Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri: zoyimira ndi contraindications

Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi (ochititsa dzanzi) pa phukusi anapatsidwa opaleshoni, akhoza mitundu iwiri:

• m'dera - wodwala amadziwa, zamizidwa ndi kusakhala yekha M'dera lina la thupi limene opaleshoni chichitike;
• okwana - wodwala ndi kumizidwa mu kuya mankhwala tulo.

General ndi makonsolo ochititsa dzanzi chimodzimodzi kupeza malo mankhwala amakono. The mankhwala ochititsa m'dera n'kopanda msana ndi epidural ochititsa dzanzi. Mu milandu, wodwalayo amadziwa, koma eni mbali m'munsi mwa thupi dzanzi kwathunthu ndi kutaya tilinazo. Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri ochititsa dzanzi mChipangano.

Lingaliro la mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi

Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi - ambiri ochititsa dzanzi; m'Chigiriki amatanthauza "dzanzi" "dzanzi." Tanthauzo kwagona kuti ndi thandizo la mankhwala zimakhudzanso chapakati mantha dongosolo ndi kwathunthu ndigwire zikhumbo mitsempha kuti akutumiza. Chifukwa cha zochita zonse za anthu zinthu mochedwa, ndipo kumizidwa mu otchedwa mankhwala anachititsa tulo.

maloto sizingafanane ndi alipidwa tulo tsiku pamene munthu akhoza kudzuka pa rustle pang'ono. Pamene mankhwala kugona anthu Ndipotu, anangotsika kwa kanthawi pang'ono machitidwe zonse zofunika, kuwonjezera pa mtima wa.

prenarcosis

Pamaso pa ochititsa dzanzi ambiri wodwala ayenera kukumana ndi maphunziro apadera - premedication. Pafupifupi anthu onse amavutika nkhawa kapena kuopa opaleshoni. Kupanikizika chifukwa cha nkhawa, wokhoza linapuwalanso mu njira ya opaleshoni. Wodwala mu nthawi iyi pali yaikulu zikuwonjezereka masiku ano udzu. Apa tikutengegeredwa ku wonongeka ziwalo zofunika - mtima, impso, m'mapapo, chiwindi, amene ana amakumana ndi mavuto pa ntchito ndi nditamaliza ake.

Pachifukwa ichi, Anesthesiologists kuti n'kofunika kudzilimbitsa munthu asanachite opareshoni. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, iye anasankha wothandizila sedative chikhalidwe - iyi akutchedwa premedication. Mu ntchito, pasadakhale, premedication ogona patsogolo. Koma mwadzidzidzi ndi - ali pa tebulo ya opareshoni.

Yachitika, mitundu ndi siteji ya mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri

General ochititsa dzanzi ikuchitika mu magawo atatu:

• Kupatsidwa ulemu wa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi kapena kupatsidwa ulemu - ikuchitika mwamsanga pamene wodwalayo pa tebulo ya opareshoni. Iye analowa kukonzekera mankhwala, kupereka tulo, kutakasuka wathunthu ndi mpumulo ululu.
• Yokonza mankhwala oletsa ululu - anesthetist ayenera molondola kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kutero. Pa ntchito, ankakhalira anali pansi pa ulamuliro ntchito onse wodwala, kuthamanga magazi anayeza, kuunikira kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupuma. An chizindikiro zofunika imeneyi ndi mtima ndiponso kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi mpweya m'magazi. The dzanzi ayenera kudziwa magawo onse a ntchito ndi nthawi yake, kotero kuti akhoza, ngati n'koyenera, kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa mlingo wa mankhwala.
• Kudzutsidwa - mwa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi pa. The dzanzi ndi mawerengedwe enieni kuchuluka kwa mankhwala komanso nyaze kubweretsa mtima mu nthawi ya mankhwala tulo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mankhwala ayenera kumaliza ntchito yake, ndipo munthuyo amayamba kudzuka pang'onopang'ono. Pamafunikanso ziwalo zonse ndi kachitidwe. The dzanzi sasiya mtima bola ngati iye abwera kwathunthu mu chikumbumtima. mtima kupuma akhale wodziimira magazi ndi zimachitika ziziyenda, bongo ndi minofu kamvekedwe kubwera kwathunthu mwakale.

Mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri masitepe a:

• Pamwamba ochititsa dzanzi - Mwamsanga chogwirika tilinazo, zilibe kumva ululu pakhomo, koma anasonyeza minofu chigoba, ndi ziwalo.
• Kuwala ochititsa dzanzi - pansi minofu chigoba ambiri kusiyiratu bongo. Madokotala pali kuthekera ntchito kuwala pamwamba.
• Full ochititsa dzanzi - minofu zosangalatsa a minofu chigoba oletsedwa pafupifupi onse bongo ndi kachitidwe, kuwonjezera pa mtima wa. Zimakhala zotheka kuti agwire ntchito cha kapangidwe iliyonse.
• mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi kopitilira muyeso akuya - tinganene kuti mkhalidwe pakati pa moyo ndi imfa. Oletsedwa pafupifupi bongo onse, minofu kwathunthu momasuka monga minofu chigoba ndi yosalala.

Mitundu ya mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri:

• chigoba;
• mtsempha;
• akukhudzidwira.

anatengera nthawi pambuyo mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri

Pambuyo wodwala mwa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi wamkulu chikhalidwe chake ndi dokotala nawo. Zovuta za mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri osowa. Nthawi iliyonse ntchito ali zizindikiro zake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati Opaleshoniyo inachitika pa pamimba, nthawi Simungathe kumwera madzi. Nthawi zina, yololeka. Maganizo lero nkhani ya sayenda mtima pambuyo opaleshoni. Izo zinkakhala kuti munthu nthawi postoperative ndi zamtengo wapatali ngati n'zotheka kukhala mu bedi yaitali. Masiku ano, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti anyamuke, kusuntha paokha kudzera mwachilungamo nthawi yochepa pambuyo ntchito. Akukhulupirira kuti zimenezi kumathandiza kuti ayambe mofulumira.

Mulimonsemo, wodwala ayenera kumvera malangizo a dokotala anu, mwinamwake ayambe akhoza anachedwa.

Kusankha njira mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi

Pakuti ndondomeko mpumulo ululu ndi udindo dzanzi. Iye, pamodzi ndi dokotala ndi wodwala, kusankha mtundu wanji wa mankhwala oletsa ululu kupereka mmalo nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Kusankha njira mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi zimakhudza zinthu zambiri:

• Voliyumu ya opaleshoni anakonza. Mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa Mfuko ndi sikutanthauza ochititsa dzanzi ambiri, koma opaleshoni ziwalo wodwalayo - ndi nkhani yaikulu ndipo amafuna kwambiri ndiponso yaitali kugona mankhwala.
• Wodwalayo chikhalidwe. Ngati wodwala ali matenda oopsa kapena mwachidwi, mavuto alionse opaleshoni, funso la mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo sangakhale.
• Zinachitikira ndi akatswiri a dokotala wa. Dzanzi amadziwa za njira ya opaleshoni, makamaka pa nthawi imene dokotalayo akugwira ntchito si nthawi yoyamba.
• Komabe, katswiri wa zochititsa dzanzi pa chisankho ndi pakalibe contraindications nthawi kusankha njira mankhwala, amene ali pafupi ndi iye yekha, ndi m'magazini ino bwino kudalira. Kaya ndi ambiri kapena m'dera ochititsa dzanzi - Chofunika, kuti opaleshoniyo yayenda bwino.

Malangizo wodwalayo isanafike opaleshoni

Pamaso opaleshoni nthawi zimatengera kulankhulana pakati pa wodwalayo komanso dzanzi. dokotala akafunse za anasamutsa ntchito kale, amene zamizidwa ndi kusakhala ndi mtima wake zowawa. Pa gawo la mtima n'kofunika kwambiri kuuza dokotala zonse, osati kusowa mfundo limodzi, chifukwa umakhala ndiye amagwira nawo ntchito opaleshoni.

Asanachite opareshoni, wodwalayo ayenera kukumbukira matenda amene atamusamutsa pa nthawi yonse ya moyo wake. Izi ndi zowona makamaka ndi matenda aakulu. Komanso, wodwala ayenera kuuza dokotala za mankhwala kuti akukakamizidwa kutenga pa mphindi. N'zotheka kuti dokotala angafunse zambiri za mafunso zina kuwonjezera pa woposa onse. Mfundozi n'kofunika kwambiri pofuna kuthetsa ngakhale kulakwitsa pang'ono posankha njira mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi. mavuto aakulu a ochititsa dzanzi ambiri osowa, ngati zochitika zonse pa mbali ya dzanzi, ndi gawo la mtima sanatsatiridwe molondola.

mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo

mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo nthawi zambiri sikutanthauza kuti zikutsutsana dzanzi ndi. Madokotala amatha paokha kugwira mtundu wa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi. Amangoika anadula malo opaleshoni mankhwala.

Ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo nthawi zonse chiopsezo kuti osakwanira chiwerengero cha mankhwala anayambitsa ndi kuloŵa ululu ndi kuchisonyeza. Pankhaniyi, musati mantha. Muyenera kufunsa dokotala kuwonjezera mankhwala.

msana ochititsa dzanzi

Pamene msana (msana) ochititsa dzanzi jekeseni mwachindunji mu chingwe msana. Wodwala akumva okha jekeseni. Pambuyo kupatsidwa ulemu wa mankhwala, lonse m'munsi gawo la dzanzi thupi, kutaya kumverera onse.

Mtundu uwu wa mankhwala oletsa ululu ntchito bwinobwino ntchito pa miyendo, urology ndi matenda achikazi.

epidural ochititsa dzanzi

Mu epidural ochititsa dzanzi m'dera pakati pa ngalande msana ndi msana catheter, amene angathe kuperekedwa othetsa ululu.

Epidural ochititsa dzanzi nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mpumulo ululu ntchito ndi kawirikawiri - pa ntchito yaitali m'munda wa matenda achikazi ndi urology.

Chabwino n'chiti, epidural kapena mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri? Ndi kusamvetsetsana kwambiri lero. Aliyense mfundo zawo pa nkhaniyi.

chigoba narcosis

The chigoba ochititsa dzanzi kapena inhalational ambiri mankhwala ochititsa anadzetsa m'thupi kudzera Airways wodwalayo. Mu mtundu wa tulo ochititsa dzanzi anakhalabe ndi mpweya wapadera umene Anesthesiologists anadyetsedwa kudzera ndi chigoba Ufumuyo nkhope wodwalayo. Izo ntchito ntchito wofatsa yochepa.

Ngati mumamwa ndi chigoba ochititsa dzanzi wodwalayo Chofunika - kumvetsera kwa dokotala: kupuma akufuna, kuchita zimene iye amanena, kuyankha mafunso amene amafunsidwa kwa iwo. Ngati chigoba ochititsa dzanzi wodwalayo mosavuta kulowa tulo, ndi mophweka basi kukamuutsa.

phlebonarcosis

Pakuti mankhwala mtsempha mankhwala ochititsa kuti chifukwa mankhwala anachititsa kugona ndi kutakasuka, umayamba mwachindunji mu mtsempha. Izi zimathandiza kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira mofulumira ndi zotsatira khalidwe.

mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi mtsempha angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana ntchito. Iye ambiri opaleshoni zachikhalidwe.

mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi General minofu zosangalatsa multicomponent

Multicomponent mtundu wa mankhwala oletsa ululu otchedwa chifukwa Chili chigoba ndi mtsempha ochititsa dzanzi. Ndiko kuti, chigawo chimodzi cha mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri kutumikiridwa mankhwala kudzera m'mitsempha mu mawonekedwe a mpweya kudzera dongosolo kupuma. mtundu wa mankhwala oletsa ululu amalola kuti iyende pazipita.

Minofu zosangalatsa - zosangalatsa a minofu chigoba. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pa alowererepo pa opaleshoni.

Multicomponent ochititsa dzanzi akulimbikitsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo nthawi yaitali. Lero, pansi mankhwala, choncho opaleshoni ziwalo m'mimba, chifuwa.

General ochititsa dzanzi. contraindications

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri, pali ena contraindications:

• mtima kulephera;
• aakulu magazi m'thupi;
• m'mnyewa wamtima infarction;
• chibayo;
• pachimake impso ndi chiwindi;
• mphumu;
• khunyu;
• anticoagulant mankhwala;
• matenda endocrine monga thyrotoxicosis, decompensated shuga, matenda adrenal;
• ndi m'mimba mwake;
• Kuledzela mowa adalemeradi;
• pakalibe dzanzi ndi, mankhwala oyenerera komanso zida.

General ndi makonsolo ochititsa dzanzi - ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri pa opaleshoni ano. Palibe ntchito chikuchitika popanda mankhwala oletsa ululu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa mankhwala, chifukwa munthu aliyense akhoza kusuntha mantha chopweteka.