Mwezi otchulidwa mu Antarctica. Kutentha mu mwezi Antarctic

Asayansi, ofufuza ndi olosera mwanthabwala otchedwa Antarctica "nyengo khitchini" kwa dziko lapansi. Akatswiri kupidziwa zinthu zambiri kapena zochepa nyengo kuyenda pafupi ndi South Pole Geographic. anthu wamba zambiri wosinkhasinkha: "Kodi Kumwera Arctic Circle ndi mwezi otchulidwa? Mu Antarctica pali ziro kutentha? ". Kumvetsa zimene zikuchitika "nyengo khitchini" si kophweka, apa chirichonse chiri mosiyana, osati monga mwa mayiko ena.

White Africa amakhala mosavuta

20-ntchentche za XIX m'ma kuli dziko pafupi Pole South asayansi amanena ndi apaulendo. Ambiri adakhulupirira wotchuka wofufuza John. Cook, anati m'madera sizingatheke kum'mwera kwa 71 ° S. yakumadzulo. Russian ulendo ku Antarctica mu "East" zombo ndi "Mtendere" January 20, 1820 anatsegula dziko wosadziwika, ngakhale zopinga zambiri akuluakulu. Patatha zaka 120, anayamba ulendo woyamba mu madzi Antarctic, panapita zaka 50 chitukuko cha malo atsopano alendo.

Mazana a adventurers wotumidwa chaka ku Africa woyera. Maulendo ndi maulendo imachitika mu nthawi yabwino kwambiri kwa chaka cha Kumwera kwa dziko lapansi. "Ndipo kodi mwezi otchulidwa mu Antarctica?" - anazunguzika kusangalala anthu wamba. Ndithudi, zonse ankaphunzitsa ku sukulu nyengo ya mayiko kum'mwera, kumene yozizira athu - zimenezi m'chilimwe. Kunena chimodzimodzi chimene mwezi ndi bwino kwa ulendo ku Pole South, ambiri amavutika.

Antarctica ndi Arctic - zotsutsana awiri

Mwachidule pa terminology lawolawo. dzina lake chofunika lidzaponyedwe kum'mwera kwa Arctic. Ichi ndi mawu a kumpoto M'madera a zitunda kumalo ozizira a Dziko Lapansi, chiyambi Greek, kwapatsidwa mwa udindo wa kuwundana Ursa Major. Weather pa MUTI North kwa nthawi yaitali anakhalabe chinsinsi, chifukwa njira ofufuza XVIII-XIX atumwi mpaka yokondedwa ndi ndondomeko 90 °. yakumadzulo. watsekedwa ndi madzi ozizira pa nyanja, ayezi ndi chipale chofewa.

Dera kum'mwera, popenyana ndi kumpoto dera kumalo ozizira, wotchedwa "Nyerere (s) Arctic", Africa - Antarctica. The Pole South pafupi ndi malo m'dzikoli. ndondomeko Geographical wa nkhaniyi - 90 ° S. yakumadzulo.

The kum'mwera ndi ozizira Africa

Nyengo nkhanza kum'mwera kumpoto 70 ° S. yakumadzulo. Ine akuti "subantarctic" ndi "Antarctic". Pa chaka, bwino kutenthetsa ufulu wa chisanu ndi matalala padziko m'madera pa gombe, mu oases lapansi. M'nyengo yozizira, pa gombe ndi mbali ya kumpoto Antarctic Peninsula kutentha ofanana ndi zone kozizira cha kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi (-10 kwa -40 ° C). M'chilimwe Antarctica, mungapeze zambiri za nthaka mwa zilumba za achisanu chete, kumene thermometer limatuluka pamwamba 0 ° C.

Nyengo ya Antarctica:

• Zima chimakhala cha June mpaka August ndi nthawi ozizira.
• Avereji ya July ranges kutentha pakati -65 ° ndi -75 ° C.
• Chilimwe kumayambira December zimatha mpaka February.
• The kutentha auka chokhala ku -50 kwa -30 ° C.
• Mwezi otchulidwa mu Antarctica - January.
• tsiku kumalo ozizira chimakhala cha September kwa March. Dzuwa ndi pamwamba m'chizimezime, wamphamvu Kutentha pamwamba.
• Pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi usiku watha, zounikira kung'anima wowala wa Aurora lapansi.

