Ndakatulo Nikolai Mayorov: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Iwo anali a m'badwo makumi anai ndipo anapita mu mbiri monga alakatuli kuyambira, amene talente imawonongeka ankhanza nkhondo: Mikayeli Kulchytsky, Pavel Kogan, Vsevolod Bagritsky, Boris Bogatkov ... Kodi moyo miyezi ingapo zaka 23 ndipo Nikolay Petrovich Mayorov, mlembi wa ndakatulo wotchuka m'malo mwa m'badwo lonse - "Ife".

Yambani yonena

makolo awo - obadwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo ziwiri: boma tsarist ndi kulipanga kuzibweretsa moto zakale First World nkhondo, utasintha ndi Civil nkhondo. Iwo atawira tsogolo labwino ndipo ana chikhulupiriro anaperekedwa. Nikolai Mayorov, amene yonena ndi limodzi kuchokera ku mbiriyakale ya dziko, anabadwa mu kalasi banja ntchito mu May 1919. kumene anabadwira - m'mudzi waung'ono Durovka Simbirsk. banja anali kudutsa pa ulendo wake ku chigawo cha Vladimir, malo mwa bambo ake. Koma mu m'badwo wa khumi ndi makolo ake ndi abale, anasamukira Ivanovo, pamene Petro Maksimovic nyumba pa 1 Aviation msewu.

Pamene ndinali kuwerenga pa sukulu nambala 33, Nikolai anapezeka bwalo zolembalemba ndi ankadziwika monga wolemba ndakatulo yabwino ya sukulu. Mu umodzi wa m'mabuku ake pamanja anasunga fanizo Nikolaya Sheberstova m'tsogolo kukhala wojambula wotchuka. Kuti anzake kenako particles anasonkhana ndakatulo a ndakatulo iyi ndi kubwezeretsedwa yonena tsamba, chifukwa iwo anali kukhulupirira mwa luntha lake wosatsutsika.

sukulu nyimbo

Malinga ndi anzake, mu zaka sukulu Nikolai Mayorov manyazi pamene anatchula ndakatulo ndi. Anthu, Komano, adaseleula motere naye pafupi ndi gulu lonse kubwera ku yamabuku, ku pamaso pake chidwi wogulitsa, ngati buku la ndakatulo wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Nikolai Mayorov anabwera. Kumvetsa cholinga chake, mnyamatayo anatumiza woyamba zinachitikira ndakatulo mu Moscow, mu yosindikiza olimba. "Zabodza" Anamupatsanso kudzudzula, kuwunika chuma anatumiza m'njira zambiri. Today kufufuza ngati palibe amene amachita, ndiyeno anali lofunika.

Poyankha, izo mlandu umphawi wa mawu ndi achipongwe bwino ankavala. Ine ndikudabwa ngati mkonzi anadziwa kuti akumana khumi ndi zitatu mnyamata, osati munthu wamkulu? Mu 1960, mlongo Mihaila Kulchitskogo atatu oyamba pamanja m'mabuku Mayorov adzakhala anaulura, pamene owerenga limapezeka sukulu ntchito a ndakatulo iyi. Izi Buku la "maenje" imene amazembera ulosi chisoni yekha, mini-ndakatulo ndi nthano, kale akulankhula za zosiyanasiyana Mitundu, ndi mawu kugwirizana ndi ndakatulo yoyamba chikondi ndi kabuthu "Moscow msewu."

mapangidwe

Buku lachitatu wa Moscow nthawi, pamene Nikolai Mayorov anayamba kuphunzira pa Moscow State University. Iye analembetsa mu 1937 pa mphamvu ya History, ndipo ena odziwika anaphunzira mabwalo achinyamata Boris Slutsky Mikhail Lukonin, David Samoilov, amene anapanga woyamba bwalo zolembalemba. Analemba mosangalala wophunzira History mphamvu yomweyo anazindikira kuti iye ndi zambiri tikukupemphani kuwerenga ndakatulo kutsogolo kwa wophunzira omvera adamkondera yomweyo dyera.

kupambana ouziridwa wolemba, ndipo mu 1939 anayamba kuphunzira yopezeka pa Institute of Literature, kupezeka ndakatulo msonkhano Pavla Antokolskogo, wotchuka Soviet ndakatulo. Amene anaphunzira naye yofanana Michael Kulchytsky kusiya kukumbukira zomwe adzaitana mnzake "mtanda", ndi miyeso yolinganizira Nonse ankalalikira. Wake woyamba ndakatulo kusindikiza fakitale nyuzipepala ya Moscow State University, nakhalabe buku yekha lofalitsidwa ntchito Mayorov mu moyo.

The nkhondo Chifinishi

M'bale mkulu Nikolai Mayorov Aleksey anatumikira mu ndege. Ndipo mu 1938, iye anakhala mboni imfa ya ndege kunja kwa mzinda wa Ivanov. Iwo m'manda pamodzi ndi maulemu pa kuika malo manda tombstone wononga inaonongeka ndege. Nicholas kuti "kukumbukira iwo amatenga lokwererapo," analemba ndakatulo zodabwitsa, amene pamodzi ndi makani za unzika ndi poetizirovaniem nkhondo anaonekera cholembedwa cha imfa oyambirira msilikali.

