MRP akukonzekera dongosolo

Pamaso pa moyo wathu panali makompyuta, kulamulira zochuluka mu malo mwa makampani ikuchitika ndi dzanja, ntchito makadi mlandu. Komabe, njira imeneyi anali wosadalirika, zambiri pali kulakwitsa, zolakwa mawerengedwe, ndi kampani analibe chuma chabe, anamuphonya deadlines ndi imfa ya phindu. Chiyambireni cha ndondomeko mafakitale zochita zokha wakhala wosalira kwambiri mapulogalamu. MRP dongosolo anali njira yabwino yothetsera vuto kulamulira nyumba yosungiramo katundu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, njira yatsopano yafalikira kuzungulira dziko. Bwino ndi mbali yake, ubwino ndi ntchito yaikulu.

nkhani

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mfundo MRP (Zofunika Zofunika Planning) anayambitsa m'ma 50s wa atumwi wotsiriza mu United States. Ndi tanthauzo lina la kutukula waukulu, J .. Orliski, ndi tsatanetsatane wa njira ndi zofuna amayenera kupanga ndandanda. Mwachidule, njira ya kasamalidwe ulimi kudzera yokonza mapulani ndi ndandanda yobereka zipangizo kapena zigawo. Pamaziko a lingaliro ongolankhula a dongosolo MRP akukonzekera anayamba kupanga.

munda wa ntchito iyo inali ntchito ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, katundu theka-kusasanyiwa, zipangizo ndi yeniyeni yomalizidwa mankhwala. Mu USSR, njira izi zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 70s lapansi. Mkubwela makompyuta dongosolo MRP ndi anakafika asilikali mafakitale dera, ndipo mu 80s - malonda malonda. njira A chofunika ndondomeko kulamulira ndi kotunga gwero kwa nomenclature lalikulu. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi lalikulu mafakitale ndi makampani (mwachitsanzo, kukonza mankhwala).

Vuto lakulimbana ndi njira yatsopano, akatswiri amakhulupirira kusankha ndi chitukuko cha mfundo komanso mapulogalamu masamu, zida ofesi. Ndi mmene kupanga makina ndi njira zamakono. Pankhani imeneyi, akatswiri kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri: kompyuta ndi mfundo MRP dongosolo.

zolinga

Kutengera pa malo a ntchito zotheka njira, zolinga ena anakonza. MRP dongosolo zipangitsa wosangalala zofuna malonda zipangizo, zigawo ndi mankhwala yobereka kuti makasitomala. Iwo kumatha ndalama otsika ndi kukhalabe mulingo kulingalira. Zochita cholinga mfundo ndi kukonzekera ntchito kupanga ndi ndandanda zogula.

Komanso MRP-dongosolo limachititsa kudziwa kuchuluka ndi nthawi yopanga ndi kupeza chuma zofunika chifukwa komaliza mogwirizana ndi ndandanda yopanga.

The aligorivimu

Kayendedwe ka ntchito chifukwa zinayendera zenizeni za zochita. Sitepe yoyamba ndi kuti akadakwanitsira kupanga ndandanda nyengo anakonza. Zimenezi zachokera kusanthula pulogalamu kupanga munthu.

Mu ndime yachiwiri ayenera kuchita mlandu zipangizo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, zimene sizinalembedwa amalima, koma koyenera kuti kukwaniritsidwa kwa madongosolo kasitomala (mwachitsanzo, ma CD, yosungirako ndi zina zotero. D.).

Siteji yotsatira ndi zinathandiza, monga pamafunika kuwerengera kufunika okwana kwa mtundu uliwonse wa zipangizo, zigawo, amene zizigwirizana zikuchokera chomaliza mankhwala.

Ndipo potsiriza, m'pofunika kukonza malamulo kwa chuma. M'tsogolo, mwina kusintha malamulo, anapanga pamaso pa nthawi mapulani. N'zofunika pofuna kupewa yobereka kudwala-anapima.

Terms ndi njira

Pakuti ntchito dongosolo lililonse amafuna zinthu zina. MRP dongosolo yotero. Kukhazikitsa ERP n'zotheka ndi ogwira njira masamu a kulosera, kupezeka makompyuta, zomwe zimathandiza inu msanga konza ntchito. Komanso kufunika kukonzekera ndi kasamalidwe ulimi ndi njira zamakono.