Nyengo m'madera kumtunda

Antarctica - kumtunda kumene zonse kuzipenya nyengo anayamba pasanafike pa mayiko kumene kuli anthu. mwapadera olosera nyengo mu zaka 50-60 m'mbuyomu ntchito deta analandira pa malo mu gawo chokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja a mu woyera. Madera ozizira - kum'mwera chakum'mawa, komwe kutentha avareji za -60 ° C. Zolemba malire kutentha m'chigawo "East" siteshoni ndi -13.6 ° C (16 December 1957). Pakuchitika kutentha kwa April kuti September - m'munsimu -70 ° C.

Nyengo pa Pole South pang'ono lililonse limatisokoneza, gawo ili la Africa kwambiri kwa gombe. Weather zambiri pa ntchito 90 ° S. yakumadzulo. kusonkhanitsa anthu ogwira ntchito siteshoni American "Amundsen - Scott," dzina lake ulemu "mwa madera kumalo ozizira a Napoleon" Norway Roald Amundsen ndipo anatulukira wina wa Pole South - England Robert Scott. Anakhazikitsidwa mu 1956, siteshoni pa Pole South ndipo pang'onopang'ono "yobwerera" kwa gombe. Antarctica ali mawonekedwe a mzikiti, ndi glacier pang'onopang'ono zithunzi pansi kuchokera pakati kuti m'mphepete, kumene zidutswa wake pansi yake yopuma kulemera, kugwera mu nyanja. M'nyengo yozizira ku siteshoni chigawo "Amundsen - Scott" thermometer likusonyeza -60 ° C, mu January si kugwa m'munsimu -30 ° C.

Nyengo ya ku Antarctica

M'chaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyanja ozungulira Africa kum'mwera, wotentha kwambiri kuposa m'madera chokhala. Pa Antarctic Peninsula kutentha mpweya December-February kuti +10 ° C. Wapakati January KUTENTHA +1,5 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, July zikutanthauza kutentha mwezi ndi adatchithisira kuti ° -8 pa gombe la Antarctic Peninsula kwa -35 ° C - mu madera ozungulira Ross glacier. Mmodzi wa nyengo anomalies kumtunda - ozizira katundu mphepo liwiro ukufika kumtunda 12-90 m / gawo (mphepo). Mvula kutentha monga mkulu Antarctica - chodabwitsa osowa. Makamaka chinyezi afika pa Africa mu mawonekedwe a chisanu.

Antarctica - "Mipikisano kumalo ozizira" Africa

"Pole wa Inaccessibility" - dzina anatulukira pa malo ake Russian kumalo ozizira. Soviet ulendo ku Antarctica ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi 82 TH zinachitikanso ovuta kwambiri kusuntha m'dera lamapiri m'dzikoli.

Kumtunda, pali "Pole wa Cold" - Ndi dera la kafukufuku wa Antarctic "Vostok" siteshoni, unakhazikitsidwa mu Soviet Union. Pali anawalemba mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo pansi ofotokoza ndi wotsikitsitsa mu mbiri ya kuzipenya nyengo kutentha mpweya: -89,2 ° C (1983).

Akatswiri ku US, onyamula deta Kanema, anayesa kutsutsana ndi "umboni" Russian siteshoni. America December 2013 inanena kuti malo ozizira pa Dziko Lapansi ndi m'dera la "Dome Fuji" siteshoni za thupi Japan. The osachepera mtheradi kutentha kwa Antarctica anali -91,2 ° C, amene tinazipeza mwa Kanema wa.

Antarctica - ndi zinachitika kwa "multipolar" dziko popanda malire ndi mtundu manja. Mayiko malamulo boma umayamba mu 1961. The kumtunda ndi gawo pafupi a m'nyanja simuli a States maphwando kuti pangano ndi mayiko akuona, iwo angakhoze kokha kugwira kafukufuku wa sayansi.

Kodi mu mwezi otchulidwa mu Antarctica ndi mu Arctic

Research North ndi mizati South, Africa woyera kum'mwera ndi ayezi mu Arctic nthawizonse wakhala gawo la wolimba mtima ndi odekha. Masiku ano m'dziko pali anthu ambiri amene anapita Antarctica zoposa nthawi 100. Ena kafukufuku, ena kupereka kugula, chitetezo kupereka thandizo kuchipatala.

Kuyenera yambiri amene kupitirira Antarctic Circle pofunafuna zokumana wosangalatsa. Tours ku Antarctica koyamba imaoneka mwayi chamgwiro. Ndipotu, flights onse, kusambira komanso maulendo ali okonzeka pa mlingo wapamwamba. Asayansi alangizi mulandu-kumalo ozizira ntchito m'zombo, ziwiya kafukufuku.