mnzake wa Ivanovo, Vladimir Zhukov afika pa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba, akutengedwa ndi Finland nkhondo. World wayamba kale ndipo zasonyeza tanthauzo lake lenileni, kubweretsa imfa ndi mavuto. Zhukov anavulala, pambuyo kuchipatala ndi abwenzi akhala akunena zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudza zimene ziri monga kuchititsa umalimbana moto pa mdani, kumva mantha anamenyana ndi kupulumuka bala, kalekale wolemala. Ngakhale ndiye, Nikolai Mayorov, amene ndakatulo pa pokonzekera kupha oyambirira anaona kuunika, anazindikira kuti sangathe kupewa mu kampani m'tsogolo, mfuti.

ndimakukondani

Imasonkhezera ndakatulo iyi anali mnzakeyo lake Irina Ptashnikov amene kumulakalaka zinthu zofukulidwa sikuloledwa kulumikiza miyoyo yawo chikondi. Pambuyo chaka choyamba, iwo analota kuti akwatire, koma Irina anapita ulendo wa zofukula m'mabwinja mu Khorezm. Creative chikhalidwe kumvetsa zinali zovuta, ndipo Nikolai Mayorov analemba olimbikitsa ndakatulo, "Inu", amene anaika Irina pa malo chachiwiri pambuyo ndakatulo. Irina sadzakhululukira boyish wokonda, ndipo iwo anayamba sakukondananso.

ophunzira anzathu kumvetsa kuti aŵiri amphamvu, kuteteza ufulu wodzilamulira, kumanga ubale kovuta. Koma iwo kukhala mabwenzi mpaka otsiriza, ndi kuchokera kutsogolo, Nikolai analemba kalata, ndipo usiku wa yokumbukira mkazi akuwerenga ndi mtima chiwerengero chachikulu cha ndakatulo yake, zomwe zambiri anathera ake.

The Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a nkhondo, kuyembekezera ndi kuchisonyeza ndi chiyambi cha makumi anai ndi, Moscow wophunzira anatumizidwa kukumba odana thanki ngalande pa Yelnya. Bwalo lonse zolembalemba amamuchititsa kutsogolo, ndipo mu September, Nikolai Mayorov, amene yonena tsogolo adzakhala chosiyana ndi yonena za abwenzi, kupita Ivanovo kubwera kwa asilikali yolembetsera ofesi. Pambuyo kudutsa mwambo wa mwamsanga October, adzakhala usilikali mu Red Army.

Anamuika wothandizira kapitawo ndale, iye adzakhala gawo la nambala mfuti kampani 331 oyenda Division, kuchita nawo nkhondo pa Smolensk dziko.

Imfa ya ndakatulo iyi

About Rzhev-Vyazma ntchito m'nyengo yozizira ya 1942 kwa nthawi yaitali anayesa osanenapo. machenjerero zolawula wa Red Army sanali zimam'pindulira, ndi kumizidwa mu magazi a zikwi asilikali ndi alonda dzina malo Rzhev "chigwa cha imfa". The makumi digiri chisanu kwa miyezi oyenda Regiment, amene anali Nikolay Petrovich Mayorov unachitikira m'mudzi Barantsevo m'dera Smolensk. Pano pa 8 February anagwa wothandizira mlangizi ndale, amene manda kwa nthawi yaitali mbasowa.

Irina Ptashnikov anavutika kufunafuna zotsalira za mnzake, womwalirayo, monga kunapezeka, mu manda oikamo pamodzi ndi comrades zisanu ndi ziwiri. Kenako ophunzira ndewu mu wathuwu Karmanovskaya Chigawo reburied mu Karmanovo, kumene iwo analenga chikumbutso chamadzulo.

cholowa

Nikolai Mayorov - mmodzi wa olemba ndakatulo amene ndakatulo sanali kudziwika kwa anthu wamba moyo wake, koma iye anakhala kamwa ya m'badwo. bwenzi lake Vladimir Zhukov za ndakatulo zake asindikizidwe m'nyuzipepala m'derali ndipo mu 1962 anatulutsa zosonkhanitsira lotchedwa "Ife", pang'ono pang'ono kusonkhanitsa chokumbukira abwenzi ndi anzake. Nikolai Mayorov, amene ntchito asanamvetsetse mpaka tsopano, anapereka matumba ndi mipukutu adayikidwa ndi mmodzi wa mabwenzi ake. Mwatsoka, iwo sanapeze mpaka tsopano. Kale mu 2013, ntchito oyambirira anazipeza Archive (RGALI), koma kuti mbali yaing'ono chabe linalembedwa ndi mlembi. ndakatulo wake "ziboliboli" ndi "banja" zimasungika yekha mu zidutswa.

Nikolai Mayorov ndakatulo za nkhondo kapena kani, za Poyembekezera ake m'malo mwa "ife-m'badwo" ali pamwamba pa ntchito zabwino, pamodzi ndi ntchito ya Konstantin Simonov ndi dzina lake Aleksandr Tvardovsky, Anny Ahmatovoy ndi Olgi Berggolts. Atamwalira, iye anadzakhala membala wa bungwe la Writers ', limene palokha ndi mfundo wapadera. Street dzina lake mu Ivanovo, ndi chikumbutso 70 la Chigonjetso Karmanovskaia pasukulu anapambana bwino kudziwika ndi dzina la ndakatulo kwambiri. Nikolai Mayorov, monga anati P. Antokolsky kosatha kukumbukira anthu adzakhala wamng'ono, monga mizere wake:

"Tinali mkulu wa brown tsitsi.
Mukuwerenga m'mabuku, monga nthano ndi,
Za anthu amene alowa popanda dolyubiv,
Sanamalize ndudu ake otsiriza. "