MRP dongosolo yokha kuzichita kusankha wake ndi mtundu wa kufunika kupanga ntchito. Pali mitundu iwiri: palokha ndipo yozungulira. Mbali yoyamba atawalamula ndi kwaiye palokha ogula mzake. Ndi chinthu kunja azachuma, chifukwa ulamuliro udzachitika ndi zithunzi yosavuta dera.

Maganizo achiwiri zikusonyeza kumbuyo ubale chuma. Ndi chifukwa cha ntchito zigawo zikuluzikulu zingapo wopanga kupanga katundu. Choncho, kusowa kwa aliyense wa iwo ndipamene ubale wina ndi ulimi wa chomaliza mankhwala mmwamba. Kuti njira imeneyi ndi kwa kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu yonse ya zipangizo akhoza akuyendera dongosolo MRP kalasi.

zinthu

njira imeneyi ayenera kukonzekera ali ndi dongosolo nthambi. MRP zinthu za dongosolo anawagawa athandizira ndi linanena bungwe deta. Nawonso, monga kum'mwera zigawo omwe pazankhani ndi masamu mabwenzi apamtima, ndi kupereka khalidwe kulosera ndi kasamalidwe ka ndondomeko kupanga.

Muzifunsa

Deta athandizira ndi kupanga ndandanda, specifications ndi deta pa m'matangadza alipo poyera (ie. E. WOSAKWANIRITSIDWA) madongosolo. Iwo amasewera kwambiri pa ntchito dongosolo mapulani.

Woyamba boma-chigawo aumbike mwa munthu ndi ufulu wodzilamulira wa akumufuna. njira zokha pamene yokonza dongosolo alibe. Choncho, analengedwa ndi dzanja malinga ndi mikhalidwe ya mowa ndi dongosolo la zachuma. Kupanga ndandanda kwa nthawi akhoza kugawidwa kwa chomasuka ntchito. Kodi loyamba Musalole kusintha kulikonse kuti amafuna kuphedwa yeniyeni. Mu kusintha chachiwiri nthawi ndi zotheka, koma iwo ayenera kutsatira dongosolo la zinthu zofunika. Nthawi zina amaona kuti mudziwe zambiri zazikulu akuwonekera.

Mfundo - mndandanda kapena mndandanda wa zinthu zofunika kapena zigawo pa unit. Izi zimathandizanso kudziwa kusowa chuma ndi kukhazikitsa malipilo ake. M'pofunikanso kuti mwachindunji chiwerengero cha mankhwala ndi nthawi kuphedwa ndiponso kuti yobereka. Kupanga mosalekeza ndi kupewa cholakwika kutsatira ndondomeko mabuku zosaphika ndi poyerekeza ndi akalozera kale ayenera kukhala mosalekeza.

Zofunika Malawi amathandiza mawerengedwe zolondola zofunika okwana gwero. Zimenezi anachita kudzera MRP aligorivimu. kupanga ndandanda amalola mawerengedwe molondola kufunika okwana kwa mayunitsi chotsirizidwa ndi kupanga kuli deta nkhokwe, Kutsata dongosolo ndi chiwerengero cha madongosolo lotseguka.

linanena bungwe

gulu tichipeza malipoti pulayimale ndi sekondale kuti ntchito dongosolo ntchito wothandiza.

Woyamba boma-chigawo chimodzi, nayenso ukufanizidwa ndi:

• Anakonza madongosolo - ndandanda unagwa mu nyengo (nthawi ndi mtengo wa malamulo lotseguka).
• Kumasulidwa zipangizo mu kupanga (kufufuza bwino mawerengedwe ikuchitika kutenga nkhani chiwerengero cha ndalama zothandiza).
• Kusintha kwa anakonza malamulo mu mawonekedwe a kusintha kwa tsiku, voliyumu ya dongosolo ndi Kulipira ake zotheka.

malipoti Secondary kusonyeza kulamulira kuphedwa kwa madongosolo mogwirizana ndi mawu ndi ndalama. Iwo cholinga kusonyeza zopatuka dongosolo, kuthandiza kuwerengera ndalama kupanga. gulu ili mulinso malipoti mapulani (Mapangano yobereka ndi zitsimikizo kugula). Malipoti zochitika zapadera zinkalosera umboni ndi zolakwa mawu ndalama.

Pogwiritsa ntchito makompyuta MRP-dongosolo amachita monga dongosolo limene limasonyeza dongosolo lonse mu tchati.

ubwino

Mofanana ndi chodabwitsa chilichonse cha zinthu zenizeni, njira ali ubwino komanso kuipa kwa ntchito. Ubwino undoubted kachitidwe MRP - ndi:

• n'zotheka ntchito deta pa mowa kuposa pa nkhani zomwe zinachitika mbuyomu, ndi kuganizira za tsogolo (akukonzekera mawerengedwe, kulosera).
• Kutheka kwa m'matangadza osachepera zipangizo. Izi amapulumutsa kampani ndalama ndalama zake malo yobwereka ndi kulemba ntchito ndodo.
• Kuwonjezeka kufufuza ndalama zolowa.
• Streamlining kupanga ndi kuyan'anila udindo wa mtundu uliwonse wa chigawo gwero. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kudziwa khalidwe la ndondomeko kupanga.
• kuchedwa kupatulapo kupanga chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama zofunikira;
• Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha patsogolo osauka malamulo, komanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ntchito mwamsanga.
• Ubwino wina chapadera cha MRP-dongosolo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito deta yake ntchito zina mmene kukumana mu ogwira ntchito kapena mu unyolo okwanira.

zolakwa

The kuipa kwa njira ya mapulani monga:

• Kufunika kwa ndalama deta yolondola ndi kuwerengetsera.
• MRP dongosolo ali otsika kusinthasintha, zomwe kwambiri kumalepheretsa ayankhe yake kwa kusintha kunja kupanga kapena kotunga chuma.
• Kuvuta kwa dongosolo ulamuliro pa otaya mkulu kupanga ndi magwiritsidwe. Izi zikhoza zikuphatikizapo kuchiŵerengero zakulephera, sadalira okha pa zinthu anthu, komanso pa mavuto a dongosolo.
• MRP popanga mapulani sangathe kuganizira yosaloledwa mphamvu, voliyumu ya kusindikiza, ndi magawo ena. Choncho, nthawi zina logisticians nkhope "opusa" kuwerengetsera kuperekedwa ndi pulogalamu.
• MRP-dongosolo amafuna kukhazikitsa mtengo ndi yaitali.

MRP II

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, katswiri American George Plosl, Oliver Uayt nsembe dongosolo bwino kukonzekera gwero, imene inkatchedwa MRP II. ntchito yake yaikulu ili kuti chimakwirira mbali ntchito ndi ndalama kupanga amaganizira mphamvu sayansi ndi pafupifupi kusintha ntchito kwa mapulani ndi ndandanda. Mndandanda wa ntchito kukodzedwa kukakamiza kasamalidwe, mawerengeredwe njira yopanga malinga ndi benchmarks nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi kuwunika ntchito. Mu dongosolo ili, zimachititsa ayesedwa limodzi, kupanga MRP II akukonzekera mosavuta poyerekezera ndi zinthu zina.

ERP

Ngakhale mavuto kwambiri kuthetsa kukonzekera ulimi, MRP-dongosolo ndi dongosolo ungwiro. Agwiritsidwa mtundu wokha kuti ina mwa ntchito logistic. Choncho, zaka 90 ilo linapangidwa kuphatikiza ntchito ndi kupanga kasamalidwe ogwira angasamalire ndalama. Dongosolo latsopano lotchedwa ERP (ogwira Resource Planning). Pa mtima wa lingaliro ili ndi lingaliro kulenga deta umodzi yosungira (kapena zapamwamba). Choncho, MRP dongosolo wakhala m'gulu la akuluakulu.

The ntchito njira imeneyi ndi kupanda kufunika kwa kulankhulana pa nkhani pakati pa Chiyuda ndi ndalama kwambiri nthawi ndi ndalama ndalama ogwira lapansi. Masiku ano, kulera ERP n'kofunika malonda lalikulu. A tochepa ndi sing'anga chimatsatira tsopano-tingachipeze powerenga MRP-dongosolo.