Peak "nyengo" mu zigawo kumalo ozizira

Kukwera mtengo kwa ndege kapena nyanja sitima ku North ndi South mizati, kukwera mtengo kwa bungwe Maulendo lekani ndi adventurers ano. Kuti tinene wotchuka kunena Mtsogoleri wa filimu "Opaleshoni" Y "ndipo Zopatsa ena Shurik." Tsopano ambiri zombo onyamula alendo "Pakuyenda" kozizira ndi Antarctic. Tsiku ili pafupi adzakhala zambiri. "Mkulu Nyengo" pa Pole South kumayambira December zimatha mpaka January. Panthawi imeneyi ubongo bwino akuunika dzuwa, pakubwera kutalika chilimwe.

Nyengo pa Pole North ndi wotentha kuposa mu South. Nyengo chimadaliranso yaing'ono kuweramira ngodya ya dzuwa pamwamba m'chizimezime, ndi chisanu kwambiri chimawala ndi mphamvu ayezi. Kutentha m'nyengo yozizira pakati pa December ndi February ndi m'chilimwe ku June kuti August ndi apamwamba kuposa mu Antarctic. Kutentha ambiri yozizira ku North Pole ndi -30 ° C. Amayambira m'firiji pamtunda (-26 ° C), kuzirala (-43 ° C). Wapakati chilimwe kutentha - za 0 ° C.

Kodi pali "mawanga woyera" mu Antarctica

M'badwo wa Apeza akatha zaka 20 Mu zaka zapitazo, S. V. Obruchev - mwana wa wasayansi, wapaulendo ndi wolemba V. A. Obrucheva ( "nthaka ya Siberia", "Sannikov Land"). SERGEY Obruchev ankafufuza otsiriza "mawanga woyera" kum'mawa Siberia ndi Chukotka. Ndi nthawi kuti mbali yaikulu ya Antarctica anali akadali bwino anamvetsa.

Pang'onopang'ono, ofufuza anapeza ayezi makulidwe ndi makhalidwe a mpumulo subglacial anasonkhana mwatsatanetsatane nyengo zambiri. Tatseka ya "mawanga woyera" pa Africa chimodzi, koma kum'mwera Africa kumalo ozizira akadali amasunga kwambiri zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi. Kwa apaulendo mwaphamphu mwezi otchulidwa mu Antarctica - chinthu chachilendo, mwayi kuona chosowa zinyama ndi kupanga zithunzi wapadera.

ngati ulendo oopsa kwa Kumwera Arctic Circle

Malipoti a chilichonse zosayembekezereka ndi malo ku Antarctica kuchitika, koma kawirikawiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku gombe ya Antarctic Peninsula tinatsekerezedwa mu ayezi wa Russian chotengera "Kapitan Khlebnikov" mu November 2009. Pakati okwera ake anali alendo ndi oyendetsa ku UK. Chifukwa wotseka zinthu zitsulo nyengo, koma mwamsanga pamene mafunde sitimayo anali wokhoza kuzemba "White ukapolo". Russian Chombo ndi alendo English ndi broadcasters anachita pa bolodi sitima m'dera la Nyanja Weddell (West Antarctica).

Map of Africa ndi Antarctic Peninsula, amapereka lingaliro la malo a nyanja, koma oyendetsa odziwa sangachitepo khoti pakati namkholowa. Mu December 2013 ayezi yobwerera anaimitsa Russian chotengera "Akademik Shokalsky". Apaulendo anasamutsidwa m'ngalawa ayezi Australia pa chiyambi cha January 2014.

Ulendo kwa Antarctica - gawo mkulu wa zikuwonjezereka masiku ano anapereka

Ofufuza mu Antarctica, Africa ndi oyenera gulu la cruises, kuyenda, galu sledding ndi zinthu zina panja. History of cruises nyanja ku Antarctic ali zaka zoposa 90. Mu 1920, eni akhama zapamadzi anayamba pa bolodi alendo woyamba amene akufuna umboni Africa woyera. Mtengo wa cruises ano ndi maulendo ena kugombe la Antarctica ndi Pole South ndi ku madola 5,000 40,000. Ulendo mtengo kumatengera zifukwa zambiri, osati chosafunikira udindo ankaimba ndi zovuta za njira, ulendo kuperekezedwa.