Mtheradi ndi wachibale zolakwa

Mu miyezo onse, nazo zotsatira za kuwerengetsera anapezazo ntchito m'malo zovuta amatipeza ukapezeka kupatuka makamaka. Kuwunika zolakwika zimenezi wamba kugwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro awiri - mtheradi ndi wachibale zolakwa.

Ngati phindu lenileni la Kuchotsera zotsatira timapeza ndi kupatuka mtheradi (momwe ochuluka a nambala yaikulu ya wonyeketsa kochepa). Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuzungulira mu 1370 kuti 1400, cholakwa chenicheni kukhala 1400-1382 = 18. nazo kwa 1380, Mtheradi kupatuka kuchuluka 1382-1380 = 2. chilinganizo zolakwa mtheradi ndi wa mawonekedwe:

Δx = | × * - × | pano

× * - phindu lenileni,

× - pafupifupi phindu.

Komabe, pofotokoza yolondola chizindikiro ichi si kokwanira. Weruzani nokha ngati kulemera kwa kusokera magalamu 0.2, ndiye masekeli mankhwala kwa mikrosinteza izo zidzakhala kwambiri kulemera magalamu 200 soseji ndi zabwinobwino ndipo iye chiyani sangathe kuona mu muyeso wa kulemera kwa njanji galimoto. Nthawi zambiri ndi limati mtheradi kapena kudziwa zolakwa wachibale. Chilinganizo cha chizindikiro chiri motere:

δx = Δx / | × * |.

Tiyeni tione chitsanzo. Tiyeni chiwerengero cha ana pasukulu kusuta 196. anamaliza mtengo izi 200.

The kupatuka wachilengedwe 200 - 196 = 4. zolakwa wachibale adzakhala anamaliza kapena 4/196, 4/196 = 2%.

Choncho, ngati ife kudziwa mtengo weniweni wa mtengo zina, zolakwa wachibale wa analandira mtengo zoyerekeza ndi chiŵerengero cha mtengo mtheradi wa kupatuka oyerekeza kuti phindu lenileni. Komabe, nthawi zambiri kudziwa zoona mtengo panopa ndi zovuta ndi zina kosatheka. Ndipo, chotero, sikutheka kuwerengera enieni mtengo wa cholakwa. Komabe, inu nthawi zonse chimatanthauza angapo kuti nthawi zonse adzakhala pang'ono kuposa pazipita mtheradi kapena wachibale zolakwa.

Mwachitsanzo, wogulitsa wodwala ndi vwende pa muyezo mtanda. Pankhaniyi, kulemera zing'onozing'ono ndi magalamu 50. Libra 2000 magalamu. Ili ndi phindu idzatha. vwende enieni kulemera sakudziwika. Komabe, tikudziwa kuti zolakwa mtheradi sangakhale magilamu 50. Ndiye wachibale zolakwa kuchuluka kulemera sali wamkulu kuposa 50/2000 = 2.5%.

Mtengo umene uli poyamba kuposa zolakwa Mtheradi kapena, ngati koipa, ndi ofanana, amatchedwa mtheradi zolakwa malire kapena malire a zolakwa mtheradi. Mu Mwachitsanzo yapita, chithunzi ndi magalamu 50. Mtima womwewo malire ndi zolakwa wachibale, imene chitsanzo pamwambapa 2.5%.

Kufunika kwa malire molondola ndi osati mwachindunji. Choncho m'malo magalamu 50 tingamuuze chiwerengero choposa kulemera kwa thupi m'munsi, kunena 100 ga kapena 150 ga Komabe, mu kuchita, kufunika osachepera amasankhidwa. Ndipo ngati n'zotheka kudziwa ndi chimodzimodzi chimene ndipo imodzi kutumikira monga zolakwa malire.

Pa nthawi imene Mtheradi zolakwa malire si mwasankha. Kenako tiyenera kuganiza kuti ndi wofanana ndi theka la otsiriza unit wa kumaliseche izi (ngati nambala a) kapena osachepera unit wa Chigawo (ngati chida cha). Mwachitsanzo, mu millimeter osiyanasiyana mtengo uwu 0.5 mm, ndi zoyerekeza chiwerengero 3,65 Mtheradi kupatuka pazipita ndi 0,005.