Mtima: icho chiri, zimayambitsa, zizindikiro zoyambirira, matenda ndi mankhwala. mitundu ya matenda a mtima

matenda a mtima pafupifupi mu malo oyamba mwa zimayambitsa imfa za m'mayiko ambiri. Mmodzi wa pathologies ambiri - vuto la mtima, mtundu wa matenda, chifukwa chirichonse, kukhala, ngati mungathe kuteteza matenda ndi mmene kuthandiza wodwalayo? mafunso onse awa yesani kuyankha mwatsatanetsatane.

Mtima - ndichiyani?

Popeza kuti ichi ndi chikhalidwe oopsa, podziwa pafupifupi chilichonse, koma limagwirira ndi zimayambitsa chidwi si nthawi zonse, koma m'pofunika kudziwa kuti kupewa matenda. Akutukuka kudwala mtima chifukwa cha matenda magazi a m'madera a minofu mtima.

kudwala umenewu umatchedwanso mawonekedwe a matenda a mitima. Ngati kusowa magazi akusokoneza yochulukirapo 15-20, pali necrosis a zimakhala wamoyo, amene anatsagana ndi ululu ndipo akhoza chakupha.

Cardiologists kuti anthu mwamuna ndi matenda a mtima zidzachitika zambiri, chifukwa wamkazi thupi esitirojeni ulamuliro milingo magazi mafuta. Ngati kale zaka pafupifupi ndi matenda a mtima ndi zaka 55-60, koma tsopano ndi ndi achinyamata. Matenda milandu matenda ngakhale achinyamata.

Osati nthawi zonse akuoneka mtima umatha zakupha anthu, koma m'pofunika kudziwa kuti zitachitika, nthaŵi zonse pa mtima kwa chilonda lakuti, odwala ambiri pambuyo akuvutika ndi matenda amenewa adzakhale chilema.

Kodi kukula kwa vuto la mtima

Mapangidwe ndi matenda a mtima ayamba kale kuonekera ake. Izo zonse akuyamba ndi mapangidwe mipukutuyi atherosclerotic amene anayamba kupanga mtsempha wa mafuta zoipa. The culprits maonekedwe ake mu magazi ndi zolakwika mu zakudya ndi moyo wongokhala. mipukutuyi pang'onopang'ono constrict mtima lumen, kusokoneza yachibadwa magazi.

Dongosololi pang'ono ndi pang'ono akukulirabe, mipukutuyi ndi a kukula kuti mavuto alionse pathological pa kumabweretsa chophukacho. Pa nthawi imeneyi, magazi kuundana, n'kupanga magazi aumirira, amene occludes chotengeracho, kuteteza magazi pochitika pa. Ndiko kulondola, ndondomeko izi zimachitika mu mtima pa vuto la mtima.

Zimayambitsa chitukuko matenda

Ngati inu kukhala vuto la mtima, zoyambitsa angakhale osiyana, koma ndicho kuletsa magazi kuti madera ena a minofu mtima. Iwo nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa:

• Atherosclerosis a mitsempha inatsekeratu, chifukwa malinga chotengera kutaya elasticity awo, lumen ndi mwapang'ono ndi zolengeza atherosclerotic.
• Inatsekeratu kuphipha, zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha nkhawa monga zotsatira kapena zinthu zina kunja.
• thrombosis wolumikizira, ngati zolengeza akuswa kutali ndi nthenda yotaya magazi kwa mtima anabweretsa.

Zinthu zimene zimachititsa chikhalidwe choterocho ingakhale monga iyi:

• A kutengera za kumtundu matenda a mtima.
• misinkhu Large mwazi wa "zoipa" mafuta m'thupi.
• Kukhalapo ngati chizolowezi chinachake choipa monga kusuta.
• thupi kwambiri kulemera.
• Oopsa.

• Shuga.
• A ambiri zakudya zakudya mafuta.
• Matenda nkhawa.
• Madokotala ena kuti ayambe mankhwala choganiza monga chifukwa cha vuto la mtima akukhala kwambiri waukali, tsankho.
• Kukhala mu kugonana wamphamvu.
• Low thupi ntchito.
• Age pambuyo zaka 40.

M'pofunika kuona ngati pali zifukwa zonsezi, mfundo zingapo, ngozi ya matenda a mtima kumawonjezera.

mitundu matenda

Ngati inu yosanthula kudwala ichi monga matenda amtima (kutanthauza taonera), ndi cardiologists kudziwa njira zosiyanasiyana za kudwala Mukaganizira angapo.

Ngati tikambirana siteji ya matenda, iwo ndi anayi, omwe amakhala ndi zotsatira zake. Kukula kwa chotupa nazonso n'komwe pamene mtundu. wolemekezeka:

• Macrofocal amtima pamene minofu necrosis likuthandiza makulidwe lonse la myocardium lapansi.
• Melkoochagovyj, zinakhudza mbali yaing'ono.

olekanitsidwa ndi malo:

• Kumanja yamitsempha yamagazi infarction.
• Lamanzere ventricle.
• Interventricular septum.
• Sidewall.
• Kumbuyo khoma.
• Zapambuyo ventricle khoma.

