Morphine - ndi chiyani ichi? Morphine khansa. Morphine - ndi analgesic

Morphine - ndi chiyani ichi? Yankho funso, mudzaphunzila pansipa. Komanso, tikambirana zimene mankhwala ntchito monga ntchito ndi zina zotero.

Morphine - ndi chiyani ichi?

Mu mawonekedwe choyera "Morphine" chiphunzitso ndi woyera crystalline ufa. Mwa njira, "Morphine" - dzina lake lakale. Tikumbukenso kuti dzina la thunthu likuchokera ku dzina la mulungu Greek Morpheus amene adalamulira maloto. Morphine - ndi mankhwala kuti ndi alkaloid ya bongo. Chopangidwa kuchokera ku utomoni zouma wa Opium poppy. Komanso, chinthu oterewa tingawapeze mu zikuchokera zitsamba amenewa, Stephanie, moonseed, sinomenium ndi ena.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Morphine - ndi chiyani ichi? Mankhwala ndi analgesic, sedative ndi zotsatira zachinyengo. Mankhwala, anapanga pamaziko a zoterozo zinthu mwachangu ntchito yochizira matenda mwamsanga 1805. Popanda sachita kuchipatala aliyense pa Civil Nkhondo America. Monga amphamvu analgesic mankhwala anayambitsa asilikali ake molasidwa kudzera m'mitsempha intramuscularly pambuyo opaleshoni. Izi facilitates kwambiri mavuto awo. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti izi zikutanthauza ndithu mofulumira osokoneza. Posachedwapa, chikhalidwe akudwala pambuyo ntchito yaitali mankhwala, analandira dzina lake ndi "matenda msilikali."

Monga mukudziwa, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza, morphine ankagwiritsa ntchito osati asilikali, komanso ndi madotolo amene amagwiritsa anafuna kuti tichotse kutopa.

Fomu za kumasulidwa mankhwala

Kukonzekera "Morphine" chikupezeka monga mapiritsi a 0.01 ga, 1% njira mu mbale ndi syringe-chubu, 1 ml.

katundu wa mankhwala

Pofotokoza morphine (a mankhwala), inu mukhoza kuzilemba izo mbali zotsatirazi:

• Yopangidwa yogwira mankhwala mu mawonekedwe a mibulu woyera acicular kapena woyera crystalline ufa kuti ndi pang'ono chikasu kapena sereet pa yosungirako.
• njira imeneyi ndi pang'onopang'ono sungunuka m'madzi ndi mouma sungunuka mowa. Ndi yosemphana ndi alkalis. Yankho okonzeka ayenera chosawilitsidwa pa 100 ° C kwa theka la ola. Pakuti ofunika Chidawonjezeka acid amathiridwa.
• Limatsogolera mfundo kukonzekera izi 254 ° C.
• Specific kasinthasintha njira - 2%.
• Uyatsa pa kutentha 261 ° C.
• Autoignition limapezeka pa 349 ° C.

pharmacodynamics

Morphine - mankhwala amene amaimira gulu la analgesics opioid. Izo zimayambitsa euphoria, kuchepetsa zizindikiro ululu, zimayambitsa kumverera kwa mtendere wa mumtima, bwino maganizo, amapereka chiyembekezo chosangalatsa kaya boma lenileni la zochitika. katundu izi zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe mankhwala kudalira thupi ndi zamatsenga.

Mu mlingo waukulu, njira imeneyi ndi wamphamvu ndithu zachinyengo zimene. Komanso, morphine kumabwezera mmbuyo bongo onse wabwino, kuchititsa omangana ndipo kumachepetsa excitability wa pakati chifuwa. Kulera kamvekedwe minofu ya ziwalo, ndi bwino kuphipha wa sphincter wa Oddi ndi kapepala biliary. Komanso, mankhwala kwambiri imafoola ndi peristalsis matumbo, koma Iyamba Ndikudzikhuthula kwa m'mimba ndi kumawonjezera peristalsis.

Pharmacokinetics

Mu kwambiri zina, morphine (analgesic) kutumikiridwa m'nsinga, subcutaneously ndi intramuscularly. Komabe n'zotheka ndi thumbo, m'kamwa, epidural ndi ntchito intrathecal. Izi mankhwala odzipereka m'malo mofulumira. Pafupifupi 20-40% ya mankhwala wamangidwa kwa mapulotini plasma. Mankhwala "Morphine" mitanda ya nsengwa ndi zikhoza kuwonongeka kupuma kwa mwana wosabadwayo. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti chida ichi akufotokozera mkaka wa m'mawere.

Dongosolo mu mnofu mmene morphine akufotokozera pambuyo pa 15-26 Mphindi. Zolemba malire magazi yogawa akwaniritsa pambuyo Mphindi 35-45 ndi kumatenga za 3-5 maola.

