselo mfundo mtolo wa ake ali okondwa, pafupipafupi amachepetsa 30 (mlingo madalaivala lachitatu dongosolo).

The kanthu kuthekera kwa pacemakers onse mwachindunji njila kwa Kakhungu permeability mkulu kashiamu ndi sodium wochuluka ayoni, ndi kuchepetsa permeability wa ayoni potaziyamu.

masinthidwe amtundu automaticity

Automaticity wa mtima pansi zinthu zachilendo mbali zonse za dongosolo ndi kuletsedwa sinoarterialnym mfundo "amalowerera" mungoli yake. Pachifukwa ichi, zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse za dongosolo ndi mungoli yake amangidwanso ntchito mu mayendedwe chomwecho. Masinthidwe amtundu mtima automaticity - chodabwitsa amene amachepetsa mphamvu kuti automaticity monga mtunda kuchokera malo generalization nyemba, i.e. ndi mfundo za lamulo loyamba.

Iwo akadali osadziwika chimene chimayambitsa kusintha mwadzidzidzi pa mlandu wa khungu, limapezeka zokha. Automaticity a mtima mwina zokhudza zili acetylcholine mu madalaivala a mungoli. Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chodabwitsa ndi chifukwa peculiarities wa kagayidwe mu maselo a dalaivala, chimene chikhoza kusintha mkhalidwe wa nembanemba pamwamba.