M'mnyewa wamtima akhoza ikuyenda ndi wopanda mavuto, kotero cardiologists zimatulutsa:

• Zovuta mtima.
• Wopepuka.

Kutanthauzira kwa ululu komanso kukhala osiyana, kotero izi mitundu ya matenda a mtima:

• A mtundu lililonse ndi ululu kumbuyo breastbone lapansi.
• mawonekedwe atypical angasonyeze ululu m'mimba, kufupika kwa mpweya, mtima mungoli zipolowe, chizungulire ndi mutu. Nthawi zina matenda a mtima akufotokozera pakalibe ululu.

Mitundu ya matenda a mtima komanso kusiyanitsa malingana ndi chitukuko cha multiplicity:

• Pulayimale kudwala.
• Kobwereza m'mnyewa wamtima infarction.
• Mobwerezabwereza.

Moyo pambuyo vuto la mtima kudzadalira zovuta matenda, mawonekedwe ake ndi thandizo yake anapereka.

Magawo chitukuko za matenda a mtima

kusintha Necrotic mu mnofu mtima anayamba mu ndondomeko zina kotero olekanitsidwa zotsatirazi infarction:

1. PIS. Kutalika kwa nyengo imeneyi kwa maola angapo kapena masabata angapo, nthawi ili mu mnofu mtima kale anapanga foci ka necrosis, mu malo awo, ndiyeno kukhala amtima.
2. Pachimake nthawi ukhoza kwa mphindi zochepa maola 2. Kumawonjezera m'mnyewa wamtima ischemia.
3. Pachimake m'mnyewa wamtima siteji kumatenga masiku angapo. Pa nthawi iyi aumbike pafupi cholinga cha necrosis anati tsankho resorption a minofu minofu zowonongeka.
4. Postinfarction sitepe zikhoza kwa theka la chaka, ndi minofu yovulazidwa anapangidwa kuchokera connective definitively.

Matenda a infarction m'mnyewa wamtima

Matendawa amayamba ndi kukambirana ndi wodwalayo. dokotala wapeza kunja, pamene ululu, khalidwe la mtundu wanji ali nazo, kaya pamapeto monga wodwala amachotsa matenda a mtima komanso ngati pali zotsatira mankhwala.

Ndiye kwenikweni tinakambirana zinthu chiopsezo cha dokotalayu n'chakuti moyo makamaka, zizolowezi zophikira, zizolowezi zoipa. The kusanthula mbiri banja - dokotala wapeza ngati nthenda munthu mtima banja, pakhala milandu vuto la mtima.

Kenako, wodwalayo walangizidwa mayeso zotsatirazi ndi kusanthula:

1. Kodi wamba magazi mayeso, tingathe kudziwa milingo apamwamba leukocytes, mkulu erythrocyte sedimentation mlingo, zizindikiro za kuchepa magazi - izo zonse akuyamba kuonekera kuwonongedwa kwa maselo mtima minofu.
2. Urinalysis adzakhala kudziwa comorbidities, zomwe zimachititsa matenda a mtima.
3. Imachitika magazi amuzolengedwa kusanthula kudziwa:

• mafuta m'thupi;
• chiŵerengero cha "zoipa" ndi "wabwino" mafuta m'thupi;
• pamaso pa triglycerides;
• shuga kuwunika chiopsezo poyerekezera ndi atherosclerosis.

Ngati pali kukayikirana ndi matenda a mtima, kuphunzira ikuchitika michere yeniyeni magazi.

Coagulogram unachita, iwo amapereka magawo a clotting magazi, zomwe zimathandiza kupeza mlingo woyenera wa mankhwala kuchipatalako.

Matenda a infarction m'mnyewa wamtima N'zosatheka electrocardiography a. Zotsatira katswiri akhoza localize wa kudwala, nthawi ndi digiri ya kuwonongeka.

Anachita mtima ultrasound kuphunzira kapangidwe ndi kukula kwa minofu mtima, kuti aone mmene mtima choipa mipukutuyi atherosclerotic.

X-ray thandizo kudziwa kusintha mu msempha thoracic, mapapo ndi kudziwa zosokonezeka.

Ntchito pofuna kufotokozera inatsekeratu angiography matenda timatha inu molondola kudziwa malo ndi mmene vasoconstriction.

Yopangidwa tomography ndi kusiyana amalola kuti molondola mtima, kuwulula zopindika makoma ake, mavavu ndi kuvutika mu kugwira ntchito ndi vasoconstriction.

Ndipotu kafukufuku angafunike kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Pokhapokha matenda zina wodwala ulipo kwa mankhwala ogwira mtima amathandiza moyo pambuyo m'mnyewa wamtima kutsogolera mwakale.

symptomatology kudwala

Childs, sitiroko woterewu mu zingalowe Nthawi zambiri wodwalayo kale anapezeka ndi angina kapena zina mtima kudwala. Ngati inu kukhala vuto la mtima, zizindikiro, zizindikiro za amuna ndi akazi onse akhale motere:

• ululu retrosternal kukhala kwambiri ndi yaitali. Ululu ali khalidwe la kugirigisha kuyaka anamva psinjika ndi psinjika angaperekedwe mu phewa, mkono, kapena khosi.

• Zikuoneka zone walitsa ndi kukula kwa zowawa.
• Wodwala sangakhoze kulekerera thupi.
• Kulandira "nitroglycerin" alibe chotsatira.
• Ngakhale pa mpumulo pali kufupika kwa mpweya, kufooka ndi chizungulire.
• Zingaoneke kusapeza m'mimba.
• Kutanganidwa mtima mungoli.
• Kupuma amakhala ovuta.
• Zikuoneka thukuta ozizira, khungu blanch.

Ngati panali nthawi zina zizindikiro zimenezi, muyenera yomweyo dokotala.

thandizo kwa wodwala

Ngati pali kukayikirana ndi matenda a mtima, zizindikiro, zizindikiro za akazi okha patsogolo ngati mulibe kuthandizapo mwadzidzidzi. Icho chiri motere:

• amazifuna kukhala kapena kugona pamalo pabwino.

• Bwererani kufinya zovala.
• Onetsetsani mwayi wa mpweya.
• Lembani piritsi pansi lilime "nitroglycerin" ngati vuto amphamvu, zingakhale awiri.
• Ngati "nitroglycerin" Ayi, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito "korvalola" ndi "Aspirin".

chisamaliro Emergency mu m'mnyewa wamtima thandizo ululu kuthetsa akadzaukira ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matendawo.

Zovuta kuukira mtima

Ndi chosowa kwambiri kuti akudutsa popanda kuukira mavuto mtima, zotsatira pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Iwo kuchepetsa moyo amayembekezeka atachira matenda. Nthawi zambiri matenda otsatirawa mavuto:

• Mtima kulephera.
• Chophukacho wa minofu mtima.
• Aneurysm.
• Cardiogenic mantha.
• Mungoli chisokonezo kwa mtima.

• Post-infarction angina.
• Pericarditis.

Zotsatira m'mnyewa wamtima mwina patapita Mwachitsanzo:

• Patapita milungu ingapo akhoza kuyamba matenda Dressler.
• Nthawi zambiri amalembedwa mavuto thromboembolic.
• matenda Neurotrophic ya ubongo.

odwala ambiri amachita chidwi ndi funso liti mungatani kupulumuka pambuyo vuto la mtima? Yankho kudzadalira zifukwa zingapo: mlingo wa kuwonongeka kwa minofu mtima, Timeliness thandizo loyamba, dzuwa ndi lolondola chithandizo, chitukuko matendawo.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu 35% odwala kufa, ambiri ngakhale kufika malo zachipatala. Odwala amene anali ndi vuto la mtima, nthawi zambiri kusintha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zake kapena kusiya ntchito, ambiri olumala.

Momwe mungapewere kobwereza mtima kapena kuteteza pakuwonekera kwake

Aliyense tsopano bwino za matenda a mtima, ndi matenda aakulu kwambiri kuti akhoza chakupha kapena yosagwira ntchito. Koma zonse mu manja a munthu - mukatsatira zina malangizo, n'zotheka kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kudwala matenda izi:

1. Kuti akhale pansi pa ulamuliro mlingo wa magazi, makamaka ngati kumachitika nthawi zina apamwamba.
2. Muziona mlingo wa shuga m'magazi.
3. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, kupewa kukhala pansi dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
4. Muyenera kubwereza zakudya zanu, kuchepetsa kudya zakudya mafuta, zakudya mayiko ndi kuwonjezera zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.
5. Kuonjezera zolimbitsa thupi osati kupita ku masewero olimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku zokwanira kuyenda, ambiri kuyenda, kupalasa njinga.
6. Ngati thanzi zodula, uyenera kusiya kusuta ndi uchidakwa, ndipo sangathe adatengedwa khofi.
7. Khalani kulemera uli bwinobwino, ngati kuti izo m'munsi, n'zotheka kukaona kadyedwe amene angakuthandizeni kuti munthu zakudya pulogalamu.
8. Pamaso pa matenda aakulu m'pofunika nthawi kuchitiridwa, makamaka, izo nkhawa pathologies mtima, matenda mtima.
9. Ngati achibale anapezeka m'mnyewa wamtima infarction, ayenera kukhala thanzi lawo kwambiri, kupewa lolemera ntchito yadzaoneni.
10. Chaka ndi zofunika kukonza mpumulo wabwino kuchoka amangokhala ali pikitipikiti mzinda, mukhoza kupita ku mapiri kapena mwanyanja.
11. Monga pang'ono kuti adzapezekepo alola psycho-maganizo maganizo, kuphunzira njira zosangalatsa.
12. Ndisanabadwe nthaŵi zonse ndipo mayesero onse zofunika kudziwika oyambirira okwera shuga kapena mafuta m'thupi m'magazi.

Ngati vuto la mtima sanathe kuzipewa, m'pofunika kuyesetsa kupewa kubwereza kuukira. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala, kutenga mankhwala ndi kusintha moyo.