Mankhwala "Morphine" ntchito

Medicament "Morphine" ntchito monga mankhwala ochititsa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi kuvulala amene anatsagana ndi ululu ndithu. Komanso, ntchito yokonza ntchito, ndipo postoperatively. Nthawi zambiri Kwalamulidwa kwa tulo, wamphamvu chifuwa ndi kufupika kwa mpweya, amene amayamba ndi pachimake mtima kulephera.

Nthawi zina amatanthauza "Morphine" ntchito X-ray mchitidwe pa phunziro la mmimba, chikhodzodzo ndulu ndi 12 tiperstnoj matumbo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kumayambiriro mankhwala bwino kamvekedwe ka minofu m'mimba, kumapangitsanso motility ake ndi imathandizira Ndikudzikhuthula. Chifukwa kukhudzana, akatswiri n'kosavuta kudziwa zilonda ndi kutupa kwa ziwalo.

zikuonetsa

Amadziwika kuti morphine khansa limathandiza kuti kuwonongedwa mofulumira ululu, omwe kwambiri facilitates alili. Pankhani imeneyi tisaiwale kuti izi zikutanthauza:

• limaleka ululu syndrome zoopsa, chotupa chija, m'mnyewa wamtima infarction, ndi wosakhazikika angina ;
• Izo ntchito monga mankhwala zapadera chifukwa m'deralo kapena mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri pa opaleshoni;
• Nthawi zina ntchito pobereka, chifuwa (ngati njira zina sizithandiza), ndi edema m'mapapo mwanga;
• kukatumikira ku X-ray m'mimba, 12-tiperstnoj m'matumbo ndipo chikhodzodzo ndulu.

contraindications

Izi mankhwala osavomerezeka pa hypersensitivity kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, chopinga wa pakati kupuma (mwachitsanzo, ndi mankhwala kapena poyizoni mowa) ndi dongosolo chapakati mantha, komanso manjenje ileus. Komanso, morphine sangathe ntchito mu msana ndi epidural ochititsa dzanzi.

Ntchito mosamala kwambiri

Gwiritsani ntchito chida ichi ndi kusamala kwambiri ayenera kukhala ndi ululu m'mimba zifukwa bwinobwino, maganizo lability, bronchial kuukira mphumu, arrhythmias, khunyu, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, uchidakwa, amafuna kudzipha, matenda gallstone, komanso pa opaleshoni dongosolo mkodzo ndi kapepala m'mimba. Komanso, mankhwala ayenera mosamala ntchito ndi kuvulala kwa ubongo, Prostatic hyperplasia, kwa chiwindi kapena insufficiency aimpso, intracranial oopsa, stricture ya mkodzo, hypothyroidism, aakulu kutupa matumbo matenda, matenda akhunyu, mimba, mkaka wa m'mawere ndi pambuyo ntchito pa mundawo biliary . Morphine ntchito mosamala kwambiri ayenera kukhala mu chikhalidwe choopsa cha odwala, okalamba ndi ana.

mlingo

Mafunso morphine - ichi ndi chiyani, inu muyenera kumuuza za Mlingo wake.

Pakuti makonzedwe m'kamwa wodwalayo ayenera kuonana ndi dokotala chofunika. Ndipotu, mankhwala ayenera kusankhidwa malingana tilinazo munthu ndiponso azikhala ululu. A mlingo umodzi wa mankhwala - 10-20 mg pa achikulire ndi ana 0.2-0.8 mg / kgdlya.

Kulandira kapisozi yaitali akuchita mlingo ntchito ayenera kukhala 10-100 mg ndi kawiri pa tsiku. Pakuti subcutaneous jekeseni - 1 mg, ndi mu mnofu ndi mtsempha - 10 mg. The pazipita tsiku mlingo ndi 50 mg. Ngati wodwala ayenera makonzedwe thumbo, m'pofunika Pre-woyera matumbo. Akuluakulu suppositories amapatsidwa mu kuchuluka 30 mg wa mawola 13.

ambiri osokoneza

Ngati ntchito molakwika, chida kumachitika mu mtima zotsatirazi mavuto:

• ozizira ndi clammy thukuta;
• chisokonezo;
• kutopa;
• omangana;
• kusinza;
• intracranial oopsa;
• bradycardia;
• mantha;
• aakulu kufooka;
• hypothermia;
• m'mbuyo kufupika kwa mpweya ;
• youma pakamwa;
• nkhawa;
• delirious psychosis;
• chizungulire;
• kutsitsa magazi;
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo;
• kupweteka;
• minofu chinthu chimodzimodzi ndi zina